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定语从句考点归纳课件PPT
展开考点一:关系词的选用:
关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词(wh,whm,that,which,whse);先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where,when,why)。
①wh,whm,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。Is he the man wh/that wants t see yu?他就是想见你的那个人吗?(wh/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whm/that I am waiting fr.他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whm/that在从句中作宾语)which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。He failed in the exam,which made his father angry.他考试不及格,这使他父亲很生气。②关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。具体用法如下:when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语;where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。The reasn why I dn’t trust him is that he ften tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
考点二:关系代词whse的用法
用来指人或物,在定语从句中只作定语
I knw the girl whse father is ur headmaster.我认识那个女孩,她的父亲是我们的校长。
The classrm whse dr is brken will sn be repaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。
考点三:that引导的定语从句
2、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1)在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。This is the best dictinary (that) there is in the library.(2)在不定代词,如:anything, nthing, the ne, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。(3)先行词有the nly, the very修饰时,只用that。 (4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。(5)先行词既有人,又有物时。例如:All that is needed is a supply f il.所需的只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stlen t the plice. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
考点四:介词+关系代词
The gentleman abut whm yu tld me yesterday prved t be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。In the dark street,there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
2、当复合介词短语+which引导定语从句时,这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,从句用倒装语序He lived in a big huse,in frnt f which std a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵大树。
3、介词+which/whm+不定式结构
The pr man has n huse in which t live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。
4、f+which/whm表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whse)
Recently I bught an ancient vase,the price f which(=whse price) was very reasnable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。
考点五:as与which 引导的定语从句:
1.关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式:
(1)像……那样的……。当先行词被such修饰或本身是such 时,as作为关系代词,引导定语从句,修饰这个先行词。如:We hpe t get such a tl as he is using.我们希望弄到像他使用的一样的工具。They are such warm hearted men as I’ll never frget.他们是那样热心的,我永远不会忘记的人们。That was such terrible weather as destryed ur whle trip plan.那是一个那样可怕的天气,毁坏了我们的整个旅游计划。
【注意】与的区别as引导定语从句,as要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导结果状语从句,that在从句中不作成分。
(2)the 像……一样的……。这是一个习惯句式。当先行词是the same或被the same修饰时,后面的定语从句常用as引导,这时as是关系代词,常在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。这样的定语从句常用省略形式如:I live in the same huse as he(lives in). 我的房子与他的房子相同。 She gt the same salary as a man(gt).她的薪金与男的相同。
【注意】as引导的这种从句有时用that或where引导。that表示“同一个人或物”;as表示“相同中的另一个”。如:I lived in the same huse that he lives in.我与他住在同一房子中。 I lived in the same huse where he lives.
2、关系代词as,which的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容,而不是主句中的某一个词。The weather turned ut t be very gd,which was mre than we culd expect.(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用as。As is knwn t everybdy,the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.=The mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth,as/which is knwn t everybdy.=It is knwn t everybdy that the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.=What is knwn t everybdy is that the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.后两句属名词性从句范畴。(3)as意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多是see,knw,expect,say,mentin,reprt,annunce等;which意为“这一点”。As is knwn t all,Bell invented the telephne.=Bell invented the telephne,as is knwn t all.As is ften the case,Mike was late again and made up an excuse t fl the bss.
注意定语从句和其他从句的区别
1、定语从句与并列句1) ① I saw sme trees, and the leaves f them were black with disease.② I saw sme trees, the leaves f which were black with disease.2)① The prfessr is a little man, n the nse f whm there is a pair f glasses② The prfessr is a little man, and n the nse f him there is a pair f glasses
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键
2、定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的(名词)”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词,如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分,可用which 或wh/whm代替;而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。
We all have heard the news that ur team wn.我们都听到了我们球队胜利的消息。 (同位语从句,that从句表示news的内容,that 在从句中不作任何成分) We dn’t believe the news that/which he tld us yesterday. 我们不相信他昨天告诉我们的那个消息。(定语从句,that 作tld 的宾语).
that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制;在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替;而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份,不能省略,不能用which代替。
3、定语从句与强调句型1)a. It is in this rm that I lived last year.b. It is the rm where I lived last year.2) a. It was at seven ’clck that he went t schl this mrning.b. It was seven ’clck when he went t schl this mrning.
强调句型:It is/was+被强调的成份+that/wh+其它部分; 去掉 It is/was….that/wh… ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。
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