八年级下册英语 动词不定式 教案
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学科 | 英语 | 年级/册 | 八年级（下） | 教材版本 | 人教版 | |
课题名称 | Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. | |||||
难点名称 | 能够分辨动词不定式在句中的作用和意义 | |||||
难点分析 | 从知识角度分析为什么难 | 动词不定式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表补足语、定语、状语等，没有人称和数的变化。加上动词不定式“to”还可以省略。具有一定难度 | ||||
从学生角度分析为什么难 | 学生受母语干扰在使用动词不定式时容易丢失“to”。另外一些可以省略动词不定式的词需要用歌诀记忆。对学生来说有难度。 | |||||
难点教学方法 |
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教学环节 | 教学过程 | |||||
导入 | 1.The National Day is coming, try to talk about your vacation plans. I(want/plan/would like/hope/expect/decide to… Watch TV Play football Go shopping Travel Play computer games Do some reading 2.Ask some students to talk about their plans with them.
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知识讲解 （难点突破） | 3.Presentation (1) Guess: Where am I going? What am I going to do? You may guess like this: Will you go to the library to read books? Will you go to… to…? (2) Ask students to say as many sentences as they can. (3) Explain “to” to the students.(infinitive as adverbial) (4) To be honest, you have to many things to do every day. Ask students to make sentences as many as possible. Explain the usage of infinitive. (infinitive as attributive) (5) Why do we do so many things? Maybe we do many things to achieve our dreams. Let’s talk about your dreams. My dream is to… (nurse/doctor/news reporter…).（infinitive as predicative） (6) We may be in trouble in our life. Let’s read and find Nancy’s problems. Nancy doesn’t know how to be popular. Can you give her some advice? It’s necessary for her to talk with her sister. It’s + adj/n.+ (for sb) to do sth (7) If Nancy is here, I will teach her to learn English.(infinitive as complet) What will you teach/help her to learn? I want her to do… (8) No matter how many problems you will meet, don’t give up! Let’s not worry about our problems. Let’s face the challenges instead. (9) 不定式作宾补省去 to的情况 一感觉:feel二听： hear， listen to。三使：let，make，have。四看：see watch，look at ，notice. （10）feel/watch /see /look at + do sth (动作的全部过程或经常性的动作) /doing sth (动作正在进行或者某个动作的 一部分 ) hear/notice /listen to + do sth(动作的全部过程或经常性的动作) /doing sth (动作正在进行或者某个动作的一部分 ) | |||||
课堂练习 （难点巩固） | 1.Fill in the blanks. 1.He often sees his pupils_______(play) football on the playground 2.Please tell your sister_________(come) here quickly. 3.Her mother told her____________(not read) in bed. 4.He found it hard__________(catch) up with his class. 5.Li Ming was too tired, so he stopped ______(have) a rest. 6.Remember______(tell) him about it before he goes away. 7.Let’s_______(watch) them play basketball, shall we ? 8.I want ________(take) these books to the classroom. 9.He made faces_________(make) the baby________(stop) crying. 2.Let’s match 1. Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 2. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 3. Eat to live, but not live to eat. 4. It is hard to please all. 5. It is never too old to learn. 6. To know everything is to know nothing. 7. To know oneself is true progress. 8. To save time is to lengthen life. A.众口难调 B.人贵自知 C.活到老，学到老 D.事事皆知，事事不懂 E.人人都有悦己之心 F.早睡又早起，健康、财富、智慧伴你行 G.珍惜时间等于延长生命 H.吃饭为了生存，但生存不能为了吃饭
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小结 | Today we have learned the infinitive .it can be used as subject, predicate, object, complent, attributive,adverbial. we should memorize the special usages of infinitive. | |||||
教师姓名 | ×× | 单位名称 | ×× | 填写时间 | ×年×月×日 |
学科 | 语文 | 年级/册 | 五年级（上） | 教材版本 | 人教版 |
课题名称 | 第七单元 21《长相思》 | ||||
难点名称 | 在移情想象中建构“故园”的丰富意象，体味“故园”的文化意蕴。 | ||||
难点分析 | 从知识角度分析为什么难 |
体味“故园”的文化意蕴，要通过理解诗句，展开想象，将凝固的语言转化为可感的画面，具有一定的难度。 | |||
从学生角度分析为什么难 | 这首词中，词人的内心矛盾和冲突学生较难感受，因为这高于五年级学生的情感经验和生活经验。 | ||||
难点教学方法 |
1.通过情境诵读和想象，感悟诗人天涯行役的相思之苦和相思之深。 2.通过讨论及问题探究，体验诗人身在征途、心系故园的矛盾心情。 | ||||
教学环节 | 教学过程 | ||||
导入 | 1.如果用一个词表达你读完这首词的感受，你想到了哪个词？ （艰难、悲壮、思乡、危险、豪迈、思念） 2.指名学生朗读（读出自己体会） | ||||
知识讲解 （难点突破） | 3.理解诗句。 （1）从哪一句词中读出了这种感受？ “山一程，水一程，身向榆关那畔行，夜深千帐灯。” ①作者此时身处何地？ ②想象：这边是故园，那边是榆关，中间隔着“山一程，水一程”，你想到了哪个词？ （跋山涉水）故园的人思念亲人，榆关的人走过了怎样的山，怎样的水？ 将士们走过“山一程，水一程”，越走越远，思念越走越长。 身在故园的人“遥望这山一程，水一程”，牵挂前方的亲人。 ③由晚上的“千帐灯”想到了什么？ 故园人的牵挂，榆关人的思念 跋山涉水的艰难 身向榆关的豪迈，壮观。 （2）“风一更，雪一更，聒碎乡心梦不成，故园无此声。” ①“更”在古代分为五更，每更大约2小时，风一更，雪一更，更更交替，体会边关环境的恶劣。 ②借助注释理解“聒碎”， 体会“聒碎乡心梦不成”实为“聒碎乡心梦难成”，就是因为那份思念。 ③体会作者用词的精妙。 上阕“一程一程”、下阕“一更一更”对仗应和，“一”虽为数字之首，却有连绵不绝之意，实为“一程一程又一程”，“ 一更一更又一更”。 ④“故园无此声” 想象：身在征途的将士们此时会想些什么？故园的亲人又会想些什么？难道故园真的无此声吗？故园的人看到风雪也会想念远在塞外的亲人。将士们思念故园的宁静，山水分隔的只是距离，但却隔不开牵挂思念的心。 ⑤指导朗读：读出风雪的肆虐、读出将士难以入睡、读出对家人的思念。 “山一程，水一程”隔不断思念的心，“风一更，雪一更”吹不散思乡的情。难怪作者长相思。齐读。 那就让这风雪带去故园的人对将士们的牵挂和思念吧。此时，身在榆关外的将士们，他们也让这风这雪带去自己对故园人的思念和怀念。 ⑥如果将这首词定格成一幅幅画面，当你的耳畔响起这样的声音，你的眼前会出现哪些画面让你印象深刻。 配乐朗读 | ||||
课堂练习 （难点巩固） | 4.提到“思乡”，在古诗词中，表达对家乡思念的诗句也有很多，有一些特定的“景”或者“物”都可以和思乡联系起来，比如： （指名回答） 举头望明月， 低头思故乡。 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 春风又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还。 露从今夜白，月是故乡明。 此夜曲中闻折柳，何人不起故园情？ 这么多古诗词当中，有明月寓相思，有书信寓相思，还有佳节寓相思。在纳兰性德这首《长相思》当中，他的相思又寓托在哪里呢？ 纳兰性德，他生在关内，长在关内，在这个初春的季节，他去塞外，冰雪未消，一切在他的眼中都是那么的荒凉，寂寞。难怪他会思念。寒冷的帐外，帐内的点点灯光应该是最温暖的，这一暖一寒，更让纳兰性德和无数将士们心里想着故园。带着这份思念，带着这份想念，一起走进《长相思》。 在纳兰性德的笔下，他将思乡之情寓于风雪之中，将这份不得不离，不得不别的牵挂写在这首长相思中。 配乐朗读。 | ||||
小结 | 当一个人的身和他的内心相统一的时候，我们叫做“身心合一”，而此时的纳兰性德，一生跟康熙皇帝出巡无数次，他早已厌倦了这样的征途，所以这种离别是不得不忍的离别，这种跋山涉水是不得不进行了山一程，水一程，这种听风沐雪也是他不得不的。那当他的身和心分开的时候，此时，纳兰性德的身在哪里？心在哪里？（身在征途、心系故园） 全班配乐朗读。 | ||||
八年级英语上册知识点归纳
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
【重点语法】
不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
用法注意：
1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。
some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。
2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。
3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting
【重点短语】
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物
2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing...but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有
4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事
8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事
17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
【词语辨析】
1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照
quite a few+名词复数 “许多…”
2. seem + 形容词 看起来…... You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
It seems + 从句 似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like ... 好像，似乎….. It seems like a good idea.
3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达......”
arrive at +小地点
（注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如： arrive here; get home）
4. feel like sth 感觉像…
feel doing sth. 想要做某事
5. wonder（想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。
6. because of +名/代/V-ing
because+从句
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
7. enough +名词 足够的…...
形容词/副词+enough
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
【重点语法】
1. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never
频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。
2.“次数”的表达方法
一次 once， 两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,
3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。
常见的how疑问词：
1）How soon 多久（以后）
—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？
—He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。
2）how long “多久”
—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？
—It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。
3）How many+名复
How much+不可名
“多少” 问数量（how much 还可问价格）
【重点短语】
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. eating habits 饮食习惯
8. take more exercise 做更多的运动
9. the same as 与什么相同
10. be different from 不同
11. once a month一月一次
12. twice a week一周两次
13.make a difference to 对......有影响/作用
14. most of the students=most students
15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
16. be good for 对......有益
17. be bad for 对......有害
18. come home from school放学回家
19. of course = certainly = sure 当然
20. get good grades 取得好成绩
21. keep/be in good health 保持健康
22. take a vacation 去度假
【词语辨析】
1. maybe / may be
maybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是...，也许是...，大概是...”.
The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry.
The woman may be a teacher.
2. a few / few / a little / little
People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150.
There is little time left. I won’t catch the first bus.
Could you give me a little milk?
3. hard / hardly
hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly为副词，意为“几乎不”。
The ground is too hard to dig.
I can hardly understand them.
It’s raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。
如： As for him，I never want to see him here.
至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'd better not believe it.
关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
5. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
6. percent 名词，意为“百分之……”
百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent (不用复数形式)，percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。
50％：fifty percent 百分之五十
Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。
Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱
7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。
The story isn’t interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。
8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。
It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。
9. take, spend, pay
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。
人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。
人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。
pay 的主语必须是人，而“花钱买某物”为pay...for...
10. however 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。
Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
【重点语法】
1. 形容词和副词的比较等级
（1）形容词和副词的原形就是原级
（2）比较级，表示较……或更……
（3）最高级， 表示最...。
2. 比较级句型:
（1）A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”（注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）
（2）“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”
（3）比较A ，B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型：
“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?”
Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?
3. 比较级的特殊用法
（1）“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”
（2）“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是：”越…越…”The more, the better.
（3）主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”
4. 两者在某一方面相同： A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.
Helen is as tall as Amy.
Peter studies as hard as Tom.
表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”
I am not as tall as my sister.
5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。
当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。
【重点短语】
1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗
2. as...as...与…… 一样
3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛
4. the most important 最重要的
5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋
6. the same as 与……相同
7. care about 关心/留意/关注
8. be different from 与…...不同
9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子
10. as long as 只要；与…...一样长
11. bring out 显示/显出
12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩
13. reach for 伸手达到/达到
14. touch one’s heart 感动
15. in fact 事实上
16. make friends 交朋友
17. be good at 在某方面成绩好
18. the other 另一个
19. be similar to 与…相似
20. be good with 与…和睦相处
21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心
have fun doing sth 做某事很开心
22. do the same things as me. 做和我一样的事情
23. It’s+adj+（for sb.）to do sth. “做某事（对某人来说）是...的 ”
24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
25. as long as 只要；既然，引导条件状语从句
【词语辨析】
1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长......
2. care about 关心
care for 关爱
take care (当/小心)
take care of (照顾)=look after
3. make sb. do sth. ： 让(使)某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式）
His father always make me get up before five o'clock.
make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态
My friends always make me happy.
4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.
look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.
5. That’s why+句子：那就是…的原因/那就是为什么…
That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。
6. be different from 与……不同
反：be the same as 与…… 相同
7. though
① adv. 不过；可是；然而（句末补充说明使语气减弱）
② conj. 虽然；尽管=although，与but 不能同时用在一个句子中
He said he would come. He didn’t, though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。
Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.
尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。
8. get better grades 取得更好的成绩
9. does(助动词do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。
10. be good with sb. 与某人相处得好
Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?
【重点语法】
1. 形容词最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。
标志词：表比较范围时用in/of
形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可省略the。
2. 表示“三者（或以上）中最……的”的句型
1）A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围（in/of介词短语）
2）A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语
3. 常用句式
1) Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?
2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最…之一”。
3）序数词后跟形容词最高级
【重点短语】
1. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止
2. no problem 没什么，别客气
3. have….in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同
4. be up to 由…...决定/是…...的职责
5. all kinds of … 各种各样的……
6. play a role in doing sth./ sth. 发挥作用，有影响
7. make up 编造（故事、谎言等）
8. for example=e.g. 例如
9. take …..seriously 认真对待
10. not everybody 并不是每个人
11. close to 离..….近
12. more and more 越来越……
【词语辨析】
1. How do you like +名/代/V-ing=What do you think of ：“ 你认为…怎么样？”
2. Thanks for=Thank you for +名/代/V-ing:“感谢…”
3. You’re welcome. =Not at all. 不客气
4. talent 名（可）天赋
talent show 才艺表演
talented adj. 有天赋的
be talented in 在......方面有天赋
5. be good at 擅长… (＝ do well in)
反义短语：be poor / weak in 在...方面薄弱
be good for 对……有益，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是be bad for
be good to 对……好(和善；慈爱)，相当于 be friendly to，后面通常接人
6. all kinds of 各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的
a kind of 一种…...
* kind of 有点+ adj.： kind of boring / fat /thin
7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者
8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事
watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事
9. 举例：such as 常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on(等等)连用；like可和such as互换；for example 一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/句末。
Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?
【重点语法】
1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of …?=How do you like…?
2. 描述喜好I love/ like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…
3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他； 主语（三单）+V(三单)+其他)
【重点短语】
1. find out 查出/发现
2. be ready to do 准备做…
3. dress up 打扮/化妆成
4. take one's place 代替某人
5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色
6. think of 想到/思考
7. game show 游戏节目
8. learn from 向…...学习
9. talk show 访谈节目
10. soap opera 肥皂剧
11. go on 继续
12. watch a movie 看电影
13. one of… 其中之一
14. try one’s best to =do one’s best to 竭尽全力
15. a pair of 一双
16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名
17. look like 看起来像
18. around the world 世界各地
19. have a discussion about 讨论…...
20. one day 有一天/某一天
21. such as 例如
22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志
23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情
24. interesting information 有趣的信息
【词语辨析】
1. want + n 想要……
want to do sth 想要做某事
want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事……
2. mind 介意，其后+名词/代词/V-ing
3. stand
1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立
2) “忍受” (多用于否定句、疑问句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing
4. plan vt. & vi.计划, 打算，plan to do sth.
plan 还可作名词，如：make plans 制定计划
5. v. discuss (讨论) + ion→ n. discussion
had a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论
6. happen v. 发生; 出现
sth+ happens to sb.”或“sth happened + 时间/地点”句式
7. 情态动词
may 语气弱于can，意为“可能”
might 表推测，语气最弱，意为“可能”
may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为“可能不”
They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。
8. expect to do sth. 期盼做某事
hope to do sth: 希望干某事
很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：
want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask
9. be famous as 作为……而出名
be famous for sth. 因为......而出名
10. one of… 后跟可数名词复数，表示…之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。
One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。
11. show n. 节目 TV shows/ talent shows；v. 展示 show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth.
Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为…..”
I want to be (be) a scientist when I grow up.
2. write stories 写故事
tell stories 讲故事
3. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事（表动作的反复）
keeping doing sth. 保持做某事（表动作或状态的持续）
4. be sure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”
Are you sure about that?
make sure (that)+从句“…...确保...…”
Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out.
5. learn sth. We must learn English every day.
learn to do sth. I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano.
6. discuss v. 讨论；商量 名词是discussion
discuss with sb. 与某人讨论 :
Discuss this question with your partner.
Let’s discuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。
All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论。
7. be able to do sth. 能够做某事
（1）can : can+动词原形，无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将来时。
be able to + 动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。
（2）can 常指客观上能够；be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。
He will be able to(能够) speak English next year.（在此不能填can）
8. promise n. 承诺；诺言 v. 许诺；承诺；答应
make a promise(to sb) （对某人）许下诺言
keep a promise 遵守诺言
break a promise 违背诺言
promise (sb) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事
promise (sb) +that 从句
He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。
I promised that I study hard from now on. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。
9. have to do with 关于；与……有关系
The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。
10. take up sth./doing sth.（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做
I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。
11. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
too+形容词/副词 to+动词原形，表示“太…...而不能...…”如：
The kid is too young to play this game. 这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。
12. one’s own +名词 “某人自己的东西”， 强调某物为个人所有
my own book 我自己的书本
【重点语法】
一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构
1. 基本形式
否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形
一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他？
特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？
He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗？
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么？
2. 基本用法
（1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
（2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。
Unit7 Will people have robots?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. many+可数名词 许多......
much +不可数名词 许多......
2. live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”
3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中
4. play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事
Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
5. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事
He often helps me with my English.
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助（某人）做……
He often helps me study English.
help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)
Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼
6. the same as… 和……一样...... 反义短语： be different from
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定）
It takes me an hour to get to my office.
spend time／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）
sb. spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。
I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。
They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
8. hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量......
数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百......
类似的数词还有thousand（千） , million（万）
There are four hundred students in our grade.
There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.
9. during 在…期间
during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend
10. the meaning of …...的意思
Can you tell me the meaning of the words?
Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. cut是“切, 割”的意思，过去式为cut。
cut up 意为“切碎”
Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.
Cut it /them up.
2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)
turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等)
turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等)
turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等)
3. one more thing 另外一件事情
another ten minutes 再多十分钟
数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的……
another + 数字 + 物品 指“另外的……
当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用 another。
Give me two more hamburgers？
another two hamburgers
4. forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。
5. It’s a time （for sb）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期了
It’s time （for sb.）to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。
It’s a time for you to study English.
It’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
6. give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”
We should give thanks for our parents.
He gave thanks for life and food.
7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.
by +sth./doing :
1）以…...方式 I study English by listening to English songs.
2）在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.
3）在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.
4）搭乘 I go to school by bus.
8. Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句
Here is a photo of my family.
Here are+名复
Here are some English books.
当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错)
9. fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)
be full of“装满…”(强调状态)
I filled the cup with the milk.
The cup is full of the milk.
10. put…in(into)… 把…...放到...… 里
11. cover…with… 用…...覆盖
12. cut …into 把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.
cut up… 切碎
13. serve v. 服务 n. service
serve +名/代 “提供…” The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.
Unit9 Can you come to my party?
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. one…another… 表示不确定数目中的另一个
one…the other… 表示两者中的另一个
I don't like this one, can you show me another?
I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a manager.
some…others… 表示没有范围限定的“一些…...另一些...…”
some…the others… 表示某一范围的“一些...…其余的…...”
Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus.
Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus.
2. invite v. 邀请 n. invitation
invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”
invite sb. to+地点名词
1) Mr. Green invited me to visit his factory last week.
2) Thanks a lot for your invitation
3) Thanks for inviting me to your party.
3.（1）What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号？” It’s +月+日。
（2）What day is it today? 意为“今天是星期几？”It’s + 星期几。
—What’s the date? —It’s September 10th.
—What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.
4. have a lesson(class) 上课
have an English lesson
5. prepare v. 准备 n. preparation
prepare sth. “准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。
prepare for sth. “为……做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备
prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”
6. bring...to…“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方
take…to …“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。
（两者方向相反）
Bring your homework here, and take the book away.
把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。
7. without（介词）没有 反义词：with“具有”
We can’t live without water.
Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.
8. so that +从句： 以便于；目的是
I study hard so that I can get good grades.
9. surprise n. 惊奇
surprised adj. 感到惊奇的（指人）
surprising adj. 令人惊奇的（指物）
be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事”
to one’s surprise “令某人惊奇的是”
① I’m surprised at the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。
② To my surprise, he left without leaving a word. 令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了。
10. look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing
I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复。
I look forward to seeing you again.
11. hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。
I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got a letter from my friend yesterday.
12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.
13. how to do that. “该怎么做” ，疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语
I don’t know how to make a banana milk shake.
I don’t know what to do.
14. at the end of “在…末尾”
Now, it is at the end of 2014.
反义短语：at the beginning of “ 在…开始”
15. be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事
I am glad to see you.
16. reply to sb./sth.“回复…”
Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函”
【重点语法】
一. 表示邀请的句型
1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?
2. Would you like to..( Would you like to my party)?
接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.
拒绝:：① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 )
② I’d love/like to, but I … (理由)
3.I’m afraid not. I…(理由)
二. must与have to
1. must 表示主观“必须”；must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.
2. have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (没必要)
—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗？
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.
Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!
【重点词语/短语用法解析】
1. have a great time 意为“玩得愉快”，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good / wonderful / nice time
have a great / good time in (doing) sth. 做某事很开心
2. ask sb.（not）to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事
The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of homework.
3. order sth. from +地点“从某地订购食物”
I want to order some books from the book store.
4. keep…to oneself 保守秘密
5. unless conj. 除非；如果不
unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下，才决定做或不做一件事。=if...not
The concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon.
6. be afraid to do sth. 害怕干某事
I’m afraid to speak in front of other people.
be afraid of sth. 害怕某事
He told me not to be afraid of difficulties.
be afraid +that从句
I’m afraid that I can’t finish on time
7. be angry with sb.
We were angry with him for keeping us waiting.
be angry at/about sth.
He is angry at/about your answer.
I was very angry at what he said.
8. in the end 最后；终于= at last/ finally
at the end of 在...末端；到...尽头
He married the nice girl in the end/at last/finally.
The school is at the end of the street.
9. careless adj. 粗心的；反义词：careful， 意为“小心的”。
The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。
He is more careful than me. 他比我认真。
10. advise v.“劝告；建议”n. advice, 是不可数名词.
Give me some advice!
advise doing sth. 建议做某事。
advise sb.（not）to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事
I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。
I advise him not to sleep late every day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉。
11. It’s best (not) to do sth. 最好（不）做某事
It’s best to speak English every day.
12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “逃避”
13. cut …in half “切成两半”
【重点语法】
if条件句
if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思，引导条件状语从句，if从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。
注意：在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时。
PS：在when（当…时候）, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。
如： I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打电话。
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