人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration优秀单元测试当堂检测题

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration优秀单元测试当堂检测题
人教版新教材高一必修三4单元测试卷（满分100，时间60分钟）第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分15分） AA ban on tourists sitting on Rome’s famous Spanish Steps has divided the capital.Under new rules, police have started telling tourists they can no longer sit on the 135 steps, which sweep from the imposing church of Trinita de’ Monti down to Piazza di Spagna in the heart of the city.Police began patrolling the 18th-century marble steps on Tuesday, blowing whistles at those sitting down. The monument, a Unesco world heritage site, has long been the ideal resting spot for tired visitors and holds a special allure at sunset.Visitors who defy the ban can be fined €250, which increases to €400 if they have dirtied or damaged the stone staircase, which was made famous by the 1953 romantic comedy Roman Holiday, starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn.The new rules are an attempt to stop tourists eating and drinking on the Steps.But the ban has been condemned as too stringent. Vittorio Sgarbi, a high-profile art critic and cultural heritage expert, said: “The rule is excessive, almost Fascist. Banning tourists from sitting down is really excessive.”But it was welcomed by business owners in the area. “This is a small return to civility,” said Gianni Battistoni, the president of an association of businesses. Viviana Di Capua, the head of an association of residents of the historic centre of Rome, said:“Rome needs to be respected and people need to understand that not everything is allowed.”Davide Sermoneta, the head of an association of business owners in the area, said many tourists were badly behaved. “They don’t understand that they are in a city of history and beauty.”This fine comes on the heels of other recent Italian preservation efforts: swimming banned in Trevi fountain; Florence's eating-in-the-streets ban; and so on.While some recent moves seem to be a direct attempt to curb overtourism, this particular fine is aimed at preservation actually.Park benches, sidewalk cafes and terraces welcome tired travelers, encouraging guests to sit and stay awhile. 1. What does the ban include?A. Tourists can’t sit on Rome’s famous Spanish Steps.B. Tourists can’t sit on those park benches of Rome.C. Tourists can’t sit in those sidewalk cafes of Rome.D. Tourists can’t watch the beautiful sunset of Rome.2. What made Spanish Steps famous?A. The beautiful sunset of the square. B. The comedy Roman Holiday.C. The delicious wine and coffee. D. The famous Trevi fountain.3. Who is against the ban?A. Davide Sermoneta B. Viviana Di Capua C. Gianni Battistoni D. Vittorio SgarbiBIt’s a real case of fish out of water. Blennies (鲇鱼) in the South Pacific Ocean are gradually relocating to land to escape their predators (捕食者), in an example of evolution in action.Fish first began crawling onto dry land about 400 million years ago, kicking off an evolutionary chain of events that led to humans. But their reasons for exiting the sea have been uncertain.To look for clues, Terry Ord at the University of New South Wales in Australia has been studying several species of blennies at Rarotonga, the largest of the Cook Islands.At low tide, blennies are commonly found swimming in rock pools around the edges of the island. But when high tide moves in, they climb up to dry land and move around the rocks until the tide retreats.The researchers found that this is most likely to avoid predators that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like lionfish.To test what would happen if blennies did not have an escape plan, they made blenny models and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wounds, bite marks and chunks-missing.Of course, there are still dangers for blennies on land, like the occasional bird attack, but the predation risk on land is a third that of underwater.What’s more, moving onto land has additional benefits for blennies. Holes in the rocks provide sheltered nests for laying eggs, and they can maintain their diet of bacteria.In fact, several species of blenny fish at Rarotonga have already made the full transition to land-dwelling (陆生的) species. They continue to breathe with their gills, but have developed stronger tail fins and jump from rock to rock.Ord believes that many evolutionary processes have been driven by the need to escape predators. “It is often assumed that animals move homes to find new sources of food, but in many cases, escaping predators is a stronger motivation.” he says.4. Why do blennies climb to dry land when high tide comes?A. To acquire better health. B. To search for more food.C. To seek safer living conditions. D. To adapt to a new environment.5. What does the underlined part “The mimics” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The rocks in the water. B. The predators of blennies.C. The researchers of blennies. D. The models of blennies.6. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?A. Ord’s research opens a new view.B. Ord wonders why animals move homes.C. Ord shows us the benefits of blennies’ evolution.D. Ord has discovered how fish have become land dwellers.第二节 （15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Five steps to make a difference to the oceansThe oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. 1 Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference.1. Bring our own bags. 2 Try carrying a reusable bag at all times, including while traveling, and bringing our own things to work to avoid relying on plastic items.2. Talk about it now. We should carry that conversation into public places. Talk to our friends and family about why the ocean is important and why we take steps to help it, and challenge them to do the same.3. 3 A good way to make a difference is to organize a garbage cleanup now. Whether it’s an inland cleanup or one near the coast, plan one in our community.4. Throw away our cars. 4 When we hang out, we should reduce our carbon footprint, which may help slow global warming and ocean acidification as well as conserve energy5. Recycle, obviously. Experts say recycling is an obvious action to take. Check on what can be recycled in our community, and make sure you’re separating out your plastic.In summary, think about it more and act on it more. The more someone thinks about plastics and plastics pollution, the environment and the consequences of our actions, the more likely they are to act on it. 5 A. Plan a cleanup.B. Choose public transportation over driving our cars.C. Driving cars is not a good way to protect the oceans.D. However, experts say there’s still hope to make a difference.E. However, marine life plays a very important role in the oceans.F. If everyone can contribute to the oceans, the oceans will be well preserved.G. Whenever we put something, we should bring our own bag, but not a plastic one.第三部分 语言知识运用（15分） William Lindesay was born in Wallasey of England in 1956. He fell in love with the Great Wall at 11."I fell in 1 with it immediately," he said in an interview with China Daily. "I thought it would be a great journey, a great 2 if one day I could travel along it, from end to end." At 30 William Lindesay began his journey in 1987. He 3 78 days covering 2,470 kilometers. It's an epic 4 from the far west of China to the point 5 the structure meets the sea. On one expedition out in the Gobi Desert, the explorer almost 6 from dehydration(脱水). Lindesay is winner of the 1998 Friendship Award and 2008 Beijing Great Wall Friendship Award. He also 7 the Order of the British Empire from the Queen in 2006 for his 8 to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.During his 9 , he noticed some sections of the wall were badly 10 and covered with litter. Modernization and development were making the situation even 11 .Some people say it will take 12 to change; I say we don't have generations of time. It's got to be much quicker." he said.Lindesay always carries a garbage bag with him in the wilderness, 13 litter along the way.The cloth 14 bears a set of nine simple guidelines in Chinese, which 15 people to observe while 16 or camping outdoors: "Take your own garbage home," "Pick up litter 17 by others," "Don't damage plants or flowers, or pick fruit" and lots more."Every person can make a 18 . If we can get a billion Chinese people to be 19 , China will be a green, beautiful and 20 country to live in," he said.1. A. love B. emotion C. faith D. belief2. A. campaign B. adventure C. procedure D. trial3. A. took B. cost C. spent D. paid4. A. way B. approach C. method D. journey5. A. where B. when C. which D. when 6. A. stop B. help C. warn D. died7. A. raised B. handled C. received D. reported 8. A. attention B. contribution C. connection D. organization9. A. exploration B. invention C. addition D. consideration10. A. hid B. damaged C. exchanged D. distributed11.A. worse B. better C. faster D. hotter12. A. functions B. vacations C. generations D. questions13. A. picking B. parking C. filling D. testing 14. A. hat B. bag C. coat D. vest 15. A. go on B. turn on C. depend on D. calls on16. A. meeting B. working C. traveling D. practicing17. A. left B. read C. saved D. moved18.A. importance B. difference C. confidence D. absence19. A. artists B. biologists C. chemists D. environmentalists20. A. healthy B. wealthy C. normal D. tough第二节 （满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tiny pieces of plastic have been found in ice cores drilled in the Arctic by a US-led team of scientists. The growing form of pollution poses to marine life in even the remotest waters on the planet.The researchers think microplastics are being blown about by winds and then—through mechanisms which are not 1 (full) understood—transported long distances through the atmosphere. The particles are then "washed" out 2 the atmosphere through rain or snow.Microplastics are not a specific kind of plastic, but rather any type of plastic fragment 3 is less than 5 mm in 4 (long). They enter natural ecosystems from a 5 (various)of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and 6 (industry) processes. 7 (global), we are ingesting an average of 5 grams of plastic every week, the equivalent of a credit card.It found that the average person consumes 8 many as 1,769 particles of plastic every week just by 9 (drink) water—bottled or from the tap.Plastic is not a particularly harmful material, however there is the potential that it does significant harm. Further research is needed into the impact of long-term plastic exposure. But if microplastics are shown to damage human health, it will be very difficult 10 (remove) them from the environment.The discovery is especially disturbing because, according to the study, "the Arctic is still widely conceived as one of the last pristine environments on the globe."第二节 书面表达（满分35分）假设你是王明，请你写一篇文章，描述你最喜欢的动物，向学校校报投稿。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯人教版新教材高一必修三4单元测试卷答案及解析第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分15分） A1. A 细节理解。根据文章第二段内容Under new rules, police have started telling tourists they can no longer sit on the 135 steps…根据新规定，警方已开始告知游客，他们不能再坐在135级的西班牙台阶上了。可知答案为A。2. B 细节理解题。 根据文章第四段which was made famous by the 1953 romantic comedy Roman Holiday, starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn. 1953年，格里高利·派克和奥黛丽·赫本主演的浪漫喜剧《罗马假日》使石阶闻名于世。可知答案为B。3. D 细节理解题。根据文章第六段 But the ban has been condemned as too stringent. Vittorio Sgarbi, a high-profile art critic and cultural heritage expert, said: “The rule is excessive, almost Fascist. Banning tourists from sitting down is really excessive.” 但是一些人谴责这项禁令过于严厉。知名艺术评论家和文化遗产专家维托里奥·斯加比说：“这一禁令太过分了，几乎是法西斯主义。…..但是禁止游客坐在那里实在是太过分了。”可知选D。B4. C 细节理解题。由第五段“The researchers found that this is most likely to avoid predators that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like lionfish.”可知，研究人员发现，这很可能是为了躲避那些随着潮水而来的捕食者——主要是像狮子鱼这样的大鱼。所以为什么鲇鱼在涨潮时爬到陆地上的原因是因为他们寻求更安全的生活条件。故C选项正确。5. D 推理判断题。由第六段“To test what would happen if blennies did not have an escape plan, they made blenny models and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wounds, bite marks and chunks-missing.”可知，为了测试如果鲇鱼模型没有逃生计划会发生什么，他们制作了鲇鱼模型，并把它们沉到海里。这些鲇鱼模型最后留下了伤口、咬痕和大块肉不见了。所以判断出第6段划线部分“The mimics”指的是鲇鱼的模型。故D选项正确。6. A推理判断题。由最后段“It is often assumed that animals move homes to find new sources of food, but in many cases, escaping predators is a stronger motivation.”可知，人们通常认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源，但在很多情况下，逃离捕食者是更大的动机。所以奥德的观点与人们认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源不同，他认为逃离捕食者是它们搬家的更大的动机。这样的理论为人们认识动物搬家研究开辟了一个新的视角。所以从最后一段可以得出结论是奥德的研究开辟了一个新的视野。故A选项正确。第二节 （15分）1. D 由“The oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. 1 Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference.”可知，现在海洋受到严重污染。塑料正在伤害海洋生物的生命。碳污染使海洋变暖，增加了它们的酸度。水域被过度捕捞。以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变。所以小题1要起到与前面的句子转折的作用，才能够引起下文“以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变”。故D选项“然而，专家表示，仍有希望做出改变”符合句意，故D选项正确。2. G 由小标题“ Bring our own bags. ”可知，带上自己的袋子。所以小题2要说明当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料制成的袋子，在结合空处后面的句子一同来说明。避免塑料袋子能够有效帮助改变海洋环境。故G选项“当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料袋”符合句意。故G选项正确。3. A 由“A good way to make a difference is to organize a garbage cleanup now. Whether it’s an inland cleanup or one near the coast, plan one in our community.”可知，改变现状的一个好方法是现在就组织一次垃圾清理。无论是内陆清理还是海岸附近的清理，在我们的社区里计划一次垃圾清理活动。所以本段主要是围绕着“计划清理垃圾”而展开的也就是本段小标题小题3的内容。故A选项“计划清理垃圾”符合句意。故A选项正确。4. B 由小标题“ Throw away our cars.”可知，不开车。所以小题4要表明用什么样的方式来取代开车，从此达到节能减排的目的。故B选项“选择公共交通而不是开车”符合句意。故B选项正确。5. F由“The more someone thinks about plastics and plastics pollution, the environment and the consequences of our actions, the more likely they are to act on it.”可知，人们越想塑料和塑料污染，环境和我们行为的后果，他们就越可能采取行动。所以小题5与前一句都是对短文总结的内容。故F选项“如果每个人都能为海洋做出贡献，那么海洋将会得到很好的保护”。故F选项正确。第三部分 语言知识运用（15分）1. A 考察动词短语fall in love with…“爱上”。 A. love爱；B. emotion情感；C. faith信任； D. belief相信。本句意为：“我立刻就爱上了它，”他在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，“我想，如果有一天我能从头到尾沿着它走一趟，那将是一次伟大的旅行，一次伟大的冒险。”故选A。2. B考查名词辨析。 A. campaign 运动；B. adventure；冒险C. procedure过程；D. trial实验。本句意为：“我立刻就爱上了它，”他在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，“我想，如果有一天我能从头到尾沿着它走一趟，那将是一次伟大的旅行，一次伟大的冒险。”故选B。3. C考查动词辨析。A. took 携带；B. cost 花费，主语为物或事；C. spent(人)花费… D. paid付款。本句意为“他用78天“丈量”了2470公里的长城。”故选C。4. D 考查名词辨析。 A. way 方法，道路；B. approach方法，接近；C. method 方法；D. journey旅程。本句意为：这是一段史诗般的旅程，始于遥远的中国西部，终于长城与大海交汇的地方。故选D。5. A考查副词辨析。本句考查定语从句的引导词。此处表示地点，故选A。6. D 考查动词辨析。A.stop停止；B.help帮助；C.warn警告；D. died死。本句意为：在戈壁沙漠的一次探险中，这位探险家险些死于脱水。故选D。7.C考查动词辨析。A. raised举起，抬高；B. handled应付，处理；C. received收到；C. reported报道。本句意为：2006年，他还因对中英文化交流的贡献，被英女王授予大英帝国勋章。故选C。8. B 考查名词辨析。A. attention 注意；B. contribution贡献； C. connection连接，练习；D. organization组织。本句意为：2006年，他还因对中英文化交流的贡献，被英女王授予大英帝国勋章。故选B。9. A 考查名词辨析。A. exploration 探索；B. invention发明；C. addition 另外；D. consideration考虑。本句意为：在长城上行走的30多年里，威廉·林赛发现长城受到日益严重的自然风化及人为破坏。故选A。10. B 考查动词辨析。A. hid 隐藏；B.  damaged 破环；C. exchanged 交换；D. distributed分配。本句意为：在他的探险过程中，他注意到长城的部分城段严重受损，被垃圾覆盖。现代化和经济发展使情况更加恶化。故选B。11. A 考查形容词辨析。A. worse 更坏的；B. better更好的；C. faster 更快的；D. hotter更热的。本句意为：在他的探险过程中，他注意到长城的部分城段严重受损，被垃圾覆盖。现代化和经济发展使情况更加恶化。故选A。12. C 考查名词辨析。A. functions 作用；B. vacations 假期；C. generations一代人； D. questions问题。本句意为：林赛说，“有些人说这需要几代人来改变；而我认为，我们没有几代人的时间，我们必须赶快行动。”故选C。13. A 考查动词辨析。A. picking 捡，拾；B. parking停车；C. filling装满；D. testing测试。本句意为：林赛在野外总是随身带着一个垃圾袋，一路边走边捡垃圾。故选A。14. B 考查名词辨析。A. hat帽子；B. bag 包，口袋；C. coat 外套；D. vest背心。本句意为：这款布袋上写着9条简单的中文准则，呼吁人们在旅游或露营时遵守这些准则。故选B。15. D 考查动词短语辨析。A. go on 继续；B. turn on打开； C. depend on 依赖；D. calls on号召。本句意为：这款布袋上写着9条简单的中文准则，呼吁人们在旅游或露营时遵守这些准则。故选D。16. C考查动词辨析。A. meeting遇到；B. working工作；C. traveling旅行；D. practicing实践。本句意为：这款布袋上写着9条简单的中文准则，呼吁人们在旅游或露营时遵守这些准则。故选C。17. A考查动词辨析。A. left 剩下的；B. read阅读；C. saved救；D. moved 移动。本句意为：“把自己的垃圾带回家”、“捡起别人留下的垃圾”、“不要破坏花草，不要摘水果”等等。故选A。18. B 考查动词短语make a difference 有影响。A. importance 重要性；B. difference不同； C. confidence信心； D. absence缺席。本句意为：每个人都能做出改变。故选B。19. D 考查名词辨析。A. artists艺术家；B. biologists生物学家；C. chemists 化学家；D. environmentalists环保主义者。本句意为：如果我们能号召10亿中国人成为环保主义者，那么中国将变成一个绿色、美丽、健康的国家。故选D。20. A 考查形容词辨析。A. healthy 健康的；B. wealthy富有的；C. normal正常的；D. tough艰难的。本句意为：如果我们能号召10亿中国人成为环保主义者，那么中国将变成一个绿色、美丽、健康的国家。故选A。第二节 （满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【答案】1. fully 2. of 3. that 4. length 5. variety 6. industrial 7. Globally 8. as 9. drinking 10. to remove 第二节 书面表达（满分35分）One possible version:There are various animals in our world. Some people like monkeys, some people like dogs, and some people like cats, but I like rabbits best, because I think the rabbit is very lovely! 　 　　 The rabbit has two long ears, two red and small eyes, and a small nose. And it has a different mouth. It looks very small and lovely. The rabbit likes eating carrots and glass. It likes running and jumping, and the rabbit runs very fast. Most importantly, they can make people feel better. I have two rabbits. When I am worried or afraid, they could comfort me. They have become my friends. They are very important to me and I love them.