初中英语中考复习 专题 05 数词和主谓一致 ——《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题 05 数词和主谓一致 ——《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版），共9页。
【2019 • 四川省广元市】On my ________ birthday, I got a new schoolbag as a gift from my parents.A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth【参考答案】B【试题解析】考查序数词用法。句意：在我的______生日，我从父母那里收到了新书包作为礼物。A. Nine基数词，九；B. ninth第九，序数词；C. the ninth第几个，有冠词the。表示某人的第若干个生日用序数词，排除A；因为空格前面有物主代词my修饰，不再用冠词，排除C，故选B。此题考查基数词和序数词，大部分同学都掌握住了基数词的用法和写法，但是一些同学可能因为记不住序数词的形式而做错题。故掌握住基数词变序数词的规则很重要。基数词的构成(1)0—12单独记。如： zero, one, two, three等。(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如：fourteen, seventeen等，但13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen需要特殊记。(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty等。(4)＂几十几＂要加连字符号＂-＂。48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。(5)＂几百几十＂或者＂几百几十几＂在＂百＂后加and。156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作million(百万)，第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)，hundred后莫忘＂and＂。3,610＝three thousand six hundred and ten；94,295＝ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five；序数词的构成first                 1stsecond              2ndthird                3rdfourth               4thfifth                5thsixth                6thseventh              7theighth               8thninth                9thtenth               10theleventh                 11thtwelfth                  12ththirteenth                13thfourteenth               14thfifteenth                 15thsixteenth                16thseventeenth              17theighteenth               18thnineteenth               19thtwentieth                20thtwenty-first                     21sttwenty-second                  22ndthirtieth                        30thfortieth                        40thfiftieth                         50thsixtieth                        60thseventieth                      70theightieth                       80thninetieth                       90thhundredth                     100thone hundred and first            101st(1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分别是first, second, third。(2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都在相应基数词后面加＂th＂构成。如：fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加＂-eth＂。如：thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。【2019 • 甘肃省天水市】________ students in our class ________ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; areC. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B、C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。这道题考查的是分数的表达法，由语境可知，此处表达的是四分之三，四分之三的英语表达是three fourths，另外还可以表达成three quarters，quarter意为＂一刻钟，四分之一＂，因此四分之三可以用three quarters表达。另外，学生应牢记＂分子大于一，分母加s＂的规则。分数的表达法   分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。►1/3  one third    7/9  seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：►a half 二分之一       a quarter =one fourth 四分之一    three quarters=three fourths 四分之三【助记】    【2019 • 四川省凉山中考】—What’s in the picture on the wall?    —There __________ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.    A. has         B. are            C. is           D. have【参考答案】C 【试题解析】句意：——墙上的画里是什么？——有一个老师和一些学生在操场上正在踢足球。there be句型表示某地有某物，用此句型不能再由have；此句型有个就近原则，be动词的选择取决于与之挨着的名词。名词的可数名词单数或者是不可数名词的话就用is，是复数名词用are。根据句中的a teacher可以判断be动词用is。故选C。    易做错这道题的原因有两个，一个是分数的表达法没有掌握住，另外一个谓语动词的单复数形式没把握住规则，看到three fifths，觉得是复数概念，谓语动词就用复数形式，导致错误。学生应看到three fifths of修饰的中心词是land，是不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。    谓一致遵循三个原则：1. 就近一致原则。2. 意义一致原则。3. 语法一致原则。1. 意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。【典例】The woman behind the girls _____________ a famous actress. A. is   B. are  C. have  D. has【答案】A【解析】在本句中，句子主语为woman，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，排除B、C两项。本句为系表结构，排除D项。故选A。2. 语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。These books are old. 这些书是旧的。【典例】The Greens _____________ dinner in the kitchen now. A. is having    B. having     C. are having【答案】C【解析】the Greens意为＂格林一家；格林夫妇＂，表复数意义，故选C。3. 就近原则就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。【典例】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _____________ good at drawing. A. is  B. am  C. are【答案】B【解析】在not only... but also...作主语的句子中，谓语动词的形式要根据but also后所跟的名词或代词而定。【知识归纳】 含义例句语法一致指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。意义一致又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。就近一致又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。【助记】         1. 基数词变序数词。2. 分数的表达法。3. 数词和主谓一致。1. 【2019 • 湖北鄂州中考】Our country is nearly __________ years old. We’ll celebrate its __________ birthday on October 1, 2019 around the country.A. seventy; seventy  B. seventy; seventiethC. seventieth; seventy  D. seventieth; seventieth2. 【2019 • 贵州安顺中考】Nowadays, __________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about __________ of them are adults.A. the number of; four-fifths B. a number of; four-fifthC. a number of; four-fifths D. the number of; four-five3. 【2019 • 湖南湘西中考】—How many books are there on the shelf？—Well. I think there are            books.A. two hundred and forty-six        B. two hundreds and forty   C. two hundred fourteen4. 【2019 • 四川省凉山中考】There are          people in Dale’s family. They live on the           floor. A. five; nine        B. fifth; nine            C. five; ninth        D. fifth; ninth5. 【2019 • 甘肃省武威中考】September is the __________ month of a year.A. seventh B. eighth C. ninth D. tenth6. 【2019 • 甘肃省兰州中考】We gave away __________ books to the school library last year.A. six thousands B. six thousandC. six thousands of D. six thousand of7. 【2019 • 湖南省郴州中考】Every year, __________ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.A. thousand    B. thousands of  C. thousand of8. 【2019 • 山东滨州中考】—Which month of the year do you like best?—July, the __________ month, because summer vacation begin in this month.A. seven     B. six    C. seventh    D. sixth9. 【2019 • 甘肃兰州中考】In the near future, there __________ self-driving cars in our city.A. is     B. was     C. are    D. will be10. 【2019 • 福建省中考】There __________ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.A. is     B. are     C. be11. 【2019 • 四川广元中考】Not only you but also I ________ interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.A. am B. is C. are12.【2019 • 湖北襄阳中考】—Is Dongjin High-speed Railway Station the               largest in Hubei Province?—Yes, of course. It’s just a little smaller than the largest one in Wuhan.A. first B. second C. third D. fourth I. 单项选择。(2019年汕头市潮南区模拟）After the government carried out the two-child policy, she had a        child in her       .A. second; thirtieth B. second; thirties C. secondly; thirtieth D. secondly; thirties(河北武邑中学2019—2020学年第三次月考试题）——Not only his parents but also his sister _____ to the  Palace Museum. ——They haven’t been back. have been   B. have gone C. has been  D. has gone.3.（吉林长春外国语学校2019—2020学年第一学期期中测试）Not only my best friend Mary but also I __________ abroad to get further education.    A. have been to B. have been     C. has been       D. has been to 4.(广东省江门市2019-2020学年度第一学期期中调研) There ___a great number of students there. The number of the students____five thousand.A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is;is（广东珠海市北大附属实验中学2020届九年级上学期10月调研）.— Not only Tom’s parents but also Tom ______ traveling is a good way to experience different cultures.           — So do I.A. thinks B. think C. doesn’t think D. don’t think6. (安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟）.My sister with my parents ________ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.A. are making B. is makingC. was making D. were making7. President Xi Jinping, together with his wife Peng Liyuan, visited USA from April 6 to 7. This is his ______________ visit to America .  A. eight       B. the eight       C. eighth        D. the eighth8. —How do your students improve their English writing?  —Well, about ______________ of the students like keeping diaries in English in our class.  A. two fifth             B. two fifths      C. second five            D. two five9.___________ of the students in our class ___________ interested in WeChat on the Internet.A. Two fifths；is       B. Two fives；is  C. Two fifth；are      D. Two fifths；are10. —How old is your sister?  —______________.We had a special party for her ______________ birthday yesterday.  A. Twenty-one；twenty-first         B. Twenty-first；twenty-first  C. Twenty-one；twenty-one         D. Twenty-first；twenty-one11. —How much ______________ the pair of shoes?  —Twenty dollars ______________ enough.  A. is; is           B. is; are           C. are; is           D. are; are12. Dutch tulips in Dafeng are so charming that ___________ tourists go there and enjoy the beautiful flowers every day.A. thousand of        B. thousands of  C. three thousand of       D. three thousands of