高中英语高考词汇知识点归纳总结（共48个）

高考英语词汇知识点1.be fond of  喜爱，爱好（接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式）He's fond of swimming.他喜欢游泳。Are you fond of fresh vegetables.你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?He is fond of his research work.他喜爱他的研究工作。2.hunt for = look for  寻找hunt for a job  找工作I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。3.in order to/so as to  为了，以便（两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语，in order to可放于句首，so as to则不能，其否定形式为in order not to/so as not to）He went to Beijing in order/so as to attend an important meeting.为了参加一个重要会议，他去北京了。In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意到他，他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。4.care about(1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care forShe doesn't care about money.她不喜欢钱。(2) 关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself.She doesn't care about other people.她只考虑自己，不关心别人。(3) 在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say.这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。5.such as  比如……，像……（用来列举人或事物）She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目，比如物理、化学。6.drop a line  留下便条，写封短信7.make yourself at home  别客气；随便；无拘束If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到了我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。8.stay up  不睡；熬夜 I'll be late home, don’t stay up for me.我回家会很晚，不要等我了。He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。9.come about  引起；发生；产生How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。10.except for  除……之外except与except for的用法区别：(1) except多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。(2) except for  用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。(3) 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。11.end up with  以……告终；以……结束The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。12.more or less  几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上I've more or less finished the book.我差不多已经读完这本书了。Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。13.bring in  引进；引来；吸收We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。14.get away (from)  逃离The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。15.watch out (for)  注意；留心Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！有汽车。Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。16.see sb.off  给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。17.on the other hand  另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说on the one hand…; on the other hand...一方面……；另一方面……）I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。18.as well as  和，还He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.他不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。19.take place  发生take sb's place  入座，占好位置，取得……地位take sb's place/take the place of sb. 代替，取代20.on fire  燃烧，着火，起火（相当于burning，有静态的含意，catch fire有动态的含意）set...on fire/set fire to... 使……着火，放火烧……Look, the theatre is on fire! Let's go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧！21.on holiday  在度假，在休假中When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle.我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。22.travel agency  旅行社= travel bureau23.take off(1) 脱下（衣服等），解（除）掉He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。(2) （飞机）起飞The plane took off on time.It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。(3) 匆匆离开The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。24.go wrong  v.走错路，误入岐途，（机器等）发生故障，出现问题If you do what she tells you, you won't go far wrong.你要是按照她说的做，就不会出大差错。My watch keeps going wrong.我的表不断地出毛病。The relationship started to go wrong when they moved abroad.移居国外后，他们的关系开始出现问题了。25.in all  adv.总共There were twelve of us in all for dinner.我们一共十二人吃饭。26.stay away  v.外出Just stay away from the coffee machine.离那台咖啡机远点就好。27.look up  查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间）Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。相关词组：look for  寻找look after  照顾，照料look forward to  期待look into  调查look on  旁观look out  注意look out for  注意，留心，提防look over  翻阅，查看，检查look around  环视look through  翻阅，查看28.run after  追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只野兔，你一只也抓不到。29.on the air  广播We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。30.think highly/well/much of  对……评价很高，赞赏，对……印象好He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他的评价很高。I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……  认为不好，对……不在意/不赞成I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。31.leave out(1) 漏掉You made a mistake — You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出错了——你漏掉了一个字母t。(2) 删掉，没用I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我没有变动也没有删掉任何东西。32.stare at  （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴、睁大眼睛地）凝视，盯着看Don’t stare at foreigners.It’s impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。比较：glare at (to stare angrily at)  怒视着He glared round the room as if expecting a challenge.他怒目环视房间，那样子就像要找茬儿。33.joke  n.笑话，玩笑 v.说笑话，开玩笑(1) make jokes about  就……说笑They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。(2) have a joke with...about... 跟某人开关于某事的玩笑He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。(3) play a joke on... 开某人的玩笑We played jokes on each other.我们互相开玩笑。(4) joke about  取笑They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英语。34.take over  接管；接替；继承What is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。35.break down(1) 破坏；拆散Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。The peace talks are said to have broken down.据说和谈破裂了。(2) （机器）损坏Our truck broke down outside town.我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。(3) 失败；破裂Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。(4) 精神崩溃；失去控制He broke down and wept.他不禁失声痛哭。(5) 使分解（为）；使变化（成）Food is broken down by chemicals.化学物质引起食物分解。36.be/get on one’s feet(1) 站起来；站起来发言As soon as the bell rang the class were on their feet and ran out of the door.铃声一响，全班学生就立即起身到门外了。(2) （人）病好了，可以起床了；（使）恢复，复苏（指企业）You will soon get on your feet again.你很快就会恢复健康。37.go through(1) 经历；经受；遭到These countries have gone/been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。(2) 完成；做完I didn’t want to go through college.我不想上完大学。(3) 通过；批准The law has gone through Parliament.议会已经通过了这项法案。Their plans went through.他们的计划得到了批准。(4) 全面检查；搜查They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。38.“So+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。He’s tired, and so am I.(= I’ m also tired.)他累了，我也累了。You can swim, and so can I.(= I can also swim.)你会游泳，我也会。She has had supper, and so have I.(= I’ve had lunch, too.)她吃晚饭了，我也吃了。Tom speaks English, and so does his sister.(= His sister speaks English, too.)汤姆讲英语，他的姐姐也讲英语。A: I went to the park yesterday.我昨天去公园了。B: So did I.(= I also went to the park yesterday.)我昨天也去公园了。39.“So+主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed，certainly，表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。A: It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。B: So it was.(= Yes, it was.)的确如此。A: You seem to like sports.你似乎很喜欢体育运动。B: So I do.(= Yes, I do.)确实如此。A: It will be fine tomorrow.明天会好的。B: So it will.(= Yes, it will.)是的，会好的。40.“主语+do/does/did+so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(= I handed in my composition on time.)语文老师叫我按时交作文，我照办了。41.So it is with...或It is the same with...句型表示“……（的情况）也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so引起的倒装句。She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing.她不弹钢琴，但是她喜欢唱歌。So it is with my sister.我妹妹也是。42.There you are.行了，好。（这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。）There you are! Then let’s have some coffee.行了，好！那我们去喝点咖啡吧。除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。43.have some difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困难（接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.）Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。44.have a good knowledge of sth. 掌握……，对……有很好的了解He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦很了解。A good knowledge of languages is always useful.有良好的语言能力总是有裨益的。45.Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。fun  好玩，趣事（不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a）You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight.今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。make fun of  取笑，嘲弄People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。46.It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything是主语，it是形式主语。47.直接引语和间接引语(1) 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。“I broke your CD player.”He told me he had broken my CD player.(一般过去时改成过去完成时)他说他把我的CD播放机弄坏了。Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”Jenny said she had lost a book.(现在完成时改成过去完成时)珍妮说她丢了一本书。Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend.”Mum said she would go to see a friend.(一般将来时改成过去将来时)妈妈说她要去看一位朋友。He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework.”He said they hadn’t finished their homework.(过去完成时保留原有的时态)他说他们还没完成作业。注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。(2) 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”Mary said her brother was an engineer.玛丽说她的哥哥是一名工程师。(3) 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：He said, “Can you run, Mike?”He asked Mike whether/if he could run.他问Mike是否能跑。(4) 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask, order, beg等) (not) to do sth.”句型。如：“Pass me the water, please.” said he.He asked him to pass him the water.他请他帮忙递一下水。(5) 直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：She said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”She suggested going to the cinema./She suggested that they should go to the cinema.她提议他们去看电影。48.现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。(1) 用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的、按计划或安排要发生的动作。(2) 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用，如do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。The train is arriving soon.火车就要进站了。He is reading a novel.他在看小说。(3) 用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。(4) 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。What are you doing next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么？The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。