2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解公开课猜测词义课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解公开课猜测词义课件，共22页。PPT课件主要包含了猜测单词的含义，猜测短语和句意，consider，large，disagree， 因果，家用电器，划线生词，信号词，同等关系信号词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
New English Curriculum Standards Fr Guessing Meanings f Wrds 新课程标准对阅读理解之猜测词义的要求
正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。
词义并非完全等同词典中所标注的汉语意思，其在不同的语境中会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
阅读文章时，对未见过的词，可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。
Statistics n the type f questins:
掌握词义猜测题的考查角度
猜测代词所替代的内容(it,ne,they,them,this,that...)
[典例]　(2018·北京卷 ) ... Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing. The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride­hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self­driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues . But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.49．What des the underlined wrd “fielded” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?A Emplyed B Replaced C Shared D Reduced.
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=emply(使用，运用)
利用构词法（词性转换）---猜测词意
考向1：猜测单词含义方法1.
cnsideratin
break+thrugh
breakthrugh
It's warm.
Put n a cat t warm himself.
方法2. [典例] 1. Cleaning up waterways is an enrmus task .The jb is s large, in fact, that the gvernment may nt be able t save sme f the rivers and lakes which have been plluted. 　2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ )By translating the rich and humrus text f Lve’s Labur’s Lst int the physical language f BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretatin f Shakespeare’s cmedy and aims t build a bridge between deaf and hearing wrlds by perfrming t bth grups as ne audience.
生词
同义词/近义词（上下文语境）
translating
1.Mst f us agreed, hwever, Bill dissented.2.(福建卷)If yu're tired f wandering arund the gym wasting time and becming bred，yu can attend an upbeat grup fitness class that'll keep yur wrkut n track. Q:The underlined wrd “upbeat” in the secnd paragraph prbably means “________”．A．cheerful B．average C．serius D．temprary
生词
信号词(but, hwever, yet,althugh...)/反义词（上下文语境）
利用同义词，近义词，反义词猜测词意(上下文)
方法3. That museum is s immense that it will be impssible t see all the exhibitins in ne day. [典例]　(2019·北京卷 )Phytplanktn(浮游植物) lives at the cean surface, where they pull carbn dixide int the cean while giving ff xygen. phytplanktn are vulnerable t the cean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics f the cean and can affect phytplanktn grwth, since they need nt nly sunlight and carbn dixide t grw... 43．What des the underlined wrd “vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?A．Sensitive B．Beneficial C．Significant D．Unnticeable
利用逻辑关系猜测词意(因果，转折，解释)
方法4． Tday yung cuples ften spend lts f their mney n appliances, fr instance, washing machines, refrigeratrs and clr televisins.[典例]　(2018·Ⅰ)In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin­state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant”in paragraph 2?A．Cmplex B．Advanced C．Pwerful D．Mdern
结合信号词推测词义（上下文语境）
利用例证猜测词意( such as, like,fr example...)
方法5. The self-driving vehicle is a great emblem f this data age, and that is t say ,it is a sign f time ... [典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If yu have a juicer, yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sftserve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children’s party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A．A dessert　　B．A drink C．A cntainer D．A machine
关键词（上下文）推测词意
利用同等关系猜测词意( that is, r,that is t say...)
方法6. When a dctr perfrms an peratin n a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic t make him uncnscius，because he des nt want his patient t feel pain r t knw what is happening t him.
利用 生活常识和文化背景
考向2： 代词的指代意义 (this, that, it, them, these, thse...)[典例]　(2017·全国卷)Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that. ... 29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?A．Jazz becming mre accessible. B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung. D．The jazz audience becming larger. 第一步　确定题干中的关键信息__________________________________________第二步　定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的内容(就近上指)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三步　综合判断得出答案__________________________________________________________
the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3
the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins
分析：that指代爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢 。
就近原则，向上(向下)搜索关键词
找出指代词(it, they, them, this..)
　考向3：句意猜测题——意义吻合定句意
[典例](2019·浙江卷 )Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”
24．What des the expressin “mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Mney spent withut hesitatin. B．Mney nt legally made.C．Mney ffered withut cnditins. D．Mney nt tied tgether.
第一步　确定题干中的关键信息__________________________________________第二步　定位到原句，并找出与该句相关的信息句__________________________________________第三步　综合判断得出答案__________________________________________
尽你所能，取你所需---无条件提供钱
结合语境，准确分析原句语法和逻辑关系
找出关键词句，合理推断，归纳总结
step2:微观入手 就近原则(上下搜索) 替换
构词法猜测: 合成 派生 转换
同义，近义词&反义词猜测: like but hwever...
逻辑关系猜测: 因果 转折 并列 解释 ...
例证猜测: such as fr instance...
同等关系猜测: that is that is t say...
生活常识文化背景: 上下文语境结合常识
对原句进行语法语义上进行准确分析，结合上下文合理推断
step1:宏观把握 结合语境分析原句 合理推断
Practise：1.(2016年 全国卷)Encuraging this kind f thingking has a dwnside.I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f A mistake B drawback C difficulty D burden
2.Other rad users, including hrse riders, manage t bey the rules s why nt cyclists?It is abut time they had t be registered and insured, s then they d hit a pedestrian r a vehicle, r cause an accident, at leat they can be traced and there might be an pprtunity t claim.A accidents B vehicles C pedestrains D cyclists
drawback---draw&back
3. 2017（Ⅲ）Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested B. Separated C. Frced ut D. Tracked dwn4. 2018（Ⅲ）Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?A. The mre, the better.B. Enugh is enugh.C. Mre mney, mre wrries.D. Earn mre and spend mre.
The characteristics f a right chice
含义和字面意思没有任何关系