2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于新高考新教材） 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练07　主旨大意题——文章大意类 Word版含解析

这是一份2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于新高考新教材） 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练07　主旨大意题——文章大意类 Word版含解析，共6页。
考点分类练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2022山东济南二模)Without sharp reductions in greenhouse gas emissions,climate change threatens future Winter Olympic Games because their locations would be too warm to host the events,a new study has found.If the world’s high emissions continue their trend,by the 2080s all but one of the 21 cities that previously hosted the Winter Games—Sapporo,Japan—would not be able to do so again.Among them,6 cities would be considered “marginal” while 14 would even be seen “unreliable”—meaning the right conditions for snow and athlete safety cannot be met.But that won’t necessarily happen if the world takes urgent action and follows the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement,according to Daniel Scott,the lead researcher for the University of Waterloo’s report.Under that deal,nearly 200 countries agreed to greatly cut their collective greenhouse emissions.Athletes and coaches surveyed by the researchers said they’re already seeing the effect climate change has on their sports.“Some of the coaches that did the survey have been coaches in the sport for 30 years,” Scott said.“They’ve traveled the world,back to the same competitions,and they’ve seen that certain competitions don’t happen,as regularly or uninterruptedly as they used to because of warmer temperatures.”The Summer Olympics are also feeling the effects of climate change.Tokyo’s Olympic and Paralympic Games are likely one of—if not—the hottest and most humid Games on record.Daily temperatures reached 80℉ high with high humidity(湿度) that could make it feel like 100℉.But winter sports seem more strongly influenced by the impact of a warmer world.During the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi,Russia,skiers were overheating in the same way a marathon runner would at nearly 90℉ weather.Due to the great impact,the study makes us worry that outdoor games may have to move indoors or be held at a different time of year altogether in order to accommodate higher temperatures.1.What does the underlined word “marginal” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Almost unqualified.B.Pretty satisfactory.C.Rather unpopular.D.Quite suitable.2.Why are Tokyo’s Olympics mentioned in paragraph 5?A.To show the spirit of the Olympics.B.To stress the impact of climate change.C.To reveal the cause of warmer climate.D.To compare summer and winter Olympics.3.What is the author’s attitude to the finding of the study?A.Conservative.B.Tolerant.C.Optimistic.D.Concerned.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Global climate change.B.Greenhouse gas emissions.C.The Winter Olympics crisis.D.The future Olympic Games. BMeta announced today that it exceeded(超越) one of its biggest environmental goals:it managed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 94 percent in 2021.It had previously promised to cut planet-heating emissions by 75 percent.The company said that it had also achieved its goal of “net zero emissions”.Meta also announced that it had achieved another goal:it now purchases enough renewable energy to cover 100 percent of its global operations,which includes its offices and data centers.But that doesn’t mean that all of its operations are actually powered by renewables like solar and wind energy—at least not yet.Renewable energy is on the rise,but most electricity grids(电网) still rely on fossil fuels.When companies can’t purchase enough renewable energy from utilities because there isn’t enough supply,they buy renewable energy certificates that signal that the company invested in renewable energy projects somewhere.Those projects can be located anywhere,and certificates have been sold for so cheap that experts say they don’t really lead to more renewable energy production.Meta also relies on renewable energy certificates,but it focuses on signing long-term contracts to support the construction of new solar and wind developments in the same places where it operates.It’s invested in 63 new renewable energy projects located on the same electrical grids as its data centers.Meta has recently also tried to limit misinformation about climate change on its platform.Last year,it launched a “Climate Science Information Center” in some countries.In the UK this year,it started adding a label to some posts about climate change that redirect people to its information center.It all comes on the heels of criticism from activists and policymakers over how misinformation about climate change festered on the site,including one famous case of Meta reversing(撤销) a “false” rating that its fact-checkers gave based on inaccurate information.5.What achievement did Meta gain recently?A.It totally used solar and wind energy for its operations.B.It cut down its climate pollution more than planned.C.It reached its goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions.D.It invested a new renewable energy project.6.How do the experts respond to the renewable energy certificate?A.They pay little attention to it.B.They have become bored with it.C.They think it is a waste of money.D.They think it brings little actual benefit.7.Which can best take the place of the underlined word “festered” in paragraph 4?A.Recognized.B.Exchanged.C.Worsened.D.Decreased.8.What is the text mainly about?A.Meta hit several key climate goals.B.Take action to prevent climate change.C.Renewable energy is mankind’s hope.D.Say no to greenhouse gas emissions.C(2022湖南湘潭高三第三次模拟)Tobogganing,or sledding(雪橇),likely comes before the colonization of North America.Records show that Canada’s first peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps.Raymond Flower writes that in The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports.But modern-day sled races can trace their origins back to the Swiss Alps in the late 1800s when British tourists decided to race in wooden luges (a sled used by one person) that locals had used to travel through snow.The origin is debatable in snowy northern New York,however,where there was evidence that Albany held bobsled (a sled used by two or more people) races as early as 1885.Wherever they began,sled races quickly became popular.The famous Cresta Run,named after the Swiss town near the base of its course,was built in 1885 using snowbanks.The first organized competition was in 1898,hosted by the first bobsled club in nearby St.Moritz (a city in Switzerland).It was then that sledding began to separate from the luge to include two new sports:bob sledding,and skeleton sledding(俯式雪橇).Cresta Run is considered the birthplace of the skeleton,a particularly daring form of sledding.Unlike the luge,where competitors ride feet first on a sled with metal runners,the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance.Riders lie down on the sled headfirst,then drop suddenly down an ice track.Bobsledding,meanwhile,involves teams of two to four in which the person in front controls directions and the player in back brakes when needed.It earned its name after competitors started swinging back and forth to speed up the sled.Bobsledding initially overtook skeleton sledding in popularity,becoming one of a handful of sports played at the first Winter Games in 1924.The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled.But in the 1970s,adjustments were made to both the skeleton and bob runs in order to include the event at future winter games.9.What can we infer about Raymond Flower?A.He is a writer.B.He is good at sledding.C.He invented the sledding race.D.He set the first record of sledding.10.How does skeleton sledding differ from the luge?A.Skeleton sledding runs on metal runners.B.Skeleton sledding doesn’t have back brakes.C.Riders on Skeleton sledding sled with their feet.D.Skeleton sledding needs players to lie down on it headfirst.11.What limited the popularity of skeleton sledding?A.Its special shape.B.Its speed.C.Its steel runners.D.Its unsuitable adjustments.12.What is the text mainly about?A.Why is sledding so popular?B.How did sledding develop in Switzerland?C.What are sledding adventures about?D.How did people kill time in North America?  
考点分类练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过一项研究介绍了全球变暖有可能会对冬奥产生的负面影响。1.A　解析: 词义猜测题。由第二段第一句可知,21个城市(除了日本北海道)将无法再次举办冬奥会;画线词后表示“甚至有14个城市会不可靠”,由此可知画线词应表示负面意义,且程度比unreliable轻,即画线词应表示“不合格”之意,故选A项。2.B　解析: 推理判断题。由第四段中第一句可知,运动员和教练们已经看到了气候变化对他们的体育项目的影响,而第五段提到“夏季奥运会也感受到了气候变化的影响”,由此可知,此处提到“东京奥运会”是为了强调气候变化的影响,故选B项。3.D　解析: 推理判断题。由文章最后一句“Due to the great impact,the study makes us worry that outdoor games may have to move indoors or be held at a different time of year altogether in order to accommodate higher temperatures.”可知,作者对研究发现表示担忧,担心冬奥会的户外项目会被迫改成室内或者只能在其他时间举办,故选D项。4.C　解析: 主旨大意题。文章第一段提到新的研究发现气候变化会威胁未来的冬奥会,最后一段表明作者担心冬奥会的户外项目会被迫改在室内或者只能在其他时间举办;文章虽然提到气候变化,但重点讲述其对奥运会,尤其冬奥会的负面影响,故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。Meta宣布它在2021年将温室气体排放量削减了94%,而近期Meta还宣布建立了新的“气候信息中心”,文章对相关信息做了说明。5.B　解析: 细节理解题。由第一段信息可知,Meta宣称2021年该公司温室气体排放量减少了94%,而此前曾承诺减少75%,由此可知,Meta减少的气候污染比原来计划的要多,故选B项。6.D　解析: 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Those projects can be located anywhere,and certificates have been sold for so cheap that experts say they don’t really lead to more renewable energy production.”可知,专家说可再生能源证书并没有真正带来更多可再生能源的产生,即没有什么实际益处,故选D项。7.C　解析: 词义猜测题。由画线词前的“It all comes on the heels of criticism from activists and policymakers over how misinformation about climate change”可推知,画线词应表示“恶化”之意,故选C项。8.A　解析: 主旨大意题。文章主要围绕Meta实现了关键的气候目标展开,该公司不仅在2021年温室气体排放量减少了94%,而且还成立了“气候科学信息中心”,故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展过程。9.A　解析: 推理判断题。由第一段中“Records show that Canada’s first peoples used small sleds to transport their belongings and food between camps.Raymond Flower writes that in The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports.”可以推知,Raymond Flower是一位作家,故选A项。10.D　解析: 细节理解题。由第三段中“Unlike the luge,where competitors ride feet first on a sled with metal runners,the skeleton sledding is a steel sled with a slim appearance.Riders lie down on the sled headfirst,then drop suddenly down an ice track.”可知,俯式雪橇与无舵雪橇的不同之处是俯式雪橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝前躺在上面,故选D项。11.C　解析: 细节理解题。由最后一段中“The skeleton sledding was limited to the Cresta Run for decades because other bob runs around the world were not built for the steel skeleton sled.”可知,俯式雪橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式雪橇,因此限制俯式雪橇普及的是它的钢骨架,故选C项。