初中英语中考复习 秘籍13 阅读理解（二）-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 秘籍13 阅读理解（二）-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版），共13页。试卷主要包含了解题方法，理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图等内容，欢迎下载使用。
秘笈13 阅读理解（二） 考向1 阅读理解之议论文议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。二、解题方法：一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨 标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。 二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解 除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。 三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图 做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。 四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧 由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。 总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。考向2 阅读理解之应用文一、文章类型 阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。二、满分技巧 解答广告图表类题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目。纵观历年各省市的中考题可以看出广告图表类的文章在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重，一般四篇阅读理解中至少有一篇是广告图表类。广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列。1．忌主观印象。少数题目可能根据生活常识就可选出答案，而绝大多数不是这样，甚至常常会常识相距甚远。因此，同学们在做题时，要严格按照文章来选择答案，在文章中找到确实的证据再判断答案。2．忌一个词一个词默读，或在难懂的地方磨蹭。考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度，因此做阅读理解时，要采用提高阅读速度的视读，并提高自己的视读速度，切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。考生在阅读应用文这类材料时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。A（2019·江苏省盐城初三联考）SeaWorldSeaWorld celebrates 50 years with a Sea of Surprises. Step under the waves at SeaWorld San Diego's all-new Explorers' Reef. Go "hand-in" to touch a shark, a crab, or thousands of tiny cleaner fish that will bite playfully at your fingers. And you can enjoy an all-new Shamu's Celebration: Light Up The Night show.TOUR: A14ADULT:＄111CHILD(3-10)＄105San Diego ZooTake a walk on the wild side at the San Diego Zoo with one of the most kinds of wild animals in the world. The San Diego Zoo covers 100 acres and brings 4, 000 animals, representing 800 kinds; together in one place. The Zoo has some of the most beautiful and rare creatures in the world and offers you a great chance to visit wild animals.TOUR: A13ADULT: $90CHILD (3-11): $ 72 Legoland CaliforniaOffering a full day of wonderful adventures, Legoland gives fun, imagination, and entertainment to today's youngsters and their families. At Legoland California everyone in the family becomes a hero on more than 50. super rides, shows and attractions.TOUR: A16ADULT: $109CHILD(2-12) $104Universal Studios HollywoodGo behind the scenes on the world famous Studio Tour to explore where Hollywood movies are made. Then, face exciting rides, shows and attractions that put you inside some of the world's biggest movies.TOUR: A6ADULT: $ 138 CHILD (3-12) : $ 96  1．Tom, aged 11, who has only $100 and is crazy about rides, can choose Tour ______.A．A6 B．A13 C．A14 D．A162．It can be known from the passages that ______.A．visitors can step under the waves and enjoy 50 shows and attractions at SeaWorldB．the San Diego Zoo covers 100 acres with one of the most kinds of wild animals in the worldC．youngsters and their families can enjoy a half day of wonderful adventures in LegolandD．you will be put inside all of the world's biggest movies in Universal Studios Hollywood3．The four passages above probably come from ______.A．a sports report B．a story bookC．a science magazine D．an advertisement poster B（2019·福州三牧中学初三期中） It is true that people with better education are usually able to get better paying jobs. In other words, they have more chances to choose a good job while people with little or no education don’t. It seems that the purpose of education is to make people get jobs. But this isn’t accepted by all people.Some people may think that a person should spend the best years of his life to get education only for a way of living. This was probably one of the earliest reasons of education. In fact, if education is just a way of making a living, people don’t need to spend so much time in school. People can get education for a living in a short time. Subjects like history and geography need not be taught to everyone. Even language and mathematics need not be taught in detail(详细地), either. Here it is clear that education is much more than teaching a man to get a way of living.Education is well-rounded and it is mainly for improving a man. It is not only to teach him to speak, read and write, but also to develop his creative (有创造力的) thinking and other abilities. After that, it is to make him a wise man and thankfully enjoy the achievements (成果) of human. Education is to make a man lead a better life. Educated people are expected to be able to listen to good music, read good books, watch plays and most of all take an interest in the world.I would agree that making a good living is an important reason for education, but certainly not the most important or the main reason.1．People with little education usually ______.A．spend a long time in school B．have a good chance to get a jobC．spend the best years to choose jobs D．have fewer chances to get a good job2．The earliest education was probably to______.A．make a man lead a better life B．make people get a way of livingC．teach a man to write and think D．teach people to read good books3．The underlined word “well-rounded” in the passage means “______” in Chinese.A．圆满的 B．崭新的 C．全面的 D．公平的4．It is hoped that educated people will be able to ______.A．take an interest in the whole worldB．develop their abilities to make playsC．accept education as a way of livingD．learn subjects like language and math5．The passage mainly tells us that ______.A．people can get education in a short timeB．education should make a man improveC．people should be able to get better paying jobsD．all subjects are so important for a way of living C（2019·河北保定师范附属学校初三月考）①Colors are often used to describe feelings. For example, if you “feel blue”, it means that you're sad. A person who "sees red" is angry, and someone who's “tickled pink” is happy about something. Besides expressing feelings, though, colors may also influence our actions.②In Japan, officials have put in blue lights around railroad platforms to discourage people from jumping in front of trains. As a result, certain stations with the blue lights have seen an 84 percent drop in suicide(自杀) numbers. Pink has been believed to prevent crimes. In the United States, rooms in prison(监狱) were painted this color to calm prisoners. In sports, some visiting teams have had to use all-pink locker rooms, which were meant to weaken the team and make them lose.③Unlike pink, red may let you gain an upper hand in sports. Sportsmen who wore red were found to have a slightly higher chance of winning. Red is also believed to be the color of energy and power.④The ways in which colors affect us may be a result of nature and evolution(进化). Red is the color of fire and blood. So it is connected to life, danger. Yellow describes sunny days and can make us feel energetic and happy, while blue relaxes us with images of the sea and the sky.⑤Other factors relating our reactions to colors are culture and history. In the past, the process to produce purple is difficult, and only kings and nobles could afford things in purple. As a result, the color became a royal symbol.⑥As you can see, colors shape how we understand the world. They are seen in all parts of life and they can influence us in ways that we may not notice.1．How do we describe somebody who is feeling happy?______A．She feels blue. B．She sees red.C．She is tickled pink. D．She becomes yellow.2．According to the article, what is one way to weaken an opposing (对方)team in sports?______A．Appearing in blue sportswear. B．Painting their locker rooms pink.C．Showing them the color yellow. D．Using purple as your team's symbol.3．According to the article, which of the following is NOT true about colors?______A．People's actions to colors are decided by nature rather than culture.B．Purple became a symbol of royalty because it was hard for the public to get.C．Both blue and pink can make people feel less angry, worried, and excited.D．Red is connected to danger because of nature and evolution.4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?______A．A B．B C．C D．D D（2019·西宁中学初三二模）Many people have been making fun of Paris Hilton online recently. The 36-year-old US actress and model said on social media that she “invented” the selfie (自拍) in 2006, posting a photo of her and Britney Spears as “proof”. Internet users immediately proved her wrong, posting evidence (证据)of selfies that appeared much earlier in history.In one example, a user posted a selfie that Buzz Aldrin, the famous astronaut, took a picture of himself in space in 1966. But perhaps the funniest example was a black-and-white selfie that was taken by American photographer Robert Cornelius in 1839. It is quite possibly the first selfie ever taken in history.Why do people love to take selfies so much? Is it because we’re naturally vain (虚荣的) and proud? Maybe it’s actually the opposite--perhaps we feel insecure (没有安全感的) or shy. So we take photos of ourselves, post them online and wait for people to give us compliments (称赞).Taking selfies can be dangerous, though. For example, if you take one while you’re on holiday and post it online, some thieves might see it and know that you aren’t home. They then might break into your home and steal your things while you’re away.There are even people who have died while taking selfies. According to Forbes magazine, 127 people around the world died while taking selfies from 2014 to 2016. It can be very dangerous to take selfies while standing near high places, like roofs and cliffs (悬崖). Taking selfies underwater or on train tracks is also quite dangerous. So be careful out there if you decide to take some.1．The underlined word “proof” in Paragraph 1 means ______.A．消息 B．证据 C．例子 D．历史2．Which may be the earliest selfie, according to the story?______A．Paris Hilton and Britney Spears’ selfie. B．Buzz Aldrin’s selfie in space.C．A color photo taken by an American scientist. D．A black-and-white photo of Robert Cornelius.3．What is the main idea of the third paragraph?______A．Paris Hilton is insecure and shy. B．Why people enjoy taking selfies.C．Why people are naturally vain. D．Taking selfies is a good way to make friends.4．What can we learn from paragraphs 4 and 5?______A．Taking selfies can be dangerous.B．There are no advantages to taking selfies.C．Every year, 127 people die from taking selfies, on average.D．Taking selfies near cliffs is more dangerous than underwater.5．If you are the writer, what will you write at the end of the passage?______A．Selfies have been around for longer than you think.B．There is no need to take selfies near high places.C．No selfie is worth risking your life for— no matter how good it might look.D．People will lose their lives while taking selfies.ASports ClubDoing sports is popular among the people of all ages. Come and join the Sports Club！You will have a strong body. And it'll be great fun.Place: Guang'an StadiumTime: 8：30 a．m.－11：00 a．m. every dayPrice: FreeTelephone: 0826­2468789Music ClubDo you like music? Join the Music Club! We have many instruments here: violins，pianos，guitars and drums. You can choose what you want.Place: Lingyun RoadTime: 9：30 a．m.－5：00 p．m. on Saturday and SundayPrice: 300 yuanTelephone: 0826­6223735English ClubDo you want to learn English well？Come here and you can improve your English.Place: Bingjiang English ClassroomTime: 6：00－7：00 on Sunday eveningPrice: 218 yuanTelephone: 0826­2368987Art ClubAre you a fan of art？Join us and you can see many famous works of art. There is also a painting class for you.Place: Qingyuan StreetTime: 6：30 a．m.－8：30 a．m. on weekdaysPrice: 200 yuanTelephone: 0826­5119876 1．Tony loves painting，so he can join the______.A．Sports Club B．Music ClubC．Art Club D．English Club2．Jean is in the Music Club. She can go there______.A．on Saturday B．on Monday eveningC．on Friday evening D．every day3．How much will you pay if you want to join the Art Club?______A．Free. B．200 yuan.C．300 yuan. D．218 yuan.4．You want to join the Sports Club.You should go to______.A．Lingyun Road B．Qingyuan StreetC．Bingjiang English Classroom D．Guang'an Stadium5．Which number should you call if you want to join the English Club?______A．0826­2468789. B．0826­6223735.C．0826­5119876. D．0826­2368987. BDo you want your children to eat fresh food? Then bring them to Hawthrone Valley Farm. What you can do?For children:Learn about different vegetables, fruits and animals:Pick vegetables and fruits and feed animals;Help make lunch and have lunch at the farmer’s house;Take a kilo of fruit home when leaving.For parents:Enjoy fresh food and buy fresh food;Go outdoors and relax.When:9:30 a.m. --- 3:30 p.m.On Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and weekendsFrom April to OctoberCost (费用)$42 for a child and $ 22for a parentE-mail: hawthorneyalcyfarm@ gamail. com 1．The advertisement is for ______ .A．parents B．students C．doctors D．teachers2．Children can ______ on the farm.A．ride horses B．feed animals C．have breakfast D．go swimming3．The farm is open for ______ days each week.A．three B．four C．five D．six4．Little Bob and his mother need to pay ______ if they want to have fun on the farm.A．$ 42 B．$53 C．$64 D．$865．What can we know about the farm?______A．It is open only to kids. B．It’s a place for kids to make friends.C．It isn’t open in September. D．It has an e-mail address. CFrank is a student. He likes playing with his phone very much. And he keeps the phone with him at all times. His dad thinks he is addicted(上瘾的) to his phone. But Frank doesn't think so. They write to each other.Dear Frank, You've heard the warnings. It's reported that fifty percent of the teenagers depend on their phones too much. I think you have this problem too. That's why I think you should give up your phone. Not forever, just for a week. I'm warned that you are developing some bad habits. You keep your phone with you all the time—you even check the basketball scores at the dinner table. It's not a good idea to use your phone while you are doing homework. You can't put your heart into your homework at all. And you may make more mistakes when you can't fully put your heart into it. There are many good reasons to take a break from your phone. Have a try! So what do you say? Are you ready to give up using your phone?Love,DadDear Dad, I know you think I depend on my phone too much. But I'm just using technology to help my life to be better. My phone helps me in many ways.Do you remember that time when the car broke down? I sent a message to tell you that I was going to be late. If I didn't, you would be worried about me. My phone helps me with my homework too. I can look up anything in a second. It's really hard to be successful today if you don't have a phone. Social media, games, and apps might seem silly to you, but they help me to keep in touch with my friends. I promise to cut back my phone use, and I won't use it at the dinner table any more. But giving it up for a week would be a mistake and it wouldn't change anything in the long term.Love,Frank 1．How long does Frank's dad advise him to give up his phone?______A．For a week. B．For a month. C．For a year. D．Forever.2．What does Frank think of social media, games, and apps?______A．They make him smart. B．They make him relaxed.C．They help him make lots of money. D．They help him keep in touch with his friends.3．According to the passage, Frank promises to ______.A．use it at the dinner table B．use it at homeC．spend less time on it D．give it up forever4．What can we learn from the passage?______A．Frank thinks it is a waste of time to use phones.B．Frank sometimes uses his phone to look up something.C．All teenagers depend on their phones too much.D．Frank's dad thinks it's OK to check basketball scores at the dinner table. DComputer ScienceIn this course, you’ll develop the skills to work out problems with programming and learn how to code. With the help of our teachers, you will learn how to become a software developer.Place: OxfordClass Size: 10Price: ￡3,695Time: 21 July-10 AugustEmail: frank@summercourse.comStory WritingGreat stories don’t just happen by chance. You need to know how to create a character, plan a story and catch the reader’s attention. Learn how to do all that in our course.Place: CambridgeClass Size: 8Price: ￡3,090Time: 4 July-24 JulyEmail: lucy@summercourse.comEnglish AdventurersStudy English with us, and you will have many chances for meaningful English communication. You’ll develop skills and build confidence in all areas of the English language.Place: BrightonClass Size: 12Price: ￡4,495Time: 3 August-23 AugustEmail: ann@summercourse.comRobot MakersYou’ll learn all you need to build your own robots. We’ll cover all kinds of subjects as you build your knowledge. Also, we’ll learn about the new and fantastic ways robots can help us in the future.Place: LondonClass Size: 15Price: ￡4,895Time: 17 August-30 AugustEmail: peter@summercourse.com 41．When will English Adventurers start?______A．On 3 July. B．On 21 July. C．On 3 August. D．On 7 August.42．How much will a student pay for Story Writing?______A．￡3,695 B．￡3,090 C．￡4,895 D．￡3,49543．If you want to learn how to code, you should take ______.A．Robot Makers B．Story Writing C．Computer Science D．English Adventurers44．If you are free for two weeks, you may contact people at______.A．ann@summercourse.com B．frank@summercourse.comC．lucy@summercourse.com D．peter@summercourse.com45．In which kind of book can you see this passage?______A．Magazine. B．Notebook. C．Novel. D．Newspaper.