英语-2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B（北京专用）

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绝密★考试结束前 2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B  (北京专用)英语 试卷满分：100分   考试时间：90分钟 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下而短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lara Harrison has always had a complicated relationship with her father. Several times, Harrison felt she’d reached her breaking point and ____1____ her dad for months. Still, she couldn’t ____2____ him. Small actions showed he cared though he remained difficult to get close to: he went out of his way to ____3____ with tasks such as repairing her office. Harrison wanted the relationship to improve.As her father reached his 70s, she realized that if they were going to re-establish ____4____, they could not waste time. She made a conscious decision to change her ____5____ to him. If he was being moody during their time together, she’d end their interaction by thanking him for the visit and giving him a hug — something that wasn’t typical for them. The small interventions ____6____; he became kinder each visit, and his moods became ____7____. Eventually he began reaching out to her, texting to ask, “How are you?” or saying he was proud of her, something she’d always longed to hear.Rebuilding trust with her father ultimately helped her to engage in ____8____. She realized she could also be stubborn when she felt ____9____, and that her negative connection to her father made her less trusting of other people in her life. “I never allowed myself to dive deeply into relationships. At the first sight of a challenge, I would blame others, get angry or leave. The effort it takes to be constantly on guard is exhausting,” she says. “It reminds you of life’s happy moments.” Today, she’s thankful to be able to approach others more ____10____ and with an open heart.Trust is one of the most important elements of a safe, fulfilling and well-functioning relationship. However, it often isn’t until something hurtful happens — a spouse cheats on you; a boss makes fun of you in front of colleagues — that we think about trust; we don’t notice it until it’s broken.1. A. offended B. abused C. avoided D. approached2. A. abandon B. find C. help D. please3. A. help out B. set out C. make out D. work out4. A. connection B. trust C. contact D. love5. A. solutions B. responses C. attitudes D. secrets6. A. ran B. worked C. performed D. operated7. A. violent B. calm C. stable D. rough8. A. self-confidence B. self-respect C. self-reliance D. self-reflection9. A. threatened B. disturbed C. suspected D. recognized10. A. determinedly B. enthusiastically C. lovingly D. amusedly 第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AMy first shopping experience in China was a trip to Wanda Plaza. For the first time, I ____11____ (introduce) to Chinese brands like Lining, Anta Sports, etc. I shopped for a T-shirt, jeans, and dresses. Afterwards, I’ve had many other in-store shopping experiences. I once went to a local market, ____12____ the goods gave me a similar feeling to the stores in my home country. I could bargain on how much I wanted to pay for an outfit. Shopping in stores like this was a lot ____13____ (cheap). BMy name is Luke Harris and I am a sports photographer. My first day at work wasn’t easy. I had to cover a local football team and I’d heard that there wasn’t much shelter at the ground and the wind was strong. The problem was more the rain, though, ____14____ was heavy and affected all my shots. So far I ____15____ (get) used to working in many conditions, even snow. You can always get a good photo if you try. There are so many similar photos out there and imagination is what ____16____ (require) to make yours stand out. CNowadays, there exists a common phenomenon. A man walks ___17___ the sidewalk, a smartphone in hand and completely absorbed in the digital world. Just as ___18___computers achieved before, smartphones are now changing our life. I am truly grateful for the convenience brought by it. But meanwhile I feel deeply anxious. To stay ___19___( inform) , I constantly update my WeChat.That's why I often find___20___(me)absent-minded. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ALet's be honest: it can be hard to get motivated to do your schoolwork even in the best of times. So finding the motivation, while you’re learning from home, is extra challenging. Here are a few tips that could maximize your motivation. 1. Guard Your TimeYou do not need large amounts of time to be productive. Instead, be focused in short blocks when you can work without interruption. Protect these open times by setting up your workspace to minimize distractions—including silencing notifications (通知) on your cellphone or laptop. 2. Determine How Much Work Is NeededWrite down the work you need to achieve, because there is a limit to how much information you can recall and process at one time. Examine the remaining projects, and estimate the amount and type of effort each requires. 3. Break Large Projects into Smaller OnesBreaking big projects into smaller and more manageable tasks allows you to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness. Your assigned tasks should follow a logical order. Also, making a list and crossing things off that list is really satisfying. 4. Set GoalsSet goals related to effort. For example, plan to spend 60 minutes at a specific time of the day studying a pre-determined concept. Also, set goals related to the completion of specific tasks or projects. For instance, give yourself a deadline to read and take notes on a specific article for a certain paper you must write. 5. Identify the RewardsIt pays to clarify the rewards this term—whether those rewards are internal, such as the feeling of accomplishment that comes from understanding a difficult concept well, or external, such as getting a good grade. Work to build good habits and strategies now. It will pay off in the future.21. What skills do the first two tips relate to?A. Writing skills. B. Social skills.C. Teamwork skills. D. Time management skills.22. According to the passage, which can help you most when you are faced with a big task?A. Tip 2. B. Tip 3. C. Tip 4. D. Tip 5.23. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show students how to stay focused on schoolwork.B. To analyze students' difficulties of learning from home.C. To offer students advice on how to improve productivity.D. To summarize some tips for parents to share with their children. BFour years ago, life rewarded me for all the challenges I embraced in search of self-improvement. My spirits rose when I was selected to be in the Youth Exchange and Study (YES) programme and I realized that I was going to spend a full year in the United States. Before that moment, living on the other side of the Atlantic had always equated—for a young Moroccan woman who had never set foot abroad—to an anxiety-free atmosphere, welcoming neighbors, and countless opportunities. Fortunately, my host community checked all these boxes.My host mother went above and beyond to take care of my needs, my teachers were very accommodating with regards to my schoolwork, and I could use my status as an exchange student as an excuse when I needed a favor or an exception. As a YES student, peers from so many diverse backgrounds at school were interested in getting to know me better. With all this unique treatment, I thought to myself, “Hold on a second! Is this what you came for?” Even though my host community was so helpful and welcoming, I realized that I was growing too content with my life. I remembered that I came to the United States for a challenge and that I was determined to strengthen my capacities.To develop greater perseverance, I joined my host school’s swim team, even though I had no prior experience in this sport. For over five months, I walked myself—sometimes reluctantly—to swim practices. During those practices, I did the best I could for three hours each day.One of my best achievements that year was competing in one of the biggest swim meets of the year. From an outsider’s perspective, it might not seem like much, especially since I didn’t even win. However, I was never the athletic type, nor have I ever been particularly outstanding in terms of discipline and commitment. Yet that was exactly what I achieved. I gained discipline and I came to the realization that I do not need to be perfect at everything that I try for the first time.Growth can take many forms. In my case, it took the form of a humid ceiling and an overly tight polyester cap. Growth can only be achieved by defying personal limits and breaking free from comfort zones. This is not always a glamorous process, but it always brings you closer to a new and improved version of yourself!24. How did the author feel about her life in her host family?A. She felt somehow uneasy to be taken good care of.B. She felt free and could do whatever she liked.C. She felt good about her high family status.D. She felt stressed like living in a box.25. What made the author join the school’s swim team?A. Her experience in swimming. B. Her desire to challenge herself.C. Her spirit of perseverance. D. Her interest in water sports.26. The author thought that her achievement in swimming ________.A. made her outstanding B. made her see her limitsC. was not a big deal D. was her courage to compete27. What can we conclude from this passage?A. Change is a brilliant opportunity to grow.B. Self-assurance is two-thirds of success.C. From failure to success is a long road.D. We learn things by doing them.CInfectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world. Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks.First, there are costs to the health system, both public and private, of medical treatment of the infected and of outbreak control. Concern over the spread of a relatively contained outbreak can lead to decreased trade. Travel and tourism to regions affected by outbreaks are also likely to decline. Some long-running outbreaks, such as HIV, prevent foreign direct investment. The economic risks are large. It is estimated that the expected yearly cost of infectious diseases is at roughly $500 billion. Even when the health impact of an outbreak is relatively limited, its economic consequences can quickly become expanded. Liberia, for example, saw GDP growth decline 8 percentages from 2013 to 2014 during the Ebola outbreak in Africa.The risk is complex, but policymakers have tools in response.Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses. Investment in reliable disease monitoring in both human and animal populations is also critical. Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes. Informal monitoring systems, social media for example, which collect information from official reports, media reports, online discussions, and eyewitness observations, can also help national health systems and international responders get ahead of the outbreak news during the early stages. Cooperations for monitoring infectious diseases readiness at the national level provide information national governments can use to react timely to their outbreaks.There is a significant market failure when it comes to vaccines (疫苗) against individual low-probability viruses that collectively are likely to cause panic. Given the low probability that any single vaccine of this type will be needed, high Research and Development (R&D) costs, and delayed returns, medical companies hesitate to invest in their development. However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. It also aims to fund development of institutional and technical platforms to speed R&D in response to outbreaks for which there are no vaccines.Undoubtedly, humans and infectious viruses will coexist. However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.27. What does the underlined word ''incentives'' in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Habits. B. Opinions.C. Arguments. D. Rewards.28. CFPI is a special company whichA. is able to predict the trend of the marketB. develops vaccines against infectious virusesC. makes huge profits by selling general medicineD. employs staff who graduate from famous universities29. What does the passage imply?A. More importance should be attached to health care systems.B. All-level cooperations are required to handle infectious diseases.C. It will not be long before mankind thoroughly defeats the viruses.D. Technologies hold the key to the settlement of medical problems.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Health Risks and Research of Infectious DiseasesB. Global Cooperation and Spread of Infectious DiseasesC. Economic Impact and Solutions of Infectious DiseasesD. Medical Service and Development of Infectious DiseasesDPeople in many countries are longing for the good old days. When asked if life in their country is better or worse today than it was 50 years ago, 31% of Britons, 41% of Americans and 46% of the French say it’s worse. Psychologists say this kind of nostalgia (怀旧) is natural and sometimes even useful: It helps give us a sense of stability and predictability. But when exactly were the good old days? Podcaster Jason Feifer devoted an episode of his program to this question. The most popular answer seemed to be the 1950s. In fact, many in the 1950s thought that the good old days were to be found a generation earlier, in the 1920s. But in the 1920s, child psychologist John Watson warned that because of increasing divorce rates, the American family would soon cease to exist. Many people at the time idealized the Victorian era, when families were strong and children respected their elders. People have been longing for the good old days at least since the invention of writing 5,000 years ago. Scientists have discovered tablets (碑) which complain that family life isn’t what it used to be. Why are human beings always so nostalgic for past eras that seemed difficult and dangerous to those who lived through them? One possibility is that we know we survived past dangers, so they seem smaller now. But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. Radio didn’t ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smartphone will. Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia. When were the good old days? Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? A U.S. poll found that people born in the 1930s and 1940s thought the 1950s was America’s best decade, while those born in the 1960s and 1970s preferred the 1980s. This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more memories during adolescence and early adulthood than any other period of our lives, and when we think about the past, this is the period we most often return to. Moreover, as we grow more distant from past events, we tend to remember them more positively. Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. Longing for the past and fear of the future inhibit the experiments and innovations that drive progress. As inventor William Petty observed, “When a new invention is first proposed, in the beginning every man objects... not one inventor of a hundred outlives this torture (苦难).” Petty was right: Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. The point isn’t to show how silly previous generations were. The same kinds of anxieties have been expressed in our own time about innovations like the internet, video games and stem-cell research. And not all fears about the future are unfounded. New technologies do result in accidents, they disturb traditional cultures and habits, and they destroy old jobs while creating new ones. But the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days.31. According to the passage, the good old days ________.A. were believed to be the 1920s by most AmericansB. have been longed for since steam engines were inventedC. are usually understood differently by different generationsD. were thought to be the Victorian era by people in the 1950s32. What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?A. The current generation is not as silly as the previous generations.B. It is unwise to be simply opposed to any new inventions and technologies.C. The internet, video games and stem-cell research pose great threats to humanity.D. People are constantly deceived by their instinctive nostalgia for the good old days.33. What’s the author’s overall attitude towards the nostalgia for the good old days?A. Approving. B. Subjective. C. Cautious. D. Indifferent.34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. What are the good old days? B. Where does nostalgia come from?C. How does nostalgia influence human beings? D. Why can’t we stop longing for good old days? 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Public Speaking and Critical ThinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic – of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. _____35_____ The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas. That, too, is critical thinking._____36_____ As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. _____37_____What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. _____38_____ As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. _____39_____ As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32分)第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Compassion involves feeling another person’s pain and wanting to take steps to help relieve their suffering. The word compassion itself derives from Latin and means “to suffer together.” It is related to other emotions such as sympathy and empathy, although the concepts have some key differences. Empathy refers more to the general ability to feel the emotions of others. Compassion, on the other hand, is what happens when those feelings of empathy are accompanied by the desire to help. The difference between sympathy and compassion is that the former responds to suffering with sorrow and concern while the latter responds with warmth and care.Compassion often comes in one of two forms, which vary depending on where these feelings are directed. Your experience of compassion may be either directed toward other people, or it may be directed inwardly toward yourself. On one hand, compassion is a process of connecting by identifying with another person. When you experience compassion for other people, you feel their pain and want to find a way to relieve their suffering. These feelings motivate you to take action to make the situation better. Self-compassion involves treating yourself with the same kindness that you would show to others. You will treat failures without defensiveness, and no longer beat yourself up you’re your mistakes. You will feel understanding, mindful, and accepting of yourself and your imperfections.While some people are compassionate by nature, experts also suggest that there are steps you can take to cultivate a greater sense of compassion for both yourself and others.Bring your attention to the situation. The first component of compassion is to become more aware of what other people are experiencing. Imagine yourself in their shoes. Being able to see things from another person’s perspective can help you gain a sense of compassion for their situation.Let go of judgment. Focus on accepting people for who they are without criticizing or blaming the victim. Compassionate people tend to accept people as they are and avoid judgement.Practice mindfulness. Mindfulness is a practice of focusing on the present, becoming more aware of your own thoughts, and observing these thoughts. Research suggests that mindfulness-based interventions can be effective for improving self-compassion.40. According to the passage, what is the difference between compassion and empathy?_________________________________________________________________41. Generally, how many forms does compassion have and what are they?_________________________________________________________________42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.➢ Compassionate people like making judgement of other people, and some of them are compassionate by nature._________________________________________________________________43. Do you think the sense of compassion is important in your life? Why or why not?(In about 40 words)_________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (共1题; 20分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期你班同学普遍加强了英语听说训练，但是仍然存在一些困惑。请你给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他下周为大家做一次专题讲座。邮件内容包括:1. 介绍同学们的听说训练情况；2. 希望提供更有效的学习方法;3. 询问对方的意向。注意:1. 词数不少于80；2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua