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初中英语中考复习 中考冲刺讲义4-时态语态 阅读C篇
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这是一份初中英语中考复习 中考冲刺讲义4-时态语态 阅读C篇，共21页。试卷主要包含了 掌握首字母技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考冲刺辅导教案4
课程主题： 时态语态+C篇首字母
学习目标
1. 掌握时态语态用法 2. 掌握首字母技巧
教学内容
课前热身：
IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) (共8分)
54. Leaving the windows open is just inviting __________ to enter. (thief)
55. China is a developing country which belongs to the __________ world. (three)
56. As he walked on, Simon felt __________ getting more and more tired. (he)
57. There're __________ ways of cooking an egg, but I like boiling best. (variety)
58. Success in study __________ depends on one's own efforts. (main)
59. The new law doesn't __________ in our favour. (operation)
60. Animals can bring us happiness, comfort and even __________. (safe)
61. Among the three boys Simon works the __________. (hard)
V. Rewrite the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词) (共14分)
62. Lonely Planet has become the world's most successful travel publisher. (改为反意疑问句)
Lonely Planet has become the world's most successful travel publisher, __________ __________?
63. Shanghai International Art Festival brought us many wonderful performances. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________ performances Shanghai International Art Festival brought us!
64. The fisherman's wife shouted at him angrily. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ the fisherman's wife shout at him?
65. Could you tell me? Where can I change paper money into coins? (合并为一句)
Could you tell me where __________ __________ change paper money into coins?
66. Jane doesn't have a plan to buy a flat unless she has enough money. (保持句意基本不变)
Jane doesn't have a plan to buy a flat __________ she __________ have enough money.
67. Each year, people add new records to the Guinness Book of Records. (改为被动语态)
Each year, new records __________ __________ to the Guinness Book of Records.
68. on Chongming Island, we, our autumn outing, with our teachers, spent, a month ago (连词成句)
_________________________________________________________________________
54. thieves 55. third 56. himself 57. various 58. mainly
59. operate 60. safety 61. hardest
62. hasn't it 63. What wonderful 64. How did 65. I can
66. if...doesn't 67. are added
68. We spent our autumn outing with our teachers on Chongming Island a month ago.
知识精讲：
知识点一、时态
【知识梳理】
重难点（讲解）
（1）一般现在时：表示现在经常性，或习惯性的动作。或表示客观真理。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 主要通过时间状语进行判断。例如：always，every year等。
² 另一方面，一般现在时也会出现在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中。
例如：When he comes here, he will tell you the truth.
（2）一般过去时：表示在过去的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 此时态的时间状语往往有：yesterday、last week、just now等。
（3）一般将来时：表示在将来的某一个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 在考查中，往往会有相关的时间状语出现。例如：tomorrow、next week、in two days等。
（4）现在进行时：表示在现在的某个时间点或者某个时间段正在发生的事情。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 表示现在进行时的关键词有：now、at the moment、It’s five o’clock、look等。
² 在中考时，要注意现在进行时与过去进行时的区别。现在进行时表示的是现在发生的事情，而过去进行时表示过去的动作。注意两者在时间上的差别。
（5）过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时间或者某个时间段正在发生的事情。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 相应的时间状语有：at 8:00 yesterday、from two to three yesterday。
² 除此之外，时间状语从句也可以表达过去的某一个点。
例如：He was sleeping when I came back.
² 另外，需要加强区别一般过去时和过去进行时。两者的动作都发生在过去，但是后者更强调某一个点或某段时间发生的动作。并且此动作是可以延续的。
（6）现在完成时：表示过去的动作对现在的影响或者一直持续到现在。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 中考常见的表示现在完成时的关键词有：already、since、for、so far、recently等。
² 当然，中考的考试中常以时间状语为考点，但是在模拟考中，会考查现在完成时的功能之一：过去动作对现在的影响。例如：He has lost his money, so he has to go home on foot.
² 常考延续性动作与瞬间性动作的转换
瞬间性动词
延续性动词
buy
have had
borrow
have kept
begin/start
have been on
come
have been here
go
have been there
finish
have been over
die
have been dead
catch a cold
have had a cold
join
have been in
leave
have been away
（7）过去完成时：表示过去之前的动作对过去的影响或者一直持续到过去。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 常见的时间状语有：by the end of last week。
² 除此以外，还有通过句意来判断：When he came to the station, the bus had left. （使用过去完成时的动作，往往发生在某一个过去的动作之前。）
（8）过去将来时：表示从过去看，将来要发生的动作或状态。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 过去将来时往往在考试中，出现在宾语从句中。例如：He told me that he would visit the museum the next week.
【例题精讲】
例1. Look, so many passengers _______ with their smart phones on the underground.
A) played B) will play C) are playing D) have played
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查现在进行时。题中“look”一词表明动作正在发生，因此本题选择C.
例2. The schoolboy_______ to the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon.
A) apologizes B) apologized C) will apologize D) has apologized
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查一般过去时的用法。题干中yesterday afternoon 是一个表示过去的时间，因此要用过去时。因此本题选择B。
【巩固练习】
1. The volunteers__________a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.
A) offered B) will offer C) are offering D) have offered
【答案】D
2. The students_________the Art Festival when I passed by their school.
A) celebrate B ) were celebrating C) will celebrate D)have celebrated
【答案】B
知识点二、语态
【知识梳理】
1. 把握动词类型,辨别被动与否
1) 及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态
eg: We listen to the teacher carefully in class.
主 谓 宾
→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.
主 谓 介词短语
比较:
2) 初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况
a) 系动词无被动
The dish tastes delicious. The apple smells sweet.
b) 某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash, write, sell ,read
The play reads better than it acts.
This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗)
The pen writes smoothly写起来流利。
The book is so interesting that it sells well.
“sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..” 作及物动词为“卖、出售”）
c) Need +V-ing “需要被….”
My car needs repairing. 我的车需要修理
d) 4) Too…to句型 The box is too heavy to life.
e) 5) 不及物动词appear, disappear, fail, happen, last, remain, spread, break out, come true, take place, belong to等
比较 rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
3) 双宾语的被动语态
有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）
（被动语态）
▲常带双宾语的词有：tell、show、 lend、 pass、give、buy等。
4) to的“前世今生”
在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）
She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：
一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。
see sb do sth（主动语态） sb be seen to do（被动语态）
一感
二听
三使（使役动词）
四看
feel
hear、listen to
make、let、have （马兰花）
see、watch、notice、observe
5) 系表结构PK被动语态
有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”
eg:
（1）
（2）
【例题精讲】
例1. Before the bridge ________, the local people had to reach the other side by ferry.
A) is built B) will be built C) was built D) has been built
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查被动语态。题中before引导的时间状语从句，主句是过去时，所以从句也要是相应的过去时态且用被动，因此本题选择C.
例2. A lot of students in this university ________abroad as exchange students every year.
A) are sent B) were sent C) will send D) send
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查被动语态。题中every year，表示一般现在时，且用被动，因此本题选择A.
【巩固练习】
1. The government will rebuild more old buildings in the coming years. (被动语态)
More old buildings will __________ __________ by the government in the coming years.
【答案】be rebuilt
2. Don’t worry, your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. kept B. was keeping C. has been kept D. will be kept
【答案】D
知识点三、首字母
【知识梳理】
1. 总述
首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。
2. 解题技巧
（1） 通读全文，了解大意
通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。
（2） 把握段首句
中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。
（3） 抓住关键词
文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。
（4） 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配
考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。
（5） 联系上下文解题
在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。
（6） 重读文章，检验答案
当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。
【例题精讲】
例1.
At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat, especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usually expensive. And m_____86_____is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can be fun.
But life with a roommate can also be a t_____87_____experience. Some experts(专家) did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students. So, how can you l_____88_____with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice:
Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you don't see them very o_____89_____. So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss the situation carefully.
If you decide to share a room with someone you don't know, talk to each other. It's important to be h_____90_____about your habits and things you hate.
When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h_____91_____, such as cleaning, washing and shopping. Will you share food? Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud music?
Don't get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f_____92_____the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No one - including you- is perfect.
【参考答案】money、terrible、live、often、honest、housework、forget
【例题解析】本文的主要内容是关于如何与室友和睦相处。文章比较贴近学生，并且所填词也是学生平时常见的，因此难度不大。
86题，是一道很典型的联系上下文得出答案的题目。在86题之前，文章写的是公寓往往很贵。86题的句子表达的意思是：______不是唯一合住的原因。后文写的是合住也可以很快乐。因此很显然填的是money。
87题，一开始有一个非常关键的连词“but”，因此可以得出与上文的“fun”是相对的。另外，从所填词的位置来看是在句首，因此需要理解后文的内容，再进行判断。后文中几个关键的词“problems”、“unhappy”、“get sick”可以得出合住也可能是一种糟糕的经历。所以填写terrible。
88题，后文写到“Here is some advice”可见下文都是围绕88题所在的句子给出的建议。因此，不妨先看后文。后文中“share a room”、“move in with a roommate”等短语可以告诉我们这里应该填写的是live，与室友在一起生活。
89题，关键短语是be different from（与......不同），文章前面说的是when you stay with them all the time, （当你总是和他们在一起）与后文的when you don’t see them very________进行对比，因此填写的是often，表示当你不经常见到他们。
90题，本段一开始设定的情境是你和一个不认识的人合住，因此要交流。对于你的习惯和讨厌的东西要坦诚，因此写的是honest。
91题，后文出现了提示词“such as”，所以可以判断出是housework。
92题，此段开首句写的是不要因为室友做的小事而生气，因此后文应该忘记发生在你们之间的不愉快的事情。所以填写的是forget。文章难度中等，考查的是学生对于上下文的理解，以及逻辑判断的能力。因此在考试时，要加强通过上下文的分析，进行填词。
例2.
A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r_____81_____of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.
P_____82_____activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i_____83_____both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.
Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v_____84_____collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
V_____85_____friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet A_____86_____popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s_____87_____went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
【参考答案】 result(s)、Physical、included、various、Visiting、Another、seldom
【例题解析】本文是关于青年学生如何度过他们空闲时间的调查报告。本文的话题，仍然是围绕青少年的生活，因此比较容易被学生所理解。但是相比起前两年，所填词的拼写以及词义更为复杂，因此难度略微增加。
81题，对于有些学生来说，句子中survey这个词并不是很熟悉。survey解释为调查，而后文是围绕此调查的结果进行展开的。因此，这里填写result或者results皆可。
82题，通过后文写到女生喜欢网球、篮球和游泳，男生喜欢足球、篮球和溜冰，可以推测出这里应该填写与运动相关的活动。很多学生没有填出该词，是因为他们对physical解释为“身体的”这一含义并不了解。因此，在平时的学习中，对于一词多义的现象要格外注意。
83题，解答此题时，仍旧应该先理解“this”的指代含义。根据前文，可以得知“this”指代的是关于音乐的活动。而后文听音乐和玩音乐其实都是属于这一类活动的，因此填写“include”。同时，在填写的时候，应该注意动词的时态，前后文都是一般过去时，因此这里填写included.
84题，此句的含义是他们有收藏的兴趣，收藏的范围从卡通书，甚至到硬币，可见其收藏的范围很广，因此various（各种各样的）能够表达这一含义。
85题，此句放在句首，因此需要先读后文。后文中出现了关键短语“met friends”、“contact friends”因此可以推测出这里是拜访朋友的含义。当然，动词放在句首作主语，要注意添加“ing”。
86题，根据前文写到联系朋友的方式是通过网络，而这里写到通过电话的方式与朋友沟通，因此是另一种沟通的方式，填写another较为合适。
87题，首先要理解one out of ten的含义是十分之一，然后联系后文，得知只有十分之一的青少年会定期跳舞，说明他们跳舞的频率并不高，因此填写“seldom”。
【巩固练习】
1. Charles Babbage: Father of the Computer
Charles Babbage was born too soon. He hoped to invent a calculator. But the technology of his time was too simple. Babbage could not make his dream come true.
All his life, Babbage was interested in n 81 . For example, he would find out how
f 82 a pig's heart beats or make a table to calculate how much wood a man could saw (锯) in 10 hours.
Babbage was also an inventor. Around 1830, he decided to d 83 and build a machine for doing simple mathematical calculations. He called this machine the Difference Engine.
Making the Machine
The Difference Engine was very big and difficult to make. It was made of two tons of steel and gears(齿轮). While he was building this h 84 machine, he had an idea for a new machine. This one would do all kinds of calculations. He called it the Analytical Engine. It was the start of the modern computer. But Babbage used up all his money b 85 he could complete either machine.
Re-inventing the Engine
In 1854, two Swedish inventors built a working mechanical calculator. It was b 86 on the Difference Engine. Their machine was able to print out different kinds of forms and tables. It was very accurate.
Babbage was the first person to come up with the idea of computers. And he is more famous
today than he w 87 in his day.
【答案】81. numbers 82. fast 83. design 84. huge 85. before 86. based 87. was
2.A new term has begun. Teachers are worried about the fact that new students are not easy to deal with. They like to bring cell phones and MP3 players to school. What is w 81 , some students even use cell phones to do out-of-class matters in class, or sometimes just for fun. Some other students listen to MP3 players when they are having a lesson that they are not interested in.
Are these new students really that r 82 ? "Yes." says Delaney Kirk, a professor at Drake University. But she adds it's not their fault. I 83 , the teachers should be blamed (责备). Mrs. Kirk first began thinking about students' manners six years ago. "I had my first class in which students were sleeping or talking to each other. It seemed that learning well had n 84 to do with them." she says. "At first, I got worried about this, but then I said to myself: You're giving lessons, and you need to m 85 this kind of situation. These students need to know more about manners. It's time to help them develop some good h 86 . They shouldn't waste time when t hey are young. Sooner or later, they may feel sorry about the time they have wasted."
Mrs. Kirk also gives some advice to help teachers during their classes. The following are her s 87 :
l ● On the first day of class, tell students how they will benefit(受益) by taking the class and the importance of listening carefully in class.
l ● Do not allow them to bring cell phones or MP3 players to the class at all.
l ● Tell them the proper time to use cell phones or MP3 players at school.
【答案】81. worse 82. rude 83. Instead 84. nothing 85. manage 86. habits 87. suggestions
当堂一测：
1. They _________their classroom to welcome me coming Christmas tomorrow afternoon.
A. decorate B. will decorate C. are decorating D. decorated
2. ---Hi, guys. Where are you going now?
---Home. We _________all our money, so we have to walk home now.
A. spend B. spent C. have spent D. are spending
3. He wanted his class teacher to believe that he _________the homework.
A. is doing B. will do C. did D. had done
4. Sam usually _________his key to his neighbor when he is away from home.
A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. is leaving
5. While we _________around our neighborhood after supper, it began to rain.
A. walk B. walked C. are walking D. were walking
【答案】BCDAD
6. Chinese people invented black tea during the Ming Dynasty. (改为被动语态)
Black tea __________ __________ by Chinese people during the Ming Dynasty.
7. Kitty expressed many thanks to her parents on Thanksgiving Day. (改为被动语态)
Many thanks __________ __________ by Kitty to her parents on Thanksgiving Day.
8. Our class teacher chose our monitor to take part in the English reading contest last week.（改为被动语态）
Our monitor __________ __________ to take part in the English reading contest last week.
【答案】 was invented ； were expressed ；was chosen
9. The sports utility vehicle (SUV多用途车辆) was invented in the early 1990s. It quickly became very popular in the United States. There are several r 81 for this. It is larger than most of cars. It can carry lots of people, bicycles, toys, dogs and other things. This makes it popular with families. It also has four doors and a big back door, so getting in or out is e 82 . Since an SUV is taller than most cars, the driver can see above other cars and have a better sight of the road. With a lot more p 83 , an SUV can go faster than most cars. It can also go on very rough roads where other cars cannot go.
The SUV is popular with many people, but other people do not like these cars. First, they are larger than most other cars. This means that drivers of other cars may not be able to see the road
w 84 . Also, SUVs are very heavy. If an SUV gets into an accident with a small car, the small car may be in s 85 trouble. Another problem with SUVs is that they are very expensive. They are expensive to buy --- about 50 percent more expensive than an average small car. They are also expensive to use, since they use a lot more gasoline(汽油) than smaller cars.
There are two ways to solve these problems. One way is to change the way we think about them. Now they are sold as large cars. In the future, maybe they should be sold as trucks. Then people with just a car license could not d 86 them. They would have to get a truck license. These licenses are more expensive and difficult to get, so p 87 fewer people would buy SUVs. The other way to solve SUV problems is to make them differently. Some people think that car companies should make big SUVs smaller and less dangerous. They should also make SUVs with less powerful engines. Then they would not use so much gasoline.
【答案】1. reasons 82. easier/easy 83. power 84. well 85. serious 86. drive 87. probably/perhaps
初中常用的八大时态及学法点睛
时态
基本概念
基本形式
学法点睛
一般现在时
表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，或客观真理
do/does
v 掌握常见时间状语：
always/often/usually/sometimes/every day/once a week
v 用于条件状语从句以及时间状语从句。
v 表示客观真理。
一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
did
v 掌握常见时间状语：
just now/yesterday/last week/two hours ago/in 1998
一般将来时
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态
am/is/are going to do或者
will do
v 掌握常见时间状语：
tomorrow/next week/in two days/in the future
现在进行时
表示现在正在发生的动作
am/is/are doing
v 掌握常见时间状语：
now / at present / at the (this) moment / Look (Listen)
v 根据句意进行判断某人此刻正在做某事。
现在完成时
表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响或一直持续到现在
have / has done
v 掌握常见时间状语：
already/just/yet/three times/since yesterday/for three hours/recently/so far/in the past(last) ten days
v 根据句意进行判断，过去的动作对现在产生了影响。
过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作
was / were doing
v 掌握常见时间状语：
at that moment /at this time yesterday/at 6:00 last Sunday/from 1:00 to 3:00 yesterday afternoon
v when/while引导的时间状语从句或者主句中表示某一时间正在发生的延续性动作。
过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作
had done
v 掌握常见时间状语：
by the end of last month
v 根据句意进行判断，过去完成时的动作发生在某一过去的动作之前。
过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
would do或者was/were going to do
v 掌握常见时间状语：
the next day
v 在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。
现在时态
一般现在时
现在进行时
一 般 将 来 时
现在完成时
谓语动词构 成
am
is ＋p.p.
are
am
is ＋being＋p.p.
are
will ＋ be＋p.p.
am
is ＋going to＋ be ＋ p.p.
are
have（has） ＋been＋p.p.
过去时态
一般过去时
过 去 进 行 时
过 去 将 来 时
过去完成时
谓语动词构 成
was
＋p.p.
were
was
＋being＋p.p.
were
would ＋be＋p.p.
was
＋going to＋be＋p.p.
were
had ＋been＋p.p.
中考冲刺辅导教案4
课程主题： 时态语态+C篇首字母
学习目标
1. 掌握时态语态用法 2. 掌握首字母技巧
教学内容
课前热身：
IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) (共8分)
54. Leaving the windows open is just inviting __________ to enter. (thief)
55. China is a developing country which belongs to the __________ world. (three)
56. As he walked on, Simon felt __________ getting more and more tired. (he)
57. There're __________ ways of cooking an egg, but I like boiling best. (variety)
58. Success in study __________ depends on one's own efforts. (main)
59. The new law doesn't __________ in our favour. (operation)
60. Animals can bring us happiness, comfort and even __________. (safe)
61. Among the three boys Simon works the __________. (hard)
V. Rewrite the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词) (共14分)
62. Lonely Planet has become the world's most successful travel publisher. (改为反意疑问句)
Lonely Planet has become the world's most successful travel publisher, __________ __________?
63. Shanghai International Art Festival brought us many wonderful performances. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________ performances Shanghai International Art Festival brought us!
64. The fisherman's wife shouted at him angrily. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ the fisherman's wife shout at him?
65. Could you tell me? Where can I change paper money into coins? (合并为一句)
Could you tell me where __________ __________ change paper money into coins?
66. Jane doesn't have a plan to buy a flat unless she has enough money. (保持句意基本不变)
Jane doesn't have a plan to buy a flat __________ she __________ have enough money.
67. Each year, people add new records to the Guinness Book of Records. (改为被动语态)
Each year, new records __________ __________ to the Guinness Book of Records.
68. on Chongming Island, we, our autumn outing, with our teachers, spent, a month ago (连词成句)
_________________________________________________________________________
54. thieves 55. third 56. himself 57. various 58. mainly
59. operate 60. safety 61. hardest
62. hasn't it 63. What wonderful 64. How did 65. I can
66. if...doesn't 67. are added
68. We spent our autumn outing with our teachers on Chongming Island a month ago.
知识精讲：
知识点一、时态
【知识梳理】
重难点（讲解）
（1）一般现在时：表示现在经常性，或习惯性的动作。或表示客观真理。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 主要通过时间状语进行判断。例如：always，every year等。
² 另一方面，一般现在时也会出现在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中。
例如：When he comes here, he will tell you the truth.
（2）一般过去时：表示在过去的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 此时态的时间状语往往有：yesterday、last week、just now等。
（3）一般将来时：表示在将来的某一个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 在考查中，往往会有相关的时间状语出现。例如：tomorrow、next week、in two days等。
（4）现在进行时：表示在现在的某个时间点或者某个时间段正在发生的事情。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 表示现在进行时的关键词有：now、at the moment、It’s five o’clock、look等。
² 在中考时，要注意现在进行时与过去进行时的区别。现在进行时表示的是现在发生的事情，而过去进行时表示过去的动作。注意两者在时间上的差别。
（5）过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时间或者某个时间段正在发生的事情。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 相应的时间状语有：at 8:00 yesterday、from two to three yesterday。
² 除此之外，时间状语从句也可以表达过去的某一个点。
例如：He was sleeping when I came back.
² 另外，需要加强区别一般过去时和过去进行时。两者的动作都发生在过去，但是后者更强调某一个点或某段时间发生的动作。并且此动作是可以延续的。
（6）现在完成时：表示过去的动作对现在的影响或者一直持续到现在。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 中考常见的表示现在完成时的关键词有：already、since、for、so far、recently等。
² 当然，中考的考试中常以时间状语为考点，但是在模拟考中，会考查现在完成时的功能之一：过去动作对现在的影响。例如：He has lost his money, so he has to go home on foot.
² 常考延续性动作与瞬间性动作的转换
瞬间性动词
延续性动词
buy
have had
borrow
have kept
begin/start
have been on
come
have been here
go
have been there
finish
have been over
die
have been dead
catch a cold
have had a cold
join
have been in
leave
have been away
（7）过去完成时：表示过去之前的动作对过去的影响或者一直持续到过去。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 常见的时间状语有：by the end of last week。
² 除此以外，还有通过句意来判断：When he came to the station, the bus had left. （使用过去完成时的动作，往往发生在某一个过去的动作之前。）
（8）过去将来时：表示从过去看，将来要发生的动作或状态。
Ø 考点剖析：
² 过去将来时往往在考试中，出现在宾语从句中。例如：He told me that he would visit the museum the next week.
【例题精讲】
例1. Look, so many passengers _______ with their smart phones on the underground.
A) played B) will play C) are playing D) have played
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查现在进行时。题中“look”一词表明动作正在发生，因此本题选择C.
例2. The schoolboy_______ to the blind man on his way home yesterday afternoon.
A) apologizes B) apologized C) will apologize D) has apologized
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查一般过去时的用法。题干中yesterday afternoon 是一个表示过去的时间，因此要用过去时。因此本题选择B。
【巩固练习】
1. The volunteers__________a lot of help to the community for nearly ten years.
A) offered B) will offer C) are offering D) have offered
【答案】D
2. The students_________the Art Festival when I passed by their school.
A) celebrate B ) were celebrating C) will celebrate D)have celebrated
【答案】B
知识点二、语态
【知识梳理】
1. 把握动词类型,辨别被动与否
1) 及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态
eg: We listen to the teacher carefully in class.
主 谓 宾
→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.
主 谓 介词短语
比较:
2) 初中阶段不使用被动语态的情况
a) 系动词无被动
The dish tastes delicious. The apple smells sweet.
b) 某些说明名词本身性质的动词。如wash, write, sell ,read
The play reads better than it acts.
This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗)
The pen writes smoothly写起来流利。
The book is so interesting that it sells well.
“sell”此处为不及物动词“销售起来…..” 作及物动词为“卖、出售”）
c) Need +V-ing “需要被….”
My car needs repairing. 我的车需要修理
d) 4) Too…to句型 The box is too heavy to life.
e) 5) 不及物动词appear, disappear, fail, happen, last, remain, spread, break out, come true, take place, belong to等
比较 rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
3) 双宾语的被动语态
有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）
（被动语态）
▲常带双宾语的词有：tell、show、 lend、 pass、give、buy等。
4) to的“前世今生”
在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）
She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：
一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。
see sb do sth（主动语态） sb be seen to do（被动语态）
一感
二听
三使（使役动词）
四看
feel
hear、listen to
make、let、have （马兰花）
see、watch、notice、observe
5) 系表结构PK被动语态
有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”
eg:
（1）
（2）
【例题精讲】
例1. Before the bridge ________, the local people had to reach the other side by ferry.
A) is built B) will be built C) was built D) has been built
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查被动语态。题中before引导的时间状语从句，主句是过去时，所以从句也要是相应的过去时态且用被动，因此本题选择C.
例2. A lot of students in this university ________abroad as exchange students every year.
A) are sent B) were sent C) will send D) send
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查被动语态。题中every year，表示一般现在时，且用被动，因此本题选择A.
【巩固练习】
1. The government will rebuild more old buildings in the coming years. (被动语态)
More old buildings will __________ __________ by the government in the coming years.
【答案】be rebuilt
2. Don’t worry, your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here.
A. kept B. was keeping C. has been kept D. will be kept
【答案】D
知识点三、首字母
【知识梳理】
1. 总述
首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。
2. 解题技巧
（1） 通读全文，了解大意
通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。
（2） 把握段首句
中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。
（3） 抓住关键词
文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。
（4） 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配
考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。
（5） 联系上下文解题
在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。
（6） 重读文章，检验答案
当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。
【例题精讲】
例1.
At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat, especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usually expensive. And m_____86_____is not the only reason for having a roommate. Sharing a flat can be fun.
But life with a roommate can also be a t_____87_____experience. Some experts(专家) did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students. So, how can you l_____88_____with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice:
Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you don't see them very o_____89_____. So, before you plan to share a room with a friend, discuss the situation carefully.
If you decide to share a room with someone you don't know, talk to each other. It's important to be h_____90_____about your habits and things you hate.
When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h_____91_____, such as cleaning, washing and shopping. Will you share food? Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud music?
Don't get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f_____92_____the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No one - including you- is perfect.
【参考答案】money、terrible、live、often、honest、housework、forget
【例题解析】本文的主要内容是关于如何与室友和睦相处。文章比较贴近学生，并且所填词也是学生平时常见的，因此难度不大。
86题，是一道很典型的联系上下文得出答案的题目。在86题之前，文章写的是公寓往往很贵。86题的句子表达的意思是：______不是唯一合住的原因。后文写的是合住也可以很快乐。因此很显然填的是money。
87题，一开始有一个非常关键的连词“but”，因此可以得出与上文的“fun”是相对的。另外，从所填词的位置来看是在句首，因此需要理解后文的内容，再进行判断。后文中几个关键的词“problems”、“unhappy”、“get sick”可以得出合住也可能是一种糟糕的经历。所以填写terrible。
88题，后文写到“Here is some advice”可见下文都是围绕88题所在的句子给出的建议。因此，不妨先看后文。后文中“share a room”、“move in with a roommate”等短语可以告诉我们这里应该填写的是live，与室友在一起生活。
89题，关键短语是be different from（与......不同），文章前面说的是when you stay with them all the time, （当你总是和他们在一起）与后文的when you don’t see them very________进行对比，因此填写的是often，表示当你不经常见到他们。
90题，本段一开始设定的情境是你和一个不认识的人合住，因此要交流。对于你的习惯和讨厌的东西要坦诚，因此写的是honest。
91题，后文出现了提示词“such as”，所以可以判断出是housework。
92题，此段开首句写的是不要因为室友做的小事而生气，因此后文应该忘记发生在你们之间的不愉快的事情。所以填写的是forget。文章难度中等，考查的是学生对于上下文的理解，以及逻辑判断的能力。因此在考试时，要加强通过上下文的分析，进行填词。
例2.
A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how they spent their spare time. Here they report the r_____81_____of the survey. It’s not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities.
P_____82_____activity was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to six hours a week. Favourite sports among girls were tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating.
Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of those surveyed said that music was their favourite activity. This i_____83_____both listening to and playing music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to reading a book or magazine.
Unexpectedly, as many as three out of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v_____84_____collections from cartoon books and baseball cards to stickers, toys and coins.
V_____85_____friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet A_____86_____popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said they spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s_____87_____went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten said they went to the dance regularly.
【参考答案】 result(s)、Physical、included、various、Visiting、Another、seldom
【例题解析】本文是关于青年学生如何度过他们空闲时间的调查报告。本文的话题，仍然是围绕青少年的生活，因此比较容易被学生所理解。但是相比起前两年，所填词的拼写以及词义更为复杂，因此难度略微增加。
81题，对于有些学生来说，句子中survey这个词并不是很熟悉。survey解释为调查，而后文是围绕此调查的结果进行展开的。因此，这里填写result或者results皆可。
82题，通过后文写到女生喜欢网球、篮球和游泳，男生喜欢足球、篮球和溜冰，可以推测出这里应该填写与运动相关的活动。很多学生没有填出该词，是因为他们对physical解释为“身体的”这一含义并不了解。因此，在平时的学习中，对于一词多义的现象要格外注意。
83题，解答此题时，仍旧应该先理解“this”的指代含义。根据前文，可以得知“this”指代的是关于音乐的活动。而后文听音乐和玩音乐其实都是属于这一类活动的，因此填写“include”。同时，在填写的时候，应该注意动词的时态，前后文都是一般过去时，因此这里填写included.
84题，此句的含义是他们有收藏的兴趣，收藏的范围从卡通书，甚至到硬币，可见其收藏的范围很广，因此various（各种各样的）能够表达这一含义。
85题，此句放在句首，因此需要先读后文。后文中出现了关键短语“met friends”、“contact friends”因此可以推测出这里是拜访朋友的含义。当然，动词放在句首作主语，要注意添加“ing”。
86题，根据前文写到联系朋友的方式是通过网络，而这里写到通过电话的方式与朋友沟通，因此是另一种沟通的方式，填写another较为合适。
87题，首先要理解one out of ten的含义是十分之一，然后联系后文，得知只有十分之一的青少年会定期跳舞，说明他们跳舞的频率并不高，因此填写“seldom”。
【巩固练习】
1. Charles Babbage: Father of the Computer
Charles Babbage was born too soon. He hoped to invent a calculator. But the technology of his time was too simple. Babbage could not make his dream come true.
All his life, Babbage was interested in n 81 . For example, he would find out how
f 82 a pig's heart beats or make a table to calculate how much wood a man could saw (锯) in 10 hours.
Babbage was also an inventor. Around 1830, he decided to d 83 and build a machine for doing simple mathematical calculations. He called this machine the Difference Engine.
Making the Machine
The Difference Engine was very big and difficult to make. It was made of two tons of steel and gears(齿轮). While he was building this h 84 machine, he had an idea for a new machine. This one would do all kinds of calculations. He called it the Analytical Engine. It was the start of the modern computer. But Babbage used up all his money b 85 he could complete either machine.
Re-inventing the Engine
In 1854, two Swedish inventors built a working mechanical calculator. It was b 86 on the Difference Engine. Their machine was able to print out different kinds of forms and tables. It was very accurate.
Babbage was the first person to come up with the idea of computers. And he is more famous
today than he w 87 in his day.
【答案】81. numbers 82. fast 83. design 84. huge 85. before 86. based 87. was
2.A new term has begun. Teachers are worried about the fact that new students are not easy to deal with. They like to bring cell phones and MP3 players to school. What is w 81 , some students even use cell phones to do out-of-class matters in class, or sometimes just for fun. Some other students listen to MP3 players when they are having a lesson that they are not interested in.
Are these new students really that r 82 ? "Yes." says Delaney Kirk, a professor at Drake University. But she adds it's not their fault. I 83 , the teachers should be blamed (责备). Mrs. Kirk first began thinking about students' manners six years ago. "I had my first class in which students were sleeping or talking to each other. It seemed that learning well had n 84 to do with them." she says. "At first, I got worried about this, but then I said to myself: You're giving lessons, and you need to m 85 this kind of situation. These students need to know more about manners. It's time to help them develop some good h 86 . They shouldn't waste time when t hey are young. Sooner or later, they may feel sorry about the time they have wasted."
Mrs. Kirk also gives some advice to help teachers during their classes. The following are her s 87 :
l ● On the first day of class, tell students how they will benefit(受益) by taking the class and the importance of listening carefully in class.
l ● Do not allow them to bring cell phones or MP3 players to the class at all.
l ● Tell them the proper time to use cell phones or MP3 players at school.
【答案】81. worse 82. rude 83. Instead 84. nothing 85. manage 86. habits 87. suggestions
当堂一测：
1. They _________their classroom to welcome me coming Christmas tomorrow afternoon.
A. decorate B. will decorate C. are decorating D. decorated
2. ---Hi, guys. Where are you going now?
---Home. We _________all our money, so we have to walk home now.
A. spend B. spent C. have spent D. are spending
3. He wanted his class teacher to believe that he _________the homework.
A. is doing B. will do C. did D. had done
4. Sam usually _________his key to his neighbor when he is away from home.
A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. is leaving
5. While we _________around our neighborhood after supper, it began to rain.
A. walk B. walked C. are walking D. were walking
【答案】BCDAD
6. Chinese people invented black tea during the Ming Dynasty. (改为被动语态)
Black tea __________ __________ by Chinese people during the Ming Dynasty.
7. Kitty expressed many thanks to her parents on Thanksgiving Day. (改为被动语态)
Many thanks __________ __________ by Kitty to her parents on Thanksgiving Day.
8. Our class teacher chose our monitor to take part in the English reading contest last week.（改为被动语态）
Our monitor __________ __________ to take part in the English reading contest last week.
【答案】 was invented ； were expressed ；was chosen
9. The sports utility vehicle (SUV多用途车辆) was invented in the early 1990s. It quickly became very popular in the United States. There are several r 81 for this. It is larger than most of cars. It can carry lots of people, bicycles, toys, dogs and other things. This makes it popular with families. It also has four doors and a big back door, so getting in or out is e 82 . Since an SUV is taller than most cars, the driver can see above other cars and have a better sight of the road. With a lot more p 83 , an SUV can go faster than most cars. It can also go on very rough roads where other cars cannot go.
The SUV is popular with many people, but other people do not like these cars. First, they are larger than most other cars. This means that drivers of other cars may not be able to see the road
w 84 . Also, SUVs are very heavy. If an SUV gets into an accident with a small car, the small car may be in s 85 trouble. Another problem with SUVs is that they are very expensive. They are expensive to buy --- about 50 percent more expensive than an average small car. They are also expensive to use, since they use a lot more gasoline(汽油) than smaller cars.
There are two ways to solve these problems. One way is to change the way we think about them. Now they are sold as large cars. In the future, maybe they should be sold as trucks. Then people with just a car license could not d 86 them. They would have to get a truck license. These licenses are more expensive and difficult to get, so p 87 fewer people would buy SUVs. The other way to solve SUV problems is to make them differently. Some people think that car companies should make big SUVs smaller and less dangerous. They should also make SUVs with less powerful engines. Then they would not use so much gasoline.
【答案】1. reasons 82. easier/easy 83. power 84. well 85. serious 86. drive 87. probably/perhaps
初中常用的八大时态及学法点睛
时态
基本概念
基本形式
学法点睛
一般现在时
表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，或客观真理
do/does
v 掌握常见时间状语：
always/often/usually/sometimes/every day/once a week
v 用于条件状语从句以及时间状语从句。
v 表示客观真理。
一般过去时
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
did
v 掌握常见时间状语：
just now/yesterday/last week/two hours ago/in 1998
一般将来时
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态
am/is/are going to do或者
will do
v 掌握常见时间状语：
tomorrow/next week/in two days/in the future
现在进行时
表示现在正在发生的动作
am/is/are doing
v 掌握常见时间状语：
now / at present / at the (this) moment / Look (Listen)
v 根据句意进行判断某人此刻正在做某事。
现在完成时
表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响或一直持续到现在
have / has done
v 掌握常见时间状语：
already/just/yet/three times/since yesterday/for three hours/recently/so far/in the past(last) ten days
v 根据句意进行判断，过去的动作对现在产生了影响。
过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在发生的动作
was / were doing
v 掌握常见时间状语：
at that moment /at this time yesterday/at 6:00 last Sunday/from 1:00 to 3:00 yesterday afternoon
v when/while引导的时间状语从句或者主句中表示某一时间正在发生的延续性动作。
过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作
had done
v 掌握常见时间状语：
by the end of last month
v 根据句意进行判断，过去完成时的动作发生在某一过去的动作之前。
过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
would do或者was/were going to do
v 掌握常见时间状语：
the next day
v 在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。
现在时态
一般现在时
现在进行时
一 般 将 来 时
现在完成时
谓语动词构 成
am
is ＋p.p.
are
am
is ＋being＋p.p.
are
will ＋ be＋p.p.
am
is ＋going to＋ be ＋ p.p.
are
have（has） ＋been＋p.p.
过去时态
一般过去时
过 去 进 行 时
过 去 将 来 时
过去完成时
谓语动词构 成
was
＋p.p.
were
was
＋being＋p.p.
were
would ＋be＋p.p.
was
＋going to＋be＋p.p.
were
had ＋been＋p.p.
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