初中英语中考复习 专题05-介词-2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题05-介词-2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）（原卷版），共13页。
 专题05-介词2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版） 目录1.介词的概念2.介词的种类3.介词短语的功能4.介词的用法5.牛刀小试1.介词的概念介词是一种虚词，一般用在名词、代词等的前面，用来表示其后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语和其他句子成分的关系，在句子中不能单独作句子成分，需和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。介词后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语叫介词宾语。可以作介词宾语的词通常有：1）名词、代词或从句。如：He lives near the school. 他居住在学校附近。Our teacher was very angry with him. 我们的老师非常生他的气。2）动名词。如：They have a good idea for solving this problem. 他们有一个解决这个问题的好方法。3）动词不定式（仅限于介词but，except）。如：I want nothing except to sleep. 除了睡觉，我什么也不想做。 2.介词的种类1）根据结构分类简单介词：即由一个词构成的单一介词。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。复合介词：即由两个词组合在一起的介词，也称合成介词。如：without，inside，outside，into，within　　短语介词：即由短语构成的介词。如：because of，according to，thanks to等。2）根据意义分类表示地点的介词：at，behind，beside，around，near，on，by，in front of，across等。表示时间的介词：about，at，after，before，by，during，in，over，past，since，until等。表示原因的介词：for，with，from等。表示手段和方式的介词：by，in，with等。表示“除去”的介词：but，except，besides等。表示其他含义的介词：about (关于，大约), on (关于), without (没有), off (从……离开), instead of (代替), with (和)等。 3.介词短语的功能介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分：1）作表语：如：She looks like an actress. 她看上去像演员。
What’s the book about? 这本书是讲什么的？
2）作宾语补足语：如：A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他卧床一周。I found my mother on the bus. 我发现我妈妈在公交车上。3）作状语：如：I will wait for you until tomorrow. 我等你到明天。The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face. 那位老师面带笑容进了教室。4）作定语：如：A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 4.介词的用法1) 时间介词：at/ in/ on表示具体的时间点（几点钟）前面用介词at。如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六点起床。注意：at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时at night 在夜间 at weekends / the weekend 在周末表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介词on。如：We can play football on Sunday. 我们可以在星期天踢足球。They came to my house on a cold winter morning. 他们在一个寒冷的早晨来到了我家。表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in，如在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。如：I was born in May.  我出生在五月。They came here in 1998.  他们在1998年来这里的。What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么？注意:表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in，但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on。 in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning  在星期一的上午2）时间介词：for，sincefor 和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段表示“（延续）……之久”。since +时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。如：They have lived in China for ten years. 他们在北京住了十年了。She has worked here since last year. 从去年起她就在这里工作。3）时间介词：in，afterin+时间段表示从现在算起一段时间以后，一般用于将来时；after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后，一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时。如：He’ll be back in three hours.     他三小时后回来。He came back after three hours.  三小时后，他回来了。He’ll be back after 3 o’clock.   他三点后会回来。 4) 方位介词：at，in，on，to表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。如：We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain. 我们在山脚下举行野餐。表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词in。Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东省在中国的东部。（山东省在中国范围之内）表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。（日本在中国范围之外）表示两者相互接触，强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。如：Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu. 山东省在江苏省的北部。（两省接壤） 5) 地点介词：in/on / under/ above / over/ below表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。如：There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。（书在课桌表面上）表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。如：There are some dumplings in the bowl. 碗里有一些水饺。（水饺在碗里面）表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方，用介词under。（一般为正下方）如：There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。（球在椅子的下面）below意思是“在……之下”，所指范围较宽，不一定在某物的正下方。如：From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.从飞机上我们可以看到下面城镇的全貌。表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含义，用介词above, 其反义词为below。如：His room is above ours. 他的房间在我们的上面。表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over，有时有“覆盖；越过”之意。如：His room is over ours. 他的房间就是我们头上的那间。There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大桥。（桥在河的上面）6) 方位介词between，amongbetween是表示在两者之间；among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。如：It’s a secret between you and I. 这是我和你之间的秘密。There is a village among the trees.在树林里面有一个小村庄。7) 表示工具、手段、材料的in，by，within可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”; 也可以表示用某种工具或材料的意思。如：Can you answer my question in English？你能用英语回答我的问题吗？Don’t write in pencil. Please write in ink. 不要用铅笔写，请用墨水写。by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名词连用时，中间不用冠词。如：My father often goes to work by bus. 我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。如：He made a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报为生。with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如：如：We write with our hands. 我们用手写字。I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切开了蛋糕。8) 方位介词across，through，past表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past。如：They swam across the river.  他们游过了河。The boys go through the forest quickly.  这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。　　They drove past a big supermarket.  他们开车经过一家大超市。9）except，besidesexcept表示“除……之外”其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除……之外”，其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。如：All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom. 除了汤姆以外，其他的同学都参加了运动会。（汤姆没有参加）We need three more boys besides Tom. 除了汤姆以外，我们还需要三个男同学。（我们也需要汤姆） 5.牛刀小试 1．（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）We often study English ________ reading out aloud.A．in B．by C．on D．for2．（2022·辽宁·丹东市第十九中学二模）________ milk and cheese, we also need some vegetables and fruit for our salad.A．Except B．Without C．Besides D．Of3．（2022·江苏·南通田家炳中学模拟预测）— Sorry, you can’t enter our museum now. It’s ________ the visiting hours.— Oh, I didn’t notice the time. I’ll come early tomorrow.A．off B．against C．beyond D．opposite4．（2022·湖北黄石·模拟预测）—I could tell ________ the look on her face that something exciting had happened ________ a cold evening. —Exactly!A．on, in B．with, on C．by, on D．by, in5．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）—Dr. Martin Luther King was killed ________ April 4th, 1968.—What a pity! Today is April 4th, 2022. I think 54 years ________ a short time, but I still remember him.A．in; are B．on; aren’t C．on; isn’t D．in; is6．（2022·贵州黔东南·二模）________ China’s National Constitution Day (国家宪法日), many educational activities are carried out to raise constitutional awareness ________ the public.A．In；between B．On；between C．On；among D．In；among7．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）Eastern Airlines flight MU5735 crashed(坠毁) in Guangxi ________ March, 21, 2022.A．on B．in C．at D．of8．（2022·云南昆明·二模）I’m looking forward to ________ a new life in the high school that I’ve dreamt of.A．start B．starts C．started D．starting9．（2022·甘肃·平凉市第七中学二模）________ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived ________ the train station for a tour.A．In; at B．On; in C．In; in D．On; at10．（2022·西藏·谢通门县中学二模）— When did your brother go to Peking University?— ________ July 1st, 1997.A．On B．In C．At D．For11．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Beijing will host the 24 Winter Olympics ________ 2022.A．on B．at C．for D．in12．（2022·广西·环江毛南族自治县教育局三模）The Shenzhou 13 spacecraft successfully returned to the ground ________ the morning of April 16th, 2022.A．on B．in C．to D．at13．（2022·吉林省第二实验学校模拟预测）—How do you study for a test?—I study ________ working with groups.A．for B．by C．with D．to14．（2022·辽宁盘锦·模拟预测）My whole family went to the beach ________ my father. He was away on business.A．from B．including C．except D．besides15．（2022·吉林·东北师大附中明珠学校模拟预测）They’ve all read Tom Sawyer ________ me, so I don’t know how to write the report.A．besides B．except C．beside D．but16．（2022·甘肃武威·模拟预测）The People Republic of China ________ Oct 1st, 1949.A．was found on B．was found in C．was founded in D．was founded on17．（2022·重庆九龙坡·模拟预测）You’d better climb the mountains to relax __________ Sundays.A．on B．in C．at D．by18．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）Each year, people celebrate World Environment Day ________ 5th June.A．in B．at C．on D．with19．（2022·重庆·西南大学附中二模）—What were you doing _______ 8 o’clock last night? I called you but you didn’t answer.—Oh, my family usually go out for a walk _______ Saturday evenings.A．at; on B．at; in C．on; at D．on; in20．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—World Book Day is________ April 23rd every year.—I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities.　　A．at B．in C．on D．by21．（2022·江苏宿迁·九年级专题练习）To our excitement, the Asian elephant Molly arrived at Kunming Zoo _________ May 16th, 2022.A．at B．in C．on D．to22．（2017·四川德阳·中考真题）We have two math classes________Tuesday morning.A．in B．on C．of D．at23．（2022·重庆一中一模）Maria will arrive in Chongqing _______ August 8th .A．in B．on C．at D．to24．（2019·广西梧州·中考真题）The city museum closes ________ 7 o’clock in the evening.A．at B．from C．on D．of25．（2017·辽宁营口·中考真题）It is reported that heads of the state ________ 29 foreign countries attended the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (一带一路国际合作高峰论坛) ________ May 14 and 15, 2017.A．in; at B．at; for C．from; on D．of; in26．（2022·江苏宿迁·九年级专题练习）The astronauts gave another space lesson to millions of students _______ March, 2022.A．on B．in C．at D．of27．（2022·江苏宿迁·九年级专题练习）How nice it is to walk along the river with friends ________ a warm spring day!A．at B．in C．with D．on28．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）As we know, the opening ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022 was held ______ February 4th ________ the capital of China.A．in, on B．on, in C．at, in D．in, in29．（2022·江苏宿迁·九年级专题练习）I would like to go to the mountains because it’s too hot ________ July here.A．at B．in C．on D．as30．（2022·重庆南岸·一模）In order to save time, he decided to go to work _______ subway.A．with B．in C．on D．by31．（2022·河北·中考真题）Look! The fish is swimming fast ________ the river.A．at B．in C．of D．by32．（2022·江苏宿迁·九年级专题练习）________ the morning of April 16th, 2022, the astronauts of Shenzhou XIII returned to China .A．In B．From C．On D．At33．（2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music.A．on B．by C．over D．under34．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）Su Yiming got his gold medal of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ________ the afternoon of February 15th.A．on B．in C．at D．for35．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—I’m going to Disneyland ________ two weeks.—Wow, sounds like fun！A．to B．in C．at D．on36．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）________ spring, the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite.A．on B．In C．At D．With37．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Father’s Day comes ________ June every year.A．in B．on C．at D．to38．（2017·四川内江·中考真题）Last Tuesday, Li Ming and I did a survey about our classmates’ birthdays. Most of them were born ________ August, 2002.A．in B．on C．at D．of39．（2017·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Where is Mary flying? —She is flying to France soon. She will arrive in Paris ________ the morning of July 2.A．at B．on C．in D．of40．（2018·贵州贵州·中考真题）My parents often go to the movies ________ Saturday evenings.A．on B．in C．for D．at41．（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge ________ the sea helps people travel conveniently.A．over B．by C．in D．or42．（2016·四川资阳·中考真题）—Hi, Susan, when is Teachers’ Day in China?—It’s ________ September 10th.A．in B．on C．at D．for43．（2016·辽宁大连·中考真题）Disney opened a park in Shanghai ________ 16th June, 2016.A．in B．on C．at D．of44．（2016·四川达州·中考真题）—Where is Marry flying?—She is flying to France soon. She will arrive ________ Paris ________ the morning of July 2.A．to; on B．at; on C．in; in D．in; on45．（2018·四川内江·中考真题）The accident took place ________ a cold November evening.A．on B．in C．at D．for46．（2018·四川攀枝花·中考真题）—When did you come to our school? —I came here ________ August, 2015.A．on B．for C．at D．in47．（2017·贵州黔东南·中考真题）They arrived at the airport of Huangquan Park ________ the morning of June 7th.A．in B．at C．by D．on48．（2019·四川攀枝花·中考真题）The world-famous writer William Shakespeare was born ________ 1564.A．in B．for C．at D．on49．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）We’ll celebrate the 100th birthday of the Chinese Communist Party(中国共产党)           July 1st this year.A．in B．on C．at50．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）—What time does the library open in the morning?—It opens ________ 9 a.m.A．in B．on C．at D．between