2023届高考英语二轮复习考点10定语从句（A卷）作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习考点10定语从句（A卷）作业含答案，共7页。试卷主要包含了填空，阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题八 考点10 定语从句（A卷）一、填空1.As the youngest child of his family, Lucy is always eager for the time  ________  she should be able to be independent.2.I came across an accident. That is the reason  ________  I am so late.3.My brother is good at maths, so I think he is the best student  ________  can help you to work out this problem.4.Short-range goals are those  ________  usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis.5.The only thing  ________  brightened my day was the beautifully decorated Christmas tree in our waiting room.6.To those successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity  ________  sight matters more than hearing.7.Mary and Jim made an appointment of an interview at 8 on Saturday morning,  ________  they would be free.8.There are three people in my family and I'm the only one child,   ________  is very common in Chinese families.9.Many young people, most of  ________  were college graduates, headed for remote areas to chase their dreams.10.The old man, for  ________  life had been very hard, donated his possessions to poor villages in Anhui.二、阅读理解In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his book a mysterious set of symptoms he was noticing among artists: "Of the many painters I have known, almost all I found unhealthy ... If we search for the cause of the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are so often victims of, we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."He was one of the first to make the connection between paint and artists' health, but it would take centuries for painters to switch to less-harmful materials, even as medicine gradually found some clues to the painters' health problems.The 1834 London Medical and Surgical Journal describes sharp stomach pains occurring in patients with no other evidence of intestinal(肠的)disease, thus leading the authors to suspect that this "painter's stomachache" was a "nervous affection" of the intestine that occurs when lead "is absorbed into the system".Paints weren't the only source of saturnism(铅中毒)in past centuries, though. Through the 1500s, lead was widely used in wine to make the wine tastes sweeter. Occasionally, lead was even used as a medicine. In the Middle Ages, lead could be found in makeup.Though many kinds of people fell victim to saturnism, the disease was perhaps most widespread among those who worked with paint. The symptoms of this "stomachache" ranged, but they often included a pale face, tooth loss, fatigue, painful stomach aches, and so on. In fact, the illness that many famous artists experienced didn't just prompt their gloomy works.Lead poisoning among historical figures is difficult to prove, in part because the condition was not known or recognized in most of their lifetimes. We can't know whether the madness, depression, and illnesses many Renaissance masters experienced can be attributed to their paint or just their physiologies(生理机能).
1. In his book, Bernardinus Ramazzini described the following symptoms of many painters except ______.
A. being extremely thin  B. depressed feelings
C. being always inactive  D. pale appearance
2. What can we know about Bernardinus Ramazzini?
A. He was an Italian physicist.  B. He invented less-harmful materials.
C. He made artists stop using paints. D. He thought paints do harm to health.
3. When may be the connection between paint and artists' health first established?
A. In the 16th century.  B. In the 18th century.
C. In the 19th century.  D. In the 20th century.  
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Lead was widely used throughout history in daily life.
B. Saturnism in past centuries came from various sources.
C. All the artists are unhealthy for they use harmful paints.
D. Typical symptoms of artists' disease may be connected to paints.三、语法填空    Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BC. ①_______(influence) by his father, who was also a historian, Sima Qian took an interest ②_______ history when he was a child. He learned Chinese classics from great literary masters, and at the age of 20, he began travelling extensively across the country. He interviewed the local people to get ③_______ wide range of information. Learning and travelling were exactly ④_______ helped him in his later career as a historian.     His father's dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history. After his father died, Sima Qian ⑤_______ (succeed) his father as Grand Historian, which facilitated his access to ⑥_______ (office) books and files. However, his work proved difficult, because ⑦_______ (sort) out all the available resources and checking facts of historical materials required painstaking efforts. His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and ⑧_______ (efficient).     As he carried on with his work, something awful happened to Sima Qian. He was put in prison, ⑨_______ he suffered a lot of pain physically and mentally. ​⑩_______, he was not defeated. He never forgot about his father's dream, in good times or bad times. After more than 10 years of hard work, the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), his masterpiece, was completed.
答案以及解析一、填空1.答案：when解析：考查定语从句。句意为:作为家里最小的孩子, Lucy总是渴望着她应该能够独立的那一刻。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"time",关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导该从句。故填when。2.答案：why解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我遇到了一场事故。这就是我来的这么晚的原因。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"reason",关系词在从句中作原因状语,应用why引导该从句。故填why。3.答案：that解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我哥哥擅长数学,所以我认为他是能帮助你解决这个问题的最好的学生。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"the best student",指人,关系词在从句中作主语。先行词前面有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。4.答案：that/which解析：考查定语从句。句意为:短期目标通常是那些我们可以应用日常的基本原则来处理的当前的活动。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是"those"，those指代"Short-range goals"，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用thal或者which引导该从句。故填that/which。5.答案：that解析：考查定语从句。句意为:唯一使我的一天有希望的是我们休息室里那棵装饰精美的圣诞树。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"thing",指物,关系词在从句中作主语;因先行词前有"The only"修饰,只能用that引导该从句。故填that。6.答案：where解析：考查定语从句。句意为:对那些成功的失聪舞者来说,舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉更重要的活动。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"activity",表示虚拟的地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导该从句。故填where。7.答案：when解析：考查定语从句。句意为:Mary和Jim预约的面试时间是星期六上午8点,那时他们都有空。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"8 on Saturday morning",表示时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。故填when。8.答案：which解析：考查定语从句。句意为:我家有三口人,我是唯一的孩子,这(种情况)在中国的家庭很常见。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。9.答案：whom解析：考查定语从句。句意为:许多年轻人前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想,(他们中)大部分是大学毕业生。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是"young people",指人,关系词在从句中作of的宾语,应用whom引导该从句。故填whom。10.答案：whom解析：考查定语从句。句意为:这位生活已经非常艰难的老人把自己的财产捐到了安徽省的贫困村庄。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是"The old man",指人,关系词在从句中作介词"for"的宾语,应用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。二、阅读理解答案：1-4 CDBD解析：1.细节理解题。 根据第一段"the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings."(极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪）可知，艺术家没有的症状就是C选项。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第一段"we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."(我们应该进一步看到颜料的有害性质。）可知，在Bemardinus Ramazzini看来，颜料对健康是有害的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。 根据第一段"In 1713, Italian physician Bernardinus Ramazzini described in his book a mysterious set of symptoms he was noticing among artists."(在1713年，意大利内科医生Bernardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征.) 和第二段"He was one of the first to make the connection between paint and artists' health"(他是第一个认为颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的人。）可知，第一次发表颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系的是在1713年，即18世纪。故选B。
4.主旨大意题。 根据第一段"If we search for the cause of the extremely thin and colorless appearance of the painters, as well as the sad feelings that they are so often victims of, we should look no further than the harmful nature of the paint."(如果我们要寻找画家极其消瘦和苍白的面孔，以及悲伤的情绪，我们应该只关注绘画的有害性质）可知，这篇文章以意大利内科医生Bermardinus Ramazzini在他的书中描述到他在艺术家身上的神奇的一套特征：极其的消瘦、苍白的面孔和伤感的情绪，得出结论：颜料和艺术家们的健康有关系。故选D。三、语法填空答案：1. Influenced/Having been influenced2. in3. a4. what5. succeeded6. official7. sorting8. efficiently9. where10. However
解析： 这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了司马迁的生平。【小题1】考查非谓语动词。句意:司马迁的父亲也是一位历史学家,受他的影响,司马迁从小就对历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。分析句子结构可知,此空应为非谓语动词,且与主语Sima Qian之间为被动关系,可用influenced;如果强调先受父亲的影响,司马迁后产生兴趣,可用Having been influenced表示;故填Influenced/Having been influenced。【小题2】考查介词。句意:司马迁的父亲也是一位历史学家,受他的影响,司马迁从小就对历史产生了浓厚的兴趣。take an interest in为固定搭配,意为"对感兴趣,故填in。【小题3】考查冠词。句意:他走访了当地人以获得广泛的信息。a wide range of为固定搭配,意为"广泛的",故填a。【小题4】考查表语从句。句意:学习和旅行帮助他后来成为历史学家。分析句子结构可知,此句为表语从句,且表语从句中缺少主语,指物,故填what。【小题5】考查动词时态。句意:他的父亲死后,司马迁继承他父亲的遗志,成为历史学家,这使他能够接触到官方的书籍和文件。根据时间状语"After his father died可知,此句应该用一股过去时,故填succeeded。【小题6】考查形容词。句意:他的父亲死后,司马迁继承他父亲的伟大的历史学家,这使他能够接触到官方的书籍和文件。分析空后的books and files'可知,此处应填形容词修饰名词,故填official。【小题7】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为整理所有可用的资源和查证历史资料的事实需要艰苦的努力。分析句子结构可知,此空在句中作主语,表示一般性的行为,故用动名词,故填sorting。【小题8】考查副词。句意:他主要关心的是他能否把工作做得更有效率。分析句子结构及空前"more effectively and'可知,此处应填副词,与effectively并列,故填efficiently.【小题9】考查定语从句。句意:他被关进大牢,在那里他遭受了身体和精神上的巨大痛苦。分析句子结构可知,此句为定语从句,先行词为prison'",在从句中作地点状语,故填where。【小题10】考查副词。句意:然而,他没有被打败。分析句子逻辑可知,上句和下句为并列转折关系,空后有逗号,故填However。