初中英语中考复习 秘籍15 短文填空-2021年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 秘籍15 短文填空-2021年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版），共7页。试卷主要包含了 解题步骤， 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形， 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案， 6 3等内容，欢迎下载使用。
秘笈15 短文填空 考点 短文填空 把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。考向1 短文填空之自由填空自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。满分技巧 1. 解题步骤：（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。考向2 短文填空之首字母填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。二、满分技巧 1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。考向3 短文填空之选词填空选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。考向4 短文填空之杂糅性型短文填空杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。考向5 短文填空之提示词填空此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。 因为是考查学生的综合能力，所以要求学生的基础知识扎实，尤其是注意时态和语态短文填词答题技巧口诀空前空后要注意，       名词单复要牢记。要有’s不能弃。动词注意要变形，       ＂皇帝＂、＂大臣＂要分清。形、副注意要用三级，   副词用法要谨记。要用数词请留意，       千万别忘＂基＂和＂序＂。填入代词需慎重，       五格变化记心中。 A【2020·江苏南京市·南京一中九年级月考】2020 is the Year of the R  1   in China. I remember when I was a kid, my family once took me to a Chinese restaurant back in the US. There was a paper placemat ( 餐具垫 ) with pictures of the 12 animal s  2   on it. It led us to laughs when we learned my aunt is a rat.We laughed, b  3   in the American culture, rats are animals of very low status ( 地位 ). They eat garbage and carry diseases, so we think they are d  4  . Rats are also sneaky (鬼鬼祟祟), so we don’t think we can believe them. Calling someone a rat is a serious insult ( 辱 骂 ). It m  5   he or she will betray ( 背叛 ) your trust.As a kid, this caused me to feel bad for people b  6  in the Year of the Rat. I wondered if Chinese children would be laughed at for their animal signs.Then I did some research and found that although Chinese people also see rats as dirty animals, they added them to the animal signs for a r  7  .According to what I found, rats are considered thrifty (勤俭的) and practical by Chinese people. These are qualities that can bring people wealth. They are also able to have a lot of b  8  , and this makes them a symbol of  good luck-traditionally,  Chinese people would like to have large families with many children. Rats are believed to be smart, t  9  . Sneaky animals must be clever.You see, human culture is interesting. There are always d  10   ways to look at the same thing!B【2020·内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司第一中学九年级三模】Qian Xuesen was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911. After he graduated   1   Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934, he traveled a  2   the Pacific Ocean to the United States for further study. There he   3  [rɪ’sivd] his Ph.D．degrees in both aerospace and mathematics. After graduation, he became a teacher as w  4   as a researcher who studied rockets and missile theories.He   5  （做出重要贡献）the missile and space programs in China. When he r  6   to his motherland in 1955, the country’s space research was almost a   7  . In 1956, he   8  （建立）the first research institute of rockets and missiles. From then on, he was   9  （负责）developing China’s missile, rocket and spacecraft research programs. He was a pioneer in t  10   related fields and was honored as “The   11   of China’s Missiles”. He is the pride of the Chinese people.He   12  （过世）on October 31, 2009, but he is a man who still encourages Chinese youth. His devotion to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my s  13   is in China and my destination is in China!” When someone said he could   14  （挣更多的钱）if he stayed in the United States, he laughed and said, “My   15   name is Qian, but I don’t like Qian.”C【2020·魏县教育体育局九年级开学考试】The earth is our home and we must take good care of it. That is to say we must keep the land, air and water   1  (clean). But man had produced a lot of pollution on   2  earth since he first made fire, washed his clothes in the river and   3  (throw) waste or rubbish on the ground. Many years ago, pollution was not so serious because there were not so   4  (much) people.  5   the past, there was enough clean air, land and water. When the land or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. Man, now, however, is slowly   6  (pollute) the whole world and there is neither enough clean air, nor clean land, nor clean water. The more people there are in one place, the   7   environment they maybe have.Perhaps you are afraid it is endless for people to produce pollution.  8  (luck), we are glad to tell you that people have come to know the   9  (dangerous) of pollution and more and more people are working hard to protect   10  (us) earth.D【2020·哈尔滨市松雷中学校初三】America    other    but    from    rest    them    on    return    hear    activityWhat is a student’s life in America? In junior high school, Students go to school   1  weekdays and have classes for six hours every day. They study math, English, biology, writing, science, music and some   2  subjects. At noon, they have lunch at school.   3   schools usually provide( 提 供 ) meat, vegetables, fruit, bread and a drink,   4  most students like hot dogs and hamburgers. and then they can have a short   5  . In the afternoon classes are over at 3:00.   6  3:10 to 5:30, they can take part in some school  7  . After school, everyone  8  home. At home, children have dinner and then do  9  homework. Before bedtime, they like   10  a story from their mother or father.A请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。A girl complained to her father about her hard life. She didn't know what she had to do and wanted to give up. She was t  1   of fighting and fighting. One problem had been f  2   another came over.Her father, cook, took her into the kitchen. He poured water into three pans(锅) and boiled it. When the water was boiling, in the first pan he put some carrots, in the second he put some eggs and in the last he put some coffee. He waited for them for a few minutes w  3   any words.The girl waited impatiently, not knowing why her father was doing that. About 20 minutes later, her father turned off the stove, took out the carrots and put them in a bowl. He took out the eggs and put them in a  4   bowl. After that the coffee was poured into a cup. Turning back to his daughter, he asked, "My sweet heart, what do you s  5   ?""Carrots, eggs and coffee", she answered.Her father told her to close her eyes and let her touch the carrots. She did so and f  6  . that the carrots were soft. After that he asked her to take eggs and b  7   them. Then, she got the eggs, warm and hard. At last, the father asked her to smell the coffee. She asked, "What did you do this for, Father?" He e  8   that each one had had the same unlucky experience the boiling water, but each had a d  9   result. The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak after being in the boiling water. The eggs became hard after being cooked. The coffee was very special and it c  10   the water "Who are you?" asked her father.BTerry was a middle-aged businessman. He was  1  (successful) in career. He didn't like his boss and workmates and often complained that he had been fooled by others. One day he told his wife he was so disappointed with everything that he had to leave the city, so his family moved to   2   (other) city．It was Saturday evening. When Terry and his wife were busy   3  (put) their things in their new home，the lights suddenly went out and they had to stop working. Terry was sorry   4  (forget) to bring along some candles（蜡烛）. Just then he heard light knocks on his door．“Who is it？” he   5   (wonder). Terry knew nobody else in the new city, and this was the moment he especially hated to be troubled. He opened the door impatiently. At the door was a little girl,   6  (shy) asking, “Sir, do you have candles? I'm your neighbor.” “No,” answered Terry angrily. He shut the door heavily．After a while the door  7  (knock) again. He opened it and found the same little girl outside. But this time she  8  (hold) a candle radiating（放光）red light. She said, “My grandma told me the new neighbor downstairs might need candles. She sent me here to give you this.”At that moment Terry suddenly realized what caused his   9   (fail) in life. It was his unkindness to other people. The person who had fooled him in life was actually nobody else but   10  (him), for his eyes had been covered by his cold mind.C阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。You stick a stamp on the envelop. And then it travels across the world to find another person. Stamps help people keep in touch   1   their friends and families. They play   2   important role in people's lives for a long time. People have a special day for stamps. October 9th is World Post Day.Before stamps, people didn't pay for the letters they   3  （send）, but instead they paid for the letters they got. The first stamp, a   4  （Britain）one was called Penny Black. It   5  （make）in 1840 with a picture of Queen Victoria on it. Years ago, sending letters   6  （use）to be the most important way to communicate with other people.   7   seemed that everyone had stamps on hand. Although now fewer people send letters, stamp collecting is still one of the world's most popular   8  （hobby）. Even some stamp clubs are set up   9  （help）people find new stamps to add to their collection. Interestingly enough, the Internet may have reduced the need for stamps, but it is   10  （actual）offering new ways for collectors to find more stamps.D请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。sport   two   health   them   don't   club   food   lunch   book  likeJane and Mary are sisters.The  1  girls like sports.Every day they play  2   in the sports club （体育俱乐部）.Today Jane and Mary  3  go to school.They play tennis for three hours in the  4  .After that they go to eat lunch in Green Restaurant.In the restaurant, they see lots of nice  5  .They see eggs, chicken and hamburgers.Oh, hamburgers are very nice, but they aren't  6   food.So Jane and Mary don't eat  7  .They eat some eggs and vegetables.After  8   , Jane and Mary go to Green Book Store.At the store they read many nice  9  .Oh, an English book is very great and Jane  10  it very much. Her sister Mary buys it for her.This girl is very happy.She goes home with the book and her sister.