初中英语中考复习 考点03 数词和主谓一致-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）

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考点三   数词和主谓一致一、数词命题趋势：   数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。中考考查重点：    1. 基数词；2. 序数词；3. 分数。数词的分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。考向一：基数词的构成(1)0—12单独记。如： zero, one, two, three等。(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如：fourteen, seventeen等，但13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen需要特殊记。(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty等。(4)＂几十几＂要加连字符号＂-＂。48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。(5)＂几百几十＂或者＂几百几十几＂在＂百＂后加and。156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作million(百万)，第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)，hundred后莫忘＂and＂。3,610＝three thousand six hundred and ten；94,295＝ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five；考向二：序数词的构成first                 1stsecond              2ndthird                3rdfourth               4thfifth                5thsixth                6thseventh              7theighth               8thninth                9thtenth               10theleventh                 11thtwelfth                  12ththirteenth                13thfourteenth               14thfifteenth                 15thsixteenth                16thseventeenth              17theighteenth               18thnineteenth               19thtwentieth                20thtwenty-first                     21sttwenty-second                  22ndthirtieth                        30thfortieth                        40thfiftieth                         50thsixtieth                        60thseventieth                      70theightieth                       80thninetieth                       90thhundredth                     100thone hundred and first            101st(1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分别是first, second, third。(2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都在相应基数词后面加＂th＂构成。如：fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加＂-eth＂。如：thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。基数词变序数词记忆口诀基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th。一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty将y变成i，th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie，要是遇上两位数，十位基数，个位序，th最后加上去。考向三：分数的表达法   分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。►1/3  one third    7/9  seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：►a half 二分之一       a quarter =one fourth 四分之一    three quarters=three fourth 四分之三【典例】【2020·辽宁丹东】The words from Page 1 to Page 3 are very clear. But the ones on the ________ page are not. A. first   B. two    C. three    D. fourth考向四：数词和主谓一致就近一致原则。2. 意义一致原则。3. 语法一致原则。【典例】【2020·湖北鄂州中考】Because of the special situation this year, about ________ of the students in our school ________ having classes on the Internet at home.A. two thirds; are B. two third; is C. second thirds; are D. two thirds; is二、主谓一致命题趋势：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。  中考考查重点：    主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。   主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。考向一：主谓一致的三个原则1. 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。【典例】【2020 •四川达州】—Ma Yun as well as Ren zhengfei _______ tons of attention wherever they go.—Yeah, they are very successful. We believe that struggle(奋斗) creates history and hard work makes a _______ future.   A. gets; brightly                          B. get; bright   C. gets; bright                           D. get; brightly2. 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。These books are old. 这些书是旧的。【典例】【2020 •黑龙江绥化】My family ______ for dinner now. We're busy. A. is preparing   B are preparing    C. prepares3. 就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。【典例】【2020 •辽宁营口】Not only Jim but also Lucy ______ a few cities since they came to China.   A. will visit   B. visited    C. have visited   D. has visited 【知识归纳】 含义例句语法一致指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。考向二：并列结构作主语由and或both... and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。考向三：＂名词+介词短语＂作主语名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。考向四：不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗？ Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。【典例】【2020•黑龙江齐齐哈尔】To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their teacher ________ going to the party this evening.A. was          B. are         C. is考向五：There be和Here be的就近原则There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。【典例】【2020 •上海】There_________ more than two ways to solve this maths problem.A.am                B. is            C. are            D.be考向六：特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。考向七：表数量概念的词或短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。考向八：动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。【典例】【2020江苏常州】To the west of our school_____ some bookstores and a park.A. lies         B. lie        C. has       D. have【辨析】其他情况例句and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。当not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. There are __________(seven) days in a week. The __________(seven) day is Saturday.2. — What does the fresh juice contain?—Four fifths of the juice __________(be) orange. It’s very pure.3. Now the students each _____________(have) an English-Chinese dictionary.4. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I __________________________(be) good at drawing.5. Every year, __________(thousand) of books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.II. 单项选择。1. A number of boys __________ singing songs. The number of boys _________ getting larger and larger.  A．are； is       B．is； are        C．is； is         D．are； are2. Andy, with his parents, ______________ to Hong Kong, and they will stay there for a week. A．have gone         B．has gone　   C．have been 　        D．has been3. —How much ______________ the pair of shoes?—Twenty dollars ______________ enough.  A．is； is           B．is； are           C．are；is           D．are； are4. Li Ming will be _______. His parents are going to have a party for _______ birthday.A． sixteen； sixteenth       B．sixteenth； sixteenthC．sixteen； sixteen        D．sixteenth； sixteen5. Please pass me ________ book on the right.A. four B. fourth C. the four D. the fourth1. (2020·辽宁丹东中考) Fresh water ________ more important than anything else. A. is    B. are    C. was    D. were2. (2020·贵州安顺) As we all know, using public chopsticks______ necessary when we eat with others.A.is     B. are     C. was3. (2020·甘肃天水) Not only Jim but also his sister ______ a few cities in the south since they came to China.A. have visited      B. has visited     C. visited      D. visits4. (2020·四川广元中考) Tom, together with his friends, often         to the old people’s home to cheer the old up.A. go             B. going                C. goes5. （2020·黑龙江牡丹江市） —The talent show Youth With You（青春有你）is becoming hotter and hotter online.   —Exactly. Half of our class             interested in it recently.   A. is       B. are          C. was 6. （2020·黑龙江大庆）On the left of the playground ________ the library. There ________ many books and computers in it.  A. are; is   B. is; are   C. are; are  D. is; is7. (2020·广西百色) The environment here becomes better and better. __________ birds are coming back.A. Hundred      B. Hundreds        C. Thousand             D. Thousands of8. (2020·江苏镇江中考) Peng Min finally became the winner of ________ season of CCTV's Chinese Poetry Conference.A. five              B. fifth             C. the fifth       D. fifths9. (2020·四川达州中考)—It’s said that the two _______ doctors have just come back from Wuhan.   —Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their _______.   A. woman; sixty                         B. women; sixtieth   C. women; sixties                        D. woman; sixties10. (2020·贵州黔东南) — Dear, how is your homework going?— Oh, mom, I've just finished ________ of it.A. second three   B. two third   C. second threes  D. two thirdsI. 单项选择。1. 【2020 • 安徽省芜湖市九年级毕业暨升学模拟考试（三）】The number of students in our school _______ 620 and a number of them _______ from the same village.A. is, is B.  are, are C. is, are D. are, is2.【2020 • 上海市长宁区、金山区一模】Not only Tom but also Gail      fond of watching football games every summer.A．is             B．are            C．was              D．were3.【2020 •广东珠海市北大附属实验中学九年级上学期10月调研】—Not only Tom’s parents but also Tom ______ traveling is a good way to experience different cultures.           —So do I.A. thinks B. think C. doesn’t think D. don’t think4.【2019 • 山东青岛市集团校联考初中学生学业水平模拟考试】The number of the students in my class _____ fifty. A large number of them _____ from the countryside.A．is, are      B．is, is         C．are, is     D．are, are5.【2019 • 山东省蒙阴县九年级下学期期中测试一轮考试英语试题】There_____ a basketball game between these two grades in the gym this afternoon.A．will    B．is going to have    C．is going to be    D．will have6.【2020 • 天津河西区模拟】—How old is your daughter?—________ . We had a wonderful party for her________ birthday yesterday.A. Nine; nine B. Nine; ninth C. Ninth; ninth D. Ninth; nine7.【2020 • 甘肃省张掖市第二学期第一次模拟考试】It’s said that ______ of the water around the world ______ polluted.A. two third; has B. two thirds; haveC. two third; are D. two thirds; is8.【2019 •山东省滨州市无棣城区联考九年级初中学生学业水平模拟考试英语试题】       visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.A．Thousand B．Thousand of C．Thousands D．Thousands of9.【2019 • 天津西青区模拟题】He climbed so fast that he reached the _______ floor in _______ minutes.A. nine; two B. nine; second C. ninth; second D. ninth; two10.【2020 • 湖北省襄阳市襄阳阳光学校一模】— Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.— That's           of the world's total.A．two third    B．two-third    C．two thirds    D．two threeII. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1. Neither the children nor the teacher __________(know) anything about it.2. Here _________(be) a letter and some books for you.3. There ______(be) a banana and some apples in my bag.4. Two kilometers ______(be) a long way to go on foot.5. We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her __________(seventy) birthday.