初中英语中考复习 专题02 说明阐述类-备战2020中考英语六大类作文高分秘笈

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题02 说明阐述类-备战2020中考英语六大类作文高分秘笈，共7页。试卷主要包含了 表示建议， 表示步骤， 表示计划等内容，欢迎下载使用。
类别要求人物说明文人物说明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要经历、事迹成就、影响和评价等。首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据需要选取写作素材，简明扼要而突出重点地去介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。人物介绍一般都是从外形到性格，或从一般经历到创造性的贡献，在最后常有结论性的评语。事物、事理说明类事物、事理说明文用来说明事物、阐明事理。它通过对具体事物的解说，或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事物的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得相关知识。它的主要特点是具有说明性、知识性、科学性和实用性。常用的说明方法有：列数字、下定义、作比较、举例子、作诠释等。题型设置以介绍某一事物为主，旨在考查学生对事物表述的陈述句的掌握和对事物特点的把握能力，主要采用一般现在时态。方式、方法说明类在中考书面表达题目中，方式、方法类的说明文占据相当大的比例，这类说明文题目中通常有＂how to＂。这类说明文主要是介绍为达到什么目的应怎样做，说明方法常采用举例子、分类别、作比较、下定义、引资料等方式。这类文章旨在考查学生说明方式方法的能力，主要以一般现在时态为主。说明文是中考书面表达题目中常见的写作形式。在初中阶段，说明文主要要求学生将活动、人物、地点等要素进行清楚地描述，考察学生的观察能力和将图表或所给提示词转化为完整文字信息的能力。要写出一篇合乎要求的说明文，应注意以下几点：一审: 要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。二定: 一定要点，根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。二定方法，常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳说明方法。三理: 理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各中心句的顺序。说明文常用的结构安排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。四查: 查写作要点，查段落层次，查时态语态，查用词、拼写、标点等。通过检查，可以避免一些不必要的错误，使文章趋于完美。常用连接词：1. 表示建议：should, had better do, suggest, advice, …is a good way…2. 表示步骤：first of all, at last, and then, after that…3. 表示计划：plan, prepare, for/ to do, be going to, will…常用句式：1. With the rapidly growing popularity of… 随着……的快速普及……2. It is quite clear that…十分清楚的是……3. There are some reasons for …关于……有以下理由。4. A recent survey suggest that…最近的一项调查显示……5. All we can do is to …我们所能做的就是……  （1）___________(事物)is/lies   （地理位置）. It has/ is __________ （特征）. There are many places of interest here, for example, __________（景点介绍）. There are also many __________（人们的活动、风俗等）.I hope/ think  __________（看法和感受）.（2）The table below shows that__________（说明问题或现象）. __________（数据）percent __________（现象一）. __________（数据）percent（现象二）. __________（数据）percent__________（现象三）.In my opinion____________(自己的观点和感受).典例一【2019 •湖北省黄石市】假如你是国际学校的学生李华，你的同学Tom写了一封邮件询问你暑假的安排，请给Tom回封邮件，告知你的计划，并邀请他来黄石游玩。内容包括：1. 读几本好书；          2. 参加社会实践活动；          3. 帮父母做家务；          4. 和朋友一起锻炼；          5. 邀请Tom。注意：1. 词数80左右；      2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；      3. 文中不能出现与本人相关信息；      4. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词忙：有意义的  meaningful      经典文学作品classic literature works          社会实践活动social practice activitiesDear Tom,I'm very happy to hear from you. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. 主要人称：第一人称2. 主体时态：一般现在时               3.要点梳理：收到信之后很开心；回答来信里的问题：(读几本好书；参加社会实践活动；帮父母做家务； 和朋友一起锻炼.)；邀请Tom来黄石；询问Tom的暑假计划。寒暄客套  How are you going these days?引入话题→ Summer vacation is coming soon. Here I’d like to share my holiday plan ...                    介绍计划→ First of all, I am going to read some good books to open up my mind...提出邀请→ Last but not least, I am about to invite you to visit my hometown…询问对方计划→How about yours? I am looking forward to your early reply. 【参考范文】Dear Tom,I'm very happy to hear from you. How are you going these days? Summer vacation is coming soon. Here I’d like to share my holiday plan with you. First of all, I am going to read some good books to open up my mind. What’s more, I’ll take part in some volunteer activities to raise awareness of serving the society and improve my social communication ability. Of course, exercise is must. I will run, play basketball, ride a bike and so on. Last but not least, I am about to invite you to visit my hometown, Huangshi and I really want to meet you.How about yours? I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua  典例二(2019河北省中考)文明礼貌从我做起，从现在开始，从点滴小事做起。请根据下面的提示和要求，   以 “When to Say Thank You”为题，写一篇短文。提示:1) When should we say “thank you” at home?2)  When are we supposed to say “thank you” at school?3)  ...要求:1) 短文须包括提示中的两个要点和一个补充要点，可适当发挥。2)  短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。3)  词数80个左右。(开头已给出，不计入总词数)4)  参考词汇: wash, encourage, openWhen to Say Thank YouIt’s polite to say “thank you” when others help us or say something kind to us.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.  主要人称：第一人称2. 主体时态：一般现在时                                       3.要点梳理：说谢谢的重要性；什么情况下要说谢谢（在家——对父母，在学校——对老师同学，在公共场合——对帮助自己的人）；多说谢谢达到的效果。引入话题→ Being polite is a good tradition in our country. Nobody likes a person who is impolite. It’s important for us to be polite.分述说谢谢的场合和对象→ We should say “thank you” to parents when they cook for us .....; We should also be polite at school......;When someone open the door for us, we should say “thank you”.达到的理想效果→If everyone is polite to others, the world will be more and more beautiful.【参考范文】When to Say Thank YouIt’s polite to say “thank you” when others help us or say something kind to us. Being polite is a good tradition in our country. Nobody likes a person who is impolite. It’s important for us to be polite. We should say “thank you” to parents when they cook for us. We should say “thank you” when they wash clothes for us. We should also be polite at school. When the teachers help us work out questions, we should say “thank you” to them. When we get bad grades and the teachers and classmates encourage us, we should say “thank you”. When someone open the door for us, we should say “thank you”. We should say “thank you” as often as possible. If everyone is polite to others, the world will be more and more beautiful.A【2019 • 广西北部湾经济区】暑假将至，你校English Club 在社刊上发起了征文活动，题目为“My Plan for Summer Holiday”。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。写作要点：1. 学习计划2. 运动计划3. 娱乐计划4. 你的愿望写作要求：1. 内容必须包括所给要点，可适当发挥，使行文连贯；2. 语篇完整，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范；3. 文中不得出现人名、校名以及透露个人信息的地名，否则不予评分；4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My Plan for Summer HolidaySummer holiday is coming. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________                                        B【2019 •四川省广元市】假如你叫李军，你家于2017年被列为“精准扶贫”的帮扶对象，在政府两年的帮扶下，你家变化巨大。时值学校校报举办“家的变化”主题征文活动，请你根据以下内容要点，用英语写一篇70词左右的短文，参加本次活动。内容要点：过去1. 家庭贫困，房屋破旧。2. 母亲生病，为母担忧，成绩下滑。现在3. 住进新房，母亲康复，学习进步。4. 生活日趋改善。要求: 1. 词数:70词左右。短文开头语已给出，但不计入总词数。2. 短文中必须包括所有要点，但不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥。3. 短文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。My name is Li Jun. Thanks to the government, my family has changed a lot in the last two years. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________  ____________________________________________________________________________________________ AMy Plan for Summer HolidaySummer holiday is coming. I will make a plan for it. First, I will finish my homework. Then I'll read more good books. And I plan to read four great books to improve myself. Second, I will keeping exercising and learn to play table tennis. It's good for my health. Third, I'll go to Nanning for two weeks. Also, I plan to climb Nanshan tea sea. I hope I can be a volunteer. I want to visit the old people, give them gifts and sing for them.I'm looking forward to having a good summer in the vacation. BMy name is Li Jun． Thanks to the government， my family has changed a lot in the last two years．My family used to be poor and we lived in a small and old house．I don't have any new clothes．My grades dropped because my mother was sick and couldn't afford to see a doctor．Sometimes， I even want to leave school to support my family．Now， with the help of the government， great changes took place in our lives．We live in a new house．My mother is healthy．I can also set my mind on my study and make great progress in my study．Our life is improving day by day     如果你去欧洲旅行，你或许会考虑花些时间游览下普罗旺斯。无论你是对美丽的地方、古老的历史，美味的食物和美酒感兴趣，还是对音乐大剧院狂热迷恋，普罗旺斯能够满足最挑剔的游客所有的需求。在普罗旺斯，最著名的就是薰衣草和太阳花了。今天的普罗旺斯风情万种，拥有靓丽的阳光和宁静的空气。普罗旺斯能够调动你所有的感官，散发微香的薰衣草，美味的葡萄酒，怡人的气候让这成为人间天堂。