英语-2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B（江苏专用）

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绝密★考试结束前 2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B（江苏专用）英语 全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will the woman do next?A. Wash the dishes.      B. Water the flowers.     C. Clean her bedroom. 2. What was the man unable to do at the weekend?A. Ride a horse.        B. Go sailing.           C. Walk in the woods. 3. What does James have in his garden?A. Bushes.           B. Flowers.              C. Apple trees.  4. Why did the woman fail to see the match?A. She got the flu.      B. She had to work.     C. She visited her colleague. 5. What are the speakers talking about?A. A bookstore.       B. A library.            C. A book. 第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6. Where are the speakers probably?A. At a café. B. In a canteen. C. In a sports center. 7. What does Cathy think of the swimming class?A. Easy. B. Boring. C. Worthwhile. 听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8. What is the matter with Miss Brown?A. She has an earache.B. She has a headache.C. She has a sore throat.9. What does Miss Brown plan to do first?A. See a dentist. B. Take some medicine. C. Cancel her appointment. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Mother and son.C. Tour guide and tourist. 11. When will the speakers go to the art exhibition?A. On Wednesday. B. On Friday. C. On Sunday. 12. What is free of charge?A. The tickets. B. The bus fares. C. Food and drinks. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13. What is the man doing?A. Hosting a program. B. Watching a match. C. Having a discussion. 14. When did Cori Gauff start playing tennis?A. In 2004. B. In 2007. C. In 2011. 15. Who is Cori Gauff’s coach? A. Venus. B. Serena. C. Her father. 16. What does Cori Gauff talk about in the end?A. Her family life. B. Her future plans. C. Her achievements. 听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17. Why does the speaker get excited about the Screen Machine?A. It screens films on a boat. B. It always shows the latest films. C. It enables him to see films easily.18. How long does it take to change the Screen Machine into a cinema?A. 30 minutes. B. 60 minutes. C. 80 minutes. 19. What is the truck driver responsible for?A. Selling tickets. B. Showing the film. C. Fixing the motors. 20. How do most people book film tickets now?A. By using the Internet. B. By making telephone calls. C. By queuing at the ticket office. 第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 AThe Horizontal Oak: A life in NatureBy Poly Pullar,Growing up in a remote region of the Scottish Highlands, Polly Pullar’s childhood was pleasant, simple, and peaceful. But the wild beauty formed a backdrop to a series of major family tragedies. This is the story of how she rebuilt her life from the ground up, supported by the natural world around her.Wildlife WalksBy Charlotte Varela,Bloomsbury, ￡16.99Take a walk through the Wildlife Trusts’ nature reserves with this handy guide that showcases some of our nation’s best forests, moors, woodlands and coastal locations. Each walk includes a description of the site, instructions on how to get there, available facilities and the route’s walking time.Where the Seals SingBy Susan Richardson,William Collins, ￡20Having long been fascinated by seals, Susan Richardson sets out to follow their pupping season (繁殖季). As she journeys from Cornwall to Norfolk, she learns more about these mystical creatures, while sharing personal stories about the comforting role they have played during times of grief or anxiety in her own life.In the Name of PlantsBy Sandra Knapp,University of Chicago Press, ￡20Botanist Sandra Knapp digs into the stories behind plant names, exploring the people who have been immortalized (使永生), from Benjamin Franklin to Lady Gaga. The 30 plants inside are accompanied by botanical drawings from the Natural History Museum.21. Which of the books does not involve a story?A. The Horizontal Oak: A Life in Nature B. Wildlife WalksC. Where the Seals Sing D. In the Name of Plants22. What can be inferred from the text?A. There are probably plants named after Lady Gaga.B. Susan Richardson introduces seals’ life in her book.C. Polly Pullar offers readers a tourist guide of Scottish Highlands.D. You can read Charlotte Varela’s book if you want to visit nature reserves by car.23. Where can we most probably read the text？A. A geographic textbook. B. A travel brochure.C. A magazine on wildlife. D. A website about plants. BI enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – “Do We Need It?” and “Put It in Its Place”– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine.If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. I consider this unhealthy. I want to be better at moving on.So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love. Can I go full Kondo? I will try. One central idea is to clean by category. You start by collecting all clothes and gathering them together for consideration. It makes you rethink how you organize. Next, hold each item and ask if it brings you joy. This way you’re choosing what to keep. And that’s how I find myself with all my clothes on my bedroom floor. My wife walks by and gives me a look that says I’m nuts. She’s probably not wrong.Somewhere near the bottom of this chaos is my special jacket. I move through the pile: pants, shirts, suits and shoes. Then my last category: jackets. I haven’t worn the thing in about 30 years. Somehow, it has survived. Now that I’m striving to follow Kondo – surely, its time has come?I hold it in my hand. There is a tear just below the collar that widens as I hold it. It’s literally falling apart. Will I ever wear it again? Not a chance. Does it feel good to wear? Does it bring me joy? Actually, yes. At this moment, my daughter walks in. She asks about the jacket. I tell her the story. She thinks I should keep it. It’s cool and unique and full of memories. She is arguing that nostalgia (怀念) is the very reason.I’m not entirely convinced by my daughter’s arguments. I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.24. What does the underlined word “discarded” probably mean in Paragraph 2?A. adjusted B. reserved C. abandoned D. tidied25. What drives the author to read The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up?A. To learn how to categorize. B. To improve his tidying skills.C. To persuade his family members. D. To develop passion for minimalism.26. What is the attitude of the author’s family members toward minimalism?A. They don’t understand it. B. They completely support it.C. They are strongly opposed to it. D. They are less passionate about it.27. What’s the best title for the text?A. Knowing when to let go B. Classifying what you loveC. Throwing worn-out clothes D. Keeping valuable possessions CI had not hugged a friend or a family member for more than two years until recently when my sister flew in for a brief visit. For safety, we met outside. Despite the wintry weather, her hug warmed me from the inside out. It’s strange, but only now do I truly realize how much I’ve missed embracing loved ones.I grew up through war in my hometown of Sarajevo, Bosnia, and every moment was full of danger. On one peaceful morning, I had begged my mom to let me go outside after spending weeks indoors. She finally agreed. I was outside for only 10 minutes when I was caught in an explosion. I ran to my neighbor’s house for safety and hung my arms around her neck just as my legs collapsed underneath me.Thankfully, I made a full physical recovery, but the emotional scars never left me. Years later there was another explosion near my house. I was safely inside, but my father had left to buy a loaf of bread. He had only just missed the explosion. When he came back inside, I gave him the biggest hug imaginable. I was caked in tears as I held him tight.That same night my parents managed to arrange my escape from our war-torn city. I was 16 and came to America on my own. A generous host family took me in. They had a large dog called Oscar. Over the next several months, I secretly struggled with feeling homesick and worried about my family back home. Despite managing quite well at school, I couldn’t express my feelings. The only way I shared how I felt was by giving Oscar a big hug.It is yet another sad aspect of our pandemic(疾病大流行的) lives that hugging a stranger is the last thing on our minds. For many of us, even hugging a relative or a friend comes with stress and anxiety over risks and precautions. As I look back on my past, I count myself truly lucky to have been held, shielded and encouraged at some of the most key moments of my life by the power of a hug.28. What is the passage mainly about?A. Experience of war. B. Love for family.C. Impact of pandemic. D. Power of embracing.29. How did the author feel when she hugged her father?A. Frightened. B. Ashamed. C. Relieved. D. Astonished.30. What can we learn about the author from the passage?A. She had her arms hurt in an explosion.B. She missed her family very much while in America.C. She couldn’t catch up with her classmates at school.D. She recovered quickly from the wounds of the war.31. What does the underlined word “shielded” mean in Paragraph 5?A. Protected. B. Persuaded. C. Covered. D. Understood.DI’ve tried a bunch of strategies to increase my intelligence. I’ve made flashcards to memorize words. I’ve subscribed to daily crosswords. What did I get for it? Average scores on standardized tests. A lot of unfinished puzzles. But I can’t say any of those strategies made me noticeably smarter.Paul, a biology and social science writer, challenges us to rethink what we think about thinking. Our assumption that intelligence solely exists within the isolated organism of brain leaves us flummoxed by paradoxes like this one: how London resident Ben Pridmore can remember the order of 1,400 randomly shuffled playing cards but can’t remember his friends’ birth dates. Our bodies, our social networks and our surroundings, she argues, are “extra-neural” inputs that have a profound influence on cognition (认知).To illustrate the impact of physical spaces on cognition, Paul tells the story of Montaigne, a 16th century thinker who might have been the first to design a man cave and style it in ways to promote deep thought. She shares reflections on the transformative effect on mental well-being of the 150-foot ceilings in ancient Roman public baths, and the reasons why the large stone pillars (柱子) of the Salk Institute can foster expansive thinking.She couples the experiences of Daniel Kahneman with contemporary neuroscientific studies to explain the benefits of physical movement for cognitive focus and memory. She uses this work to convincingly highlight how the daily routine at school—with its relative shortage of leisure time—is a drawback to the development of children’s attention span.Paul does not offer do’s and don’ts for designing childhood education centers. She does not advise directly on how to prepare for a public address at a board meeting. However, the diverse and deeply researched information she presents about the impact of atmosphere, our bodies and the people around us on our thought process can certainly be translated into that. Our minds are bigger than our brains, and if we embrace that fact, there’s so much more we can accomplish.32. How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1?A. By listing examples.B. By presenting a setting.C. By providing evidence.D. By sharing the experience.33. What does the underlined word “flummoxed” mean in Paragraph2？A. Confused. B. Influenced. C. Impressed. D. Attracted.34. What does Paul find about influential factors on cognition?A. Large stone pillars are helpful to develop critical mind.B. Lack of rest could do harm to the cognitive development.C. Learning from great minds helps to facilitate deep thought.D. Good childhood academic education well promote cognitive focus.35. Which of the following might Paul agree with?A. More public speeches at meetings are helpful.B. Brain training is not equal to intelligence development.C. Thought process can be changed into diverse information.D. Intelligence is best cultivated in childhood education centers. 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Going to a boarding school is a new experience full of excitement of the unknown. Socialization is a big thing for students and it is common to feel a little uncomfortable going into a situation where everyone is a stranger. You may probably miss your friends from former school. Trying actively to find new friends can help ease the feeling of being lonely. A boarding school is a great chance to make new lifelong friends. The question is: How?___36___You may find you have lots of things in common with your roommate，but even if you are completely different from each other, with a little effort and understanding, the two of you may become best friends.___37___If you leave your door open，this shows that you welcome visitors. As a result, people will naturally stop in and say hello. Closed doors are not likely to bring many visitors and those who stay locked up in their rooms may give others the impression of being cold. Other students will be less likely to stop in and build a new friendship.___38___Getting involved in organized socialization is a great way to meet new people. It also helps you get more familiar with the campus. By staying active in school groups such as clubs and organizations, you can meet lots of people with whom you share common interests.___39___Get to know your classmates as you’ll be spending several months with them. Starting conversations in class is a great way to meet people who are interested in the same kind of studies as you are. Short friendly discussions can build lifelong friendship.___40___If you’re athletic, trying out for a sport will do for you the same thing as joining a club will do. You will instantly meet a large group of people who share your interest in sports.A. Close the door to keep away from theftB. Leave the door open sometimes to welcome potential friendsC. Join clubs or organizationsD. Get to know your roommateE. Try out for a sportF. Talk to classmates 第三部分　语言知识运用(共二节，满分30分)第一节　完形填空(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。   Within two years of first showing signs of memory loss, Peter Marshall had to give up work as early onset Alzheimer’s began to take hold.His wife Lisa started a blog called “Oh Hello Alzheimer’s” to help her cope with the progressive ____41____ of her husband's fading memory. I get ____42____ every day from people saying, ‘Thank you —now I don’t feel so alone’,” she said. As the disease ____43____ , Peter’s memory ____44____ faded and he began to refer to Lisa as his "favourite person”. Then, one day last year, they were watching a wedding ____45____ on television when Peter suddenly looked at his wife and said, “Let’s do it!” “Well, OK, we should get married then,” she told him.The next day, ____46____ , Peter appeared to have forgotten all about it. Still, with the 20th____47____ of their wedding approaching this year, the idea seemed to make sense to Lisa in the face of her husband’s rapid ____48____ . Sarah, Lisa’s daughter from a marriage before she met Peter, helped organize the event.  “I knew that my stepdad, who I am very close with, was there through some of the ____49____ times of my life.”When Lisa joined her husband to ____50____ vows for the second time, his delight was clear for all to see. “It was just magical — straight out of a ____51____ .” she said.The music ____52____ the theme of the day: a saxophonist played Unforgettable as Lisa walked down the aisle.“There wasn’t a dry eye, and I was ____53____ .” Lisa said. “I hadn’t seen Peter that happy in a long time.” As they danced while guests ____54____ . Lisa said her husband ____55____ a few words in her ear. “Thank you for staying,” he said.41. A. dilemma B. problem C. challenge D. trouble42. A. messages B. letters C. mails D. comments43. A. appeared B. worsened C. emerged D. strengthened44. A. formally B. eventually C. desperately D. instantly45. A. scene B. event C. situation D. spot46. A. but B. instead C. however D. therefore47. A. year B. ceremony C. celebration D. anniversary48. A. decline B. reduction C. drop D. disappearance49. A. happiest B. saddest C. toughest D. brightest50. A. speak B. exchange C. swear D. express51. A. fairytale B. story C. drama D. show52. A. played B. reflected C. equaled D. matched53. A. in the sky B. over the moon C. over the sky D. in the air54. A. looked at B. moved around C. looked on D. cheered up55. A. told B. uttered C. conveyed D. whispered 第二节　语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。In central China, there is a mysterious forests region. According to Chinese mythology (神话), Shennong, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, also known as Yandi, once tested a variety of herbs himself ____56____ (find) the right one that would save the sick. Another widely circulated tale around the place is that wild men were once spotted. Legend has it ____57____ during Shennong’s journey, he came across a steep mountain covered with dense forests. He built a wooden ladder, and climbed up the mountain, ____58____ (discover) 400 kinds of medicinal herbs. In memory of his contribution to the health of society, the mountain was named Shennongjia, which____59____ (literal) means “Shennong ladder.”Shennongjia ____60____ (locate) in the northwestern part of Hubei Province, bordering the Yangtze River in the south and facing the Wudang Mountains in the north. It is a place ____61____ the Daba Mountain Range and the Qinling Mountains meet. It spans ____62____ area of around 3,250 square kilometers, with the highest peak, the Shennong Peak, reaching 3,106.2 meters in height, and the lowest point, the Shizhu River Valley, only 398 meters ____63____ sea level. One of the first things many people learn about Shennongjia ____64____ (be) the tale of the wild man, but after visiting the area, they find that the pristine (原始状态的) natural landscape and biological_____65_____ (diverse) in that area add more mysteries to this region. 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)假如你是高三学生李华，你所在年级下周要举办新学期、新计划为主题的例会，请你写一篇发言稿参加会议，内容包括：1.新学期的任务与计划；2.号召同学们一起为理想而努力。注意：1.词数80左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hello, everyone, We are now in Senior Ⅲ, facing new chances and challenge.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节   读后续写 （满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Crash! The old black pickup truck in front of me stopped. I didn’t. I crashed into its back breaking the fender (挡泥板) and bending the driver’s door of my car. To make matters worse, it wasn’t my car. It was my father’s. I shouldn’t have been driving it, and now I had destroyed it.A farmer jumped out of the truck, slowly and carefully, and looked at the damage. I sat sobbing (抽噎), my lip bleeding where I’d bitten it. He was in a hurry to leave, but we managed to exchange names and phone numbers before he pulled out onto the highway again. I followed, knowing I dared not go home. I’d be in big trouble.It was my high school graduation day. I drove to school and climbed out through the passenger door. Surveying the broken fender and the door, tears flowed down my face, which was rapidly becoming swollen. I walked into the gym and joined my classmates to prepare for the graduation party. Bad news traveled fast, and soon a teacher came to me“You’ll have to go home to get dressed for the graduation sooner or later,” she said. “Sooner would be much better and you have to tell your parents.”I finally agreed and slowly drove home. The Death March sounded in my ears.My mother took one look at my face when I got home and screamed, “What on earth happened?”I hung my head and tears rolled down my face again. “I crashed Daddy’s car.”She threw up her hands in panic and rushed to the backyard where Dad was making burgers. “Stop cooking, Ted. We’re not going to eat. Jean has destroyed your car.”Dad looked at her and said quietly, “Is she hurt?”“No, except for biting her lip.”“Well, then, what does that have to do with eating dinner?” He put a burger on a plate with the others, then walked across the yard and put his arm around me. “Let’s go inside and hear all about this if you’re sure you’re all right.” I sobbed and nodded.注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。The phone was ringing when we got to the back door.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I graduated that evening with my family in attendance.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________