初中英语中考复习 专题10 语态-2020年中考英语母题题源解密（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题10 语态-2020年中考英语母题题源解密（原卷版），共7页。
专题10    语态  【母题来源1】 【2020 • 北京中考】【母题原题】The kite ________ in China more than 2000 years ago.A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented【母题来源2】【2020 •贵州省安顺市】【母题原题】— Krystal, do you know how tea is produced? — Yes. When tea leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then ________ for processing.A. send B. are sent C. were sent【母题来源3】【2020 •乐山市】【母题原题】The 24th Winter Olympic Games ____________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022.A. is held B. will hold C. will be held【母题来源4】【2020 •新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】【母题原题】Most of the earth's surface________ by water.A. is covered B. covers C. is grown D. grows【母题来源5】【2020 •山东滨州市】 【母题原题】—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday?—Well, if I________, I will go on time.A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited【母题来源6】【2020•武汉市】【母题原题】—Do you need any help?—No, thanks. We ______________ a lot of support since last year.A. have offered B. have been offered C. were offered D. were offering【母题来源7】【2020•湖南省邵阳市】【母题原题】—A new airport will be buit in Tantou, Longhui. —Good news! But a lot of good farmland __________.A．will waste B．may be wasted C．has wasted【试题分析】这些试题均考查了一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时及含有情态动词的被动语态的用法及构成。【命题意图】    动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。【考试方向】1. 被动语态的句型；2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；3. 被动语态的用法；4. 主动语态变被动语态；5. 主动形式表示被动意义。【得分要点】被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。被动语态的构成1. 一般现在时：主语+am/ is/ are+动词的过去分词
 The flowers are watered every day.
每天给这些花浇水。
2.一般过去时：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词
 The house was built in the 1920s
这座房子是20世纪20年代建的。
3.一般将来时：主语+ will/am(is/are) going to+be 动词的过去分词
 The new bus station will be put into use next month.这个新车站下个月将投入使用。
4. 现在完成时：主语+ have/has been+动词的过去分词Two thirds of the work has been done by us.
我们已经完成三分之二的工作了。
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+动词的过去分词
 English must be spoken in this club. 在这个俱乐部里必须说英语。主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。The famous professor gave two lectures in English.→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。We call him Li Hua.→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。They take good care of these children.→These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.→The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座        be hidden 躲藏        be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉               be dressed 穿着不能用被动语态的几种情况：（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 被动语态记忆口诀被动语态强调＂宾＂，用 be加上＂过去分＂。＂be＂要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。＂行为对象＂作主语，逻辑主语＂by＂来引。原句若是双宾语，一变＂主＂来一保＂宾＂。＂间宾＂要把主语变，原来＂直宾＂还是＂宾＂。＂直宾＂要把主语变，＂间宾＂前加＂to＂最称心。唯有原＂宾＂是＂复合＂，只有变宾要当心。原句＂宾补＂变＂主补＂，位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变＂被动＂，情态加be加过分。如若＂情态＂后带to，变后有to才弄准。＂短语动词＂变＂被动＂，相当＂及物＂莫疑心。不过其后＂介＂或＂副＂，变后还得要承认。【母题1】【来源】【2020 • 北京市昌平区初三年级二模】A lot of vegetables ________to Wuhan during the 2020 Spring Festival.A. were sent B. sent C. is sent D. send【母题2】【来源】【2020 • 安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试（二）】Too much water ________ in the world every day, and we should do something to protect it.A. wastes B. wasted C. was wasted D. is wasted【母题3】【来源】【2020 • 江西省宜春市高安市二模】—Where is your book report? Did your dog eat it again?—No, it          almost         ，and then my computer just died on me!A. 不填；finishes B. 不填；finished C. is; finished D. was; finished【母题4】【来源】【2020 • 甘肃省张掖市第二学期第一次模拟】If you see the cartoon film, you will _____ laugh.A. be made B. be made to C. make to D. make【母题5】【来源】【2020 • 北京市101中学中考三模】The students________ many chances to take part in after-class activities every term．A. give B. gave C. are given D. were given【母题6】【来源】【2020 • 天津市和平区二模】A lot of new roads _______ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.A. built        B. were built         C. build           D. will be built【母题7】【来源】【2019 •天津市河西区初中毕业生学业考试】— Do you think teenagers __________ to make their own decisions?— No, I don’t think so. They’re too young to do that.A. encourage B. are encouragingC. should be encouraged D. were encouraged