2023届统考版高考英语二轮专项分层特训阅读理解保分练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意、段落大意类含答案

这是一份2023届统考版高考英语二轮专项分层特训阅读理解保分练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意、段落大意类含答案，共7页。
阅读理解保分练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意、段落大意类　 A[2022·成都市高三质检]During the time when Theodor Geisel was working as a children's book author, a popular primer (初级读本) for young children involved the story of two characters named Dick and Jane. However, Dick and Jane were boring. Consequently, these boring characters kept children from learning how to read. Writer John Hershey described the problem in a 1954 article in Life magazine. Upon reading it, William Spaulding, the director of Houghton Mifflin's education division, decided to invite Geisel to create an exciting children's book.Geisel thought, “No sweat”. But in fact, he did sweat for a year and a half. Accustomed to inventing words at his leisure in his previous books, the imaginative author underestimated how difficult it would be to limit his vocabulary to around 200 words. He stared at Spaulding's word list for a year but got nothing.Out of frustration, he finally chose the first two words that rhymed as the title. Cat and hat were what he found. He next worked on what the cat would look like and how he would act. As Geisel wrote, his cat was shaped and inspired by two other cartoon cats he had admired since childhood. The first was from comic Krazy Kat. Geisel's cat would channel Krazy's physical appearance. As for its personality, Geisel looked to another cartoon cat for inspiration：Felix the Cat. Felix was adventurous and Geisel's cat would behave with similar confidence.Now that he had a main character, finding things for that character to do within the limitation of the word list was like putting his cat in a straitjacket. As Geisel slowly wrote and rewrote The Cat in the Hat throughout 1956, he figured out a few tricks to help his writing. He would repeat words or phrases, which gave his work a distinct and regular rhythm that helped young readers learn words through look­say repetition.Upon publication in 1957, The Cat in the Hat was an instant hit and made Geisel a world famous children's book author.1．What made it hard for Geisel to create his story?A．The restriction of word selections.B．Criticisms from another writer.C．The publisher's demand for quality.D．The change of his writing topic.2．What do we know about the cat in Geisel's book?A.It is as confident as Krazy.B．It is dressed in a straitjacket.C．It takes after Felix in appearance.D．It takes on features of two cartoon cats.3．Which of the following best describes the language in The Cat in the Hat?A．Varied and plain.B．Simple but insightful.C．Repetitive and rhythmic.D．Limited but well­organized.4．What is the text mainly about?A．The creation of cats in children's books.B．The story behind a famous children's book.C．A well­known writer in children's literature.D．Difficulties and skills in writing a children's book.B[2022·沈阳市高三质检]Loneliness is significant mental health concern and can raise the risk of death by 45% and contact with nature in cities significantly reduces feelings of loneliness, according to a team of scientists.The study is the first to assess how the environment can affect loneliness. It used real­time data, collected via a smartphone app, rather than relying on people's memory of how they were feeling.The research found that feelings of overcrowding increased loneliness by an average of 30%. But when people were able to see trees or hear birds, feelings of loneliness fell by 28%. Feelings of social inclusion also cut loneliness by 21% and when these feelings coincided (同时发生) with contact with nature, the beneficial effect was boosted by a further 18%.The findings pointed to interventions to reduce loneliness. The researchers said, “Specific measures that increase social inclusion and contact with nature should be taken, especially in thickly populated cities.” Time spent in nature is known to boost well­being, with woodland walks estimated to save the UK at least ￡185 million a year in mental health costs, for example.The research collected data from urban citizens across the world using the Urban Mind research app. More than 750 people provided 16, 600 of these assessments. The participants were self­selecting so it did not provide a representative sample of the wider populations. But when the researchers took age, education, and occupations into account, the benefits of nature contact and feelings of social inclusion on loneliness remained strongly statistically significant. Johanna Gibbons, part of the research team, said, “Cities are probably the only habitat that is increasing at a high rate. So we should be creating urban habitats where people can thrive (兴旺发达).”5．How was the research conducted?A．By relying on people's memory.B．By surveying 750 urban participants.C．By collecting data through a smartphone app.D．By checking a worldwide representative sample.6．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A．Many big cities take the lead in the research.B．Time spent indoors improves people's well­being.C．Woodland walks greatly reduce social contact with people.D．Interventions to reduce loneliness benefit the UK financially.7．What can be inferred about the research?A．It offers a wide range of samples globally.B．The findings are statistically remarkable.C．The carefully selected participants are reliable.D．Three other factors are considered except education.8．What's the text mainly about?A．The mental problems of living in big cities.B．Developing urban habitats at high speed.C．Research on how to get rid of loneliness in nature.D．Reducing loneliness in cities via contact with nature.C[2022·贵阳市五校高三联考]When it comes to poverty relief efforts in the developing world, small is the new big. Consider juncao, a group of wild grasses that have become one of China's most significant contributions to the world's sustainable development, with multiple uses being shared by people in 105 countries to help deal with food issues and desertification (沙漠化).Juncao, which literally means “the herbal plant for growing edible (可食用的) mushrooms”， has worked miracles for Chinese scientists who are cultivating (培育) it as a substrate for growing edible and medicinal mushrooms or as food for the animals kept on the farm, as well as using it as a green barrier to stop sand hills from advancing.China introduced the grass and its cultivation technology to Papua New Guinea more than 20 years ago to help local farmers raise livestock and grow edible mushrooms. “We hope we will help double the agricultural production capacity and farmers' incomes in Papua New Guinea，” said Lin Zhanxi, a professor of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and the chief scientist for grass development.It's been 35 years since Lin selected the grass species to replace wood as a substrate for growing mushrooms in East China's Fujian Province, and this has saved vast coverage of natural forest there. Through the years, Lin has developed 45 varieties of juncao, which can be used to cultivate 55 mushroom species.Despite his age, Lin has often traveled afar to help people in developing countries learn about the benefits of this agricultural technology. “The first time I went to Papua New Guinea in 1997, I realized how people there were struggling with extreme poverty，” Lin said. At that time, a tribe chief knelt down before Lin to thank him for bringing the technique to save them from starvation. To his astonishment, the tribe people celebrated the whole night. Members of the team were so touched that they decided to stay and help the people shake off poverty. In a land without electricity or modern devices, the team members worked there for eight years to teach locals how to cultivate and use the grass.9．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A．The promotion of juncao.B．The appearance of juncao.C．The application of juncao.D．The evolution of juncao.10．What is the main purpose of introducing juncao to Papua New Guinea?A．To feed livestock.B．To fight against sandstorms.C．To grow mushrooms.D．To relieve its poverty.11．What can we infer about the previous way of growing mushrooms in Fujian Province?A．People cut down trees to use the wood as a substrate.B．People covered mushrooms with leaves.C．People grew mushrooms in the natural forest.D．People relied on wild grass to grow mushrooms.12．What made Lin Zhanxi surprised in Papua New Guinea?A．A tribe chief knelt down before him.B．Locals celebrated for his technology all night.C．Natives lack electricity and modern devices.D．The team worked there for eight years.[答题区]题号123456789101112答案                 阅读理解保分练（七）A语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——文学艺术——儿童作家Theodor Geisel创作《戴帽子的猫》的过程1．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Accustomed to inventing words at his leisure...around 2000 words”可知，单词选择的限制让Geisel难以创作他的故事。故选A。2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“his cat was shaped and inspired by two other cartoon cats”“The first was from comic Krazy Kat”“another cartoon cat for inspiration: Felix the Cat”可知，Geisel书中的猫具有两只卡通猫的特点。故选D。3．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He would repeat...through look­say repetition”可知，他会重复单词或短语，这使他的作品具有鲜明而有规律的节奏。故可推知，《戴帽子的猫》中的语言是重复和有节奏的。故选C。4．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。根据前四段的内容以及最后一段《戴帽子的猫》这本儿童读物的横空出世可知，本文主要讲的是儿童作家Theodor Geisel创作《戴帽子的猫》的过程，即“一本著名的儿童读物背后的故事”。故选B。B语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——自然与健康——在城市中接触大自然可以在很大程度上减少人们的孤独感5．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“It used real­time data...they were feeling”可知，这项研究使用的是通过手机应用软件搜集到的实时数据。故选C项。6．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究结果指向了对减少孤独感的干预。据估计，林地散步每年至少可以为英国节省1.85亿英镑的心理健康成本。由此可知，英国对减少孤独感的干预让其在金融方面获益。故选D项。7．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But when the researchers...strongly statistically significant”可知，当研究人员将年龄、教育和职业考虑在内时，接触大自然和社会包容感对（减少）孤独感的好处在统计学上依然非常显著。由此可推知，这项调研结果从统计学上来说是显著的。故选B项。8．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究结果，该研究表明城市里的人们接触大自然可以在很大程度上减少他们的孤独感。故选D项。C语篇类型：议论文　主题语境：人与社会——科技与生活——菌草脱贫【文章大意】　菌草技术在中国和其他一些发展中国家脱贫攻坚中发挥了巨大作用。9．答案与解析：C　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Chinese scientists who are cultivating （培育） it as a substrate...as well as using it as a green barrier to stop sand hills from advancing”可知，本段主要讲述了菌草的应用，故C项正确。10．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We hope we will help...in Papua New Guinea”和第五段中的“were struggling with extreme poverty”“save them from starvation”可知，中国把菌草引入这个国家是为了帮助当地脱贫，故D项正确。11．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“since Lin selected the grass species...natural forest there”可知，Lin选用草种代替木头作为蘑菇的培养基，这样就不用使用大量的自然森林了。故可推断，福建以前种植蘑菇是通过伐木将木头作为培养基的方式，故A项正确。12．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“a tribe chief knelt down...the tribe people celebrated the whole night”可知，令Lin感到惊讶的是，当地部落为了感谢他带来这项技术彻夜狂欢，故B项正确。