初中英语中考复习 专题14-被动语态-2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题14-被动语态-2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）（原卷版），共10页。

目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc113220595" 考情分析： PAGEREF _Tc113220595 \h 1
\l "_Tc113220596" 1. 被动语态的结构 PAGEREF _Tc113220596 \h 1
\l "_Tc113220597" 2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 PAGEREF _Tc113220597 \h 2
\l "_Tc113220598" 3. 含有情态动词的被动语态 PAGEREF _Tc113220598 \h 2
\l "_Tc113220599" 4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 PAGEREF _Tc113220599 \h 3
\l "_Tc113220600" 5.含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态 PAGEREF _Tc113220600 \h 3
\l "_Tc113220601" 6.带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 PAGEREF _Tc113220601 \h 3
\l "_Tc113220602" 7.变被动语态的其他注意点 PAGEREF _Tc113220602 \h 4
\l "_Tc113220603" 8.牛刀小试 PAGEREF _Tc113220603 \h 4
考情分析：
中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如：
We ften clean the blackbard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）
The blackbard is ften cleaned by us. （黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。
1. 被动语态的结构
一般现在时：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时：will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时：have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词
现在进行时：am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词
过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词
如：
Yu are wanted n the phne.
有你的电话。
China was liberated in 1949.
1949年中国解放。
The prblem will be discussed tmrrw.
明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
Nt a bk in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
My bike is being repaired.
我的自行车正在修理。
The bk had been brrwed when I gt t the library.
我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
如：
All the peple laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all peple.
They make the bikes in the factry. → The bikes are made by them in the factry.
He cut dwn a tree. → A tree was cut dwn by him.
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带t的情态动词变成被动语态后“t”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in tw days. → This watch can be repaired in tw days.
They shuld d it at nce. → It shuld be dne at nce.
4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他
被动语态: 间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用)或:直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 介词(fr / t) + 间接宾语 + 其他
如：
My father gave me a new bk n my birthday.
→ I was given a new bk n my birthday (by my father).
→ A new bk was given t me n my birthday (by my father).
My father bught me a new cmputer yesterday.
→ I was bught a new cmputer yesterday (by my father).
→ A new cmputer was bught fr me yesterday (by my father).
我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
5.含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态
有些相当于及物动词的短语动词,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可用于被动语态,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。
如：
She lks after her grandmther. → Her grandmther is lked after (by her).
她照顾她的祖母。
6.带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
如：
His teacher fund him a very gd pupil.
→ He was fund a very gd pupil by his teacher.
他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
7.变被动语态的其他注意点
（1） 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带t,但在被动句中,则要保留t。
如：
Linda’s parents make her practice the pian every Sunday.
→Linda is made t practice the pian every Sunday.
琳达的父母亲使她每天练习钢琴。
（2） 有些及物动词如have(有),reach, cst等,以及有些连系动词如smell, taste, sund, feel等,不用于被动语态。
如：
【误】 Five dllars is cst by this bk.
【正】 This bk csts five dllars.
书花费了5元。
【误】 The fd is tasted nice.
【正】 The fd tastes nice.
食物尝起来挺好。
（3） 如mve, lck, shut, pen等作不及物动词与can’t, wn’t等连用时,以及如read, write, wash, clean等作不及物动词与well, easily等副词连用时,已含有被动意义,因此形式上不再采用被动结构。
如：
The dr wn’t pen.
门不能开了。
The clthes wash well.
衣服洗好了。
8.牛刀小试
1．（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）—D yu think junir high schl students ________ t get their ears pierced?
—N, I dn’t think s. It is against the schl rules.
A．shuld allwB．allwC．have allwedD．shuld be allwed
2．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）Li Yan ________ t the welcme party yesterday.
A．invitesB．is invitedC．was invitedD．will invite
3．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—D Chinese peple like ping-png a lt?
—Yes. It _______ by peple f all ages.
A．playsB．is playedC．playedD．was played
4．（2022·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）It’s said that the kite _______ in China ver 2000 years ag.
A．inventsB．inventedC．was inventedD．is invented
5．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）The stry f Xiahui is s tuching that it will never ________ by us.
A．is frgttenB．frgetC．be frgttenD．frgt
6．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Students in ur schl ________ t swim in the rivers r lakes alne.
—Neither are we. After all, safety must cme first.
A．allwB．dn’t allwC．aren’t allwed
7．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Three Chinese astrnauts（宇航员） ________ t China Space Statin successfully n June 5, 2022.
A．sentB．are sentC．were sent
8．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）In the Wlng Panda Reserve, visitrs ________ t get clser t pandas.
A．allwB．allwedC．are allwingD．are allwed
9．（2022·广西梧州·中考真题）Three Chinese astrnauts ________ int space n June 5th, 2022.
A．were takingB．are taking
C．were takenD．are taken
10．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）The 24th Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiaku in 2022, frm February 4th t 20th.
A．heldB．was heldC．will be heldD．has been held
11．（2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）It’s said that tea _________ fr the first time abut 5,000 years ag.
A．drinksB．drankC．is drunkD．was drunk
12．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）Sme new schls ________ in ur city next year.
A．are builtB．were builtC．will buildD．will be built
13．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）A speech n rbts ________ in the schl hall next Friday afternn.
A．is givenB．will be given
C．was givenD．has been given
14．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）It’s a lng time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park.
A．was takenB．takesC．is takenD．tk
15．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）It’s said that tea __________ by accident abut five thusand years ag.
A．was inventedB．is inventedC．will be inventedD．were invented
16．（2022·广西·中考真题）Chinese _________ by mre and mre peple in the wrld.
A．speakB．speaksC．is speakingD．is spken
17．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）A new supermarket ________ n Center Street next year.
A．was builtB．will be builtC．is built
18．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— Peple ________ t take their temperatures befre they g int the supermarket during the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情).
— I think it’s a gd way t prtect urselves.
A．are askingB．are askedC．askedD．ask
19．（2022·北京·中考真题）On ur farm, the tea leaves ________ by hand when they are ready.
A．pickB．pickedC．are pickedD．were picked
20．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）I ________ by aliens n my way hme the ther day. D yu believe me?
A．have attackedB．was attackedC．was attackingD．am attacked
21．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing.
A．hldB．heldC．is heldD．was held
22．（2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）Five mre clubs ________ next week t make ur schl life rich and clrful.
A．set upB．are set upC．will be set upD．were set up
23．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mum, culd I watch the mvie The Battle at Changjin Lake tnight?
—Of curse, if yur hmewrk ______.
A．finishesB．finishedC．was finishedD．is finished
24．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）The Frbidden City (紫禁城), the largest palace in the wrld, ________ mre than 600 years ag.
A．builtB．were builtC．was built upD．was building
25．（2022·广西贺州·中考真题）After the by’s hmewrk ________, he went ut t play.
A．finishedB．finishesC．was finishedD．is finished
26．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）UNICEF, part f the United Natins, ________ in Eurpe in 1946 after Wrld War II.
A．set upB．was set upC．tk upD．was taken up
27．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）— The Law n Family Educatin Prmtin (家庭教育促进法) _________ n Oct. 23, 2021.
— Yeah! It came int effect (生效) n Jan. 1, 2022.
A．passesB．was passedC．passedD．pass
28．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—Many DIY cards ________ t mthers n Mther’s Day every year.
—Hw creative!
A．is sendingB．are sendingC．is sentD．are sent
29．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The Yuth Sprts Center n Zixia Rad ________ last year.
A．builtB．was builtC．has builtD．was building
30．（2022·河北·中考真题）—Mmm…Delicius. What is it?
—It ________ zngzi, Tny. It’s a traditinal fd in China.
A．callsB．is calledC．calledD．was called
31．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything prduced in the wrld ________ n the streets f Chang’an.
A．is fundB．has been fundC．will be fundD．culd be fund
32．（2022·天津·中考真题）A lt f birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A．prtectB．is prtectedC．are prtectedD．prtected
33．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）—I hear that yu tk part in a frest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by ur schl green club t prtect frests.
A．rganizesB．rganizedC．was rganizedD．will be rganized
34．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）The tea in Yunnan is s famus that it ________ t places acrss the wrld every day.
A．sendsB．sentC．is sentD．will be sent
35．（2022·甘肃定西·中考真题）Paper ________ in ancient China mre than 2,000 years ag.
A．inventedB．was inventedC．inventD．is invented
36．（2022·江西·中考真题）Mr. Smith created a new game. Sn all his students ________ rules t play it.
A．teachB．taughtC．are taughtD．were taught
37．（2022·重庆·中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift fr him last week.
A．buysB．is bughtC．bughtD．was bught
38．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Last year, a new ld peple’s hme ________ in ur cmmunity.
A．buildsB．builtC．is builtD．was built
39．（2022·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Mre and mre high-technlgy prducts ________ in China.
—Yes. Our cuntry is becming strnger and strnger.
A．is makingB．are makingC．is madeD．are made
40．（2022·四川广元·二模）The 31st FISU Wrld University Games _________ frm June t July in 2022 in Chengdu, Sichuan.
A．hldsB．is heldC．will hldD．will be held
41．（2022·河北·大名县教育体育局教研室三模）Chinese ________ in many schls utside China.
A．teachesB．is taughtC．will teachD．will be taught
42．（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）Reusable bags ________ by mre and mre peple nw thugh a little expensive.
A．acceptB．are acceptedC．were acceptedD．accepted
43．（2022·重庆市育才中学二模）The ld shuld ________ in ur sciety.
A．be take gd care fB．take gd care f
C．be taken gd care fD．are taken gd care f
44．（2022·河北·馆陶县教师发展中心二模）Dumplings ________ by millins f freign peple as a kind f traditinal Chinese fd.
A．were lvedB．have lvedC．are lvedD．are lving
45．（2022·辽宁沈阳·二模）— Lk, Linda is laughing happily. What happened?
— She ________ by ur teacher just nw.
A．praisedB．is praisedC．was praisedD．was praising
46．（2022·重庆实验外国语学校二模）The ld bk that I fund in the shelf ________ by my grandfather many years ag.
A．was bughtB．is bughtC．buysD．bught
47．（2022·重庆八中模拟预测）A great deal f energy ________ if we can fllw the rules f 3R-Reduce, Reuse, Recycle in ur daily life.
A．will saveB．has savedC．are savedD．will be saved
48．（2022·河北·石家庄市第四十二中学模拟预测）Mre schl clubs ________ t students. They are sure t enjy them.
A．fferedB．were fferedC．are fferedD．have ffered
49．（2022·广西玉林·二模）— The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhu n September 10th this year. I’m lking frward t it very much.
— S am I.
A．hldsB．was heldC．will be heldD．will hld
50．（2022·河北·模拟预测）Bing Dwen Dwen ________ by its cute shape. I plan t buy ne.
A．is welcmedB．will be welcmedC．was welcmedD．has welcmed