人教版 (2019)Unit 5 Working the Land精品单元测试综合训练题

这是一份人教版 (2019)Unit 5 Working the Land精品单元测试综合训练题
人教版2019选择性必修第一册2020-2021学年高二英语单元测试定心卷Unit 5 Working the land能力提升I.阅读选择1A research by the National Center for Health Statistics is seen as an important confirmation of the “Hispanic mortality paradox (西班牙裔死亡率悖论).”On average, Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years. Their life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years, compared with 78.1 for whites, 72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total population. The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at birth and at almost every age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of whites. “Mortality is very correlated with income, education and health care access,” says Elizabeth Arias, author of the report. “You would expect the Hispanic population would have higher mortality, in line with the black population.”The Hispanic paradox has been documented for more than two decades, but this is the first time the government has had enough data to issue national numbers. Researchers are struggling to explain why Hispanics live longer. “We don’t know,” says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. “We thought it was a problem in the data, but we can pretty much say this is real.”Potential factors: ·Culture and lifestyle. Support from extended family and lower rates of smoking and drinking. Latino groups in particular have very strong family and social ties. ·Migration. The “healthy migrant effect” argues that healthy people are more likely to emigrate. And when immigrants become ill, they might return home and die there. “Solving the puzzle may help the nation deal with health care issues because Hispanics use health services less—they make fewer doctors visits and spend less time in hospitals,” Hayes Bautista says. “It’s clearly something in the Latino culture,” he says.1.In 2006, Hispanics’ life expectancy is years longer than the average of the total population.A.2. 5 B.7. 7 C.2. 9 D.80. 62.What does the underlined word “outlive” in the second paragraph probably mean?A.To live longer than. B.To live shorter than. C.To die out.D.To expect to live.3.What is the main idea of paragraph three?A.Hispanics were born better than whites.B.Morality is closely related with health care access.C.Whites should have longer life expectancy.D.Even experts can’t explain the phenomenon.2 People have always been defined by their generation. We had the baby boomers of the 1960s, followed by Generation X and then Generation Y, often referred to as millennials, and the new kids on the block are Generation Z - aged between 16 and 22. It's easy to classify these young people as all being the same, sharing the same attitudes towards life—but is that fair?People from Generation Z, informally called "Z-ers", may be viewed by others as digital natives, incapable of real-world friendships. But they actually view themselves as hardworking, ambitious and about to change the world for the better. The previous generation, born between the mid-1980s and late 1990s - the millennials were also thought to have these characteristics. But many people view this new generation as “mini-millennials" because Z-ers are different and they have their own set of values and preferences which consumer brands need to cater for.It's true to say that technology is playing an important part in the lives of Generation Z, particularly in the area of social media. In fact, they have not known life without it and using it to communicate, share ideas and campaign is second nature. It means they have more of a say on what we eat, drink and buy than any generation before them. These young people certainly need to be listened to by retailers （零售商） and businesses - they are the people with time on their hands and money.But being a Z-er comes with pressure. One young person says "Many people in Generation Z have mental health issues because they're unsure what the future will bring." The future always brings uncertainties but maybe there is pressure for this generation to be the most successful ever.4.When was a Z-er likely to be born?A.In 1964. B.In 1975.C.In 1987. D.In 1999.5.What do Z-ers see themselves as?A.Diligent and ambitious. B.Hardworking and incapable.C.Promising and different. D.Stressed and successful.6.What're Paragraphs 2&3 trying to argue?A.Z-ers have known life without social media.B.Z-ers pay too much attention to digital devices.C.Z-ers and the millennials have the same personality.D.Z-ers become a key driving force in the consumer market.7.What docs the author think is the real cause of the Z-ers' pressure?A.Their ambition to be the best.B.Their uncertainty of the future.C.Their addiction to digital devices.D.Their lack of real-world friendship.3Agriculture plays an essential role in the rise of the human civilization. Even though agriculture is contributing to employment of a significant part of the population in majority nations, over the years, the percentage of workers has witnessed a steep decline. According to world-wide estimations, not even five percentage of the population in rich nations is employed in the agricultural sector.Agriculture is still the backbone of the economy in several nations of Africa. According to data released by the World Bank in 2017, the top ten countries where agriculture plays a vital role in employment are in Africa. Burundi, the landlocked nation on the eastern side of the continent, has 91% of its population dependent on it. However, only 15% of the total agricultural production goes to the market. Sweet potatoes, beans, bananas and corn, are some major crops produced on the land.The second largest employment in agriculture was also registered in an African country； Chad with 87% population working on the field. Other nations which follow on the list are： Somalia, Central African Republic, Malawi, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Niger, Mauritania, Madagascar and Mozambique. Amid the developing countries of BRICS, it is India where more people are employed by agriculture. The agriculture in India can be traced back to the era of Indus Valley Civilization. By 2017, 43 % of the Indian population is dependent on the agriculture sector for employment.Meanwhile, many developed countries witness less than 15 percent of their population engaged in the agriculture sector. These nations include Greece, Malaysia, Russia, New Zealand, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Australia, France, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and many others. At the bottom of the list stand United Arab Emirates , Singapore and Hong Kong, with 0 % of its people employed in agriculture.8.What does the writer want to highlight in the first paragraph?A.Agriculture is the foundation of civilization.B.Agriculture is the main sector of employment.C.Agriculture is the backbone of the economy.D.The agricultural population is in sharp decline.9.Most part of the agricultural produce in Burundi ________.A.is for family use B.goes to the marketC.is used for export D.goes to the government10.Where does Central African Republic rank in employment in agriculture in the world?A.Second. B.Third.C.Fourth. D.Fifth.11.We can infer from the text that the larger population in agriculture ________.A.the more developed the country B.the less developed the economyC.the more advanced the civilization D.the longer the history of a country4In an early survey conducted in 1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the population exceeds seven billion. This means that the world must accommodate a new population roughly equal to that of the United States and Canada every three years. Even though the rate of growth has begun to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion soon.If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. Everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the type of land we would have. Not all land is useful to humans as it cannot produce food. We can cut out about one fifth of it because it is permanently covered by snow and ice. Then we can cut out another one fifth because it is desert. Another fifth is too mountainous or is too great a height above sea-level. A tenth doesn’t have enough soil for crops to grow - it is bare rock. Now the position begins to look rather mom bleak (荒凉)!Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But are we? We are consuming its “ capital” , which means its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share earth with us.The birth of a baby in, for example, Hong Kong, imposes more than a hundred times the amount of stress on the world's resources as a baby in India. Most people in India do not grow up to own cars or air-conditioners. Nor do they eat the huge amount of meat and fish that the Hong Kong child does. Their life-styles do not require vast quantities of minerals and energy. Also, they are aware of the requirements of the land around them and try to put something back into nature to replace what they take out.12.Why does the author mention the example of America and Canada?A.To emphasize that world population has to be reduced.B.To give a brief history of the population growth.C.To stress how quickly the world population is rising.D.To point out what a large population they have.13.According to the author, how much per person of the earths surface can be used to produce food? A.15,000 square metres. B.25,000 square metres.C.30,000 square metres. D.40,000 square metres.14.Which of the following belongs to vital resources?A.Fossil fuels. B.Mineral deposits.C.Chemical fertilizer. D.Groundwater.15.When can learn from the passage that _____.A.different lifestyles require similar quantities of resourcesB.a Hong Kong baby consumes more resources than an Indian babyC.tropical forest are being better used for pasturelandD.nature is powerful enough to destroy an aggressive manII.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human being lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.16.In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning.17.The process of urbanization—the migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1900, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms.18.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety­five people on farms to feed five people in cities.19.Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite (精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus（过剩）food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.20.Today, instead of needing ninety­five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non­farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in small towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.III.完形填空In 2000 a report was published about what the earth might be like 20 years from then on. The report was a result of a three-year 21 According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2020 is not a 22 one. The world will be more 23 because the population will continue to grow. The population could be 24 6 900 million, almost 2 450 million more than in 1995. More people would move into cities, especially cities in 25 countries. Cities like Cairo and Jakarta probably would 26 have 15 million by then.Food production will 27 , but not enough to feed all the people. Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1995, 28 most of the increase would be in countries that 29 produce enough food for their people. Little increase is 30 in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Poor farming ways are 31 large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts. More farmland is 32 as cities become larger and more houses are built. 33 will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil. Many of the world’s 34 could disappear as more and more trees are cut down. Energy will continue to be a serious problem. The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 2020 35 They only carried out the situation that 36 today. By changing the situation, by 37 the problems, the picture can be changed. There is 38 time for the nations of the world to work 39 a plan of action. But they warned that 40 too long to make decisions would greatly reduce the chances of success.21.A.learning B.project C.notice D.study22.A.pleased B.pleasant C.safe D.blue23.A.dangerous B.beautiful C.crowded D.terrible24.A.no more than B.as many as C.as much as D.as large as25.A.developing B.developed C.big D.mountainous26.A.none B.each C.all D.neither27.A.insist B.reduce C.increase D.continue28.A.so B.but C.or D.however29.A.already B.hardly C.partly D.never30.A.wanted B.lacked C.found D.expected31.A.destroying B.protecting C.disturbing D.interrupting32.A.saved B.lost C.discovered D.found33.A.Air pollution B.Water pollution C.Some diseases D.All farmland34.A.animals B.plants C.forests D.people35.A.must be true B.will come true C.can't be true D.may be wrong36.A.happens B.develops C.exists D.appears37.A.settling B.working out C.answering D.dealing38.A.no B.still C.less D.plenty of39.A.about B.in C.out D.for40.A.working B.suggesting C.spending D.waitingIV.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。China has allowed all couples to have two children, 41.(abandon) its decades-long one-child policy. The change of policy 42.(intend) to balance population development and address the challenge of an aging population.With reference to the new policy, some single-child parents can’t wait to welcome new babies. However, many factors 43.(consider), some feel a dilemma, associated with their decision to have one more child. For one thing, it seems 44.(benefit) as there are no other children in the family for the only child to associate with, 45.may lead to the child feeling lonely at times, especially during 46.(vocation).For another, a common argument 47. having just one child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters. Many people believe that a single child won't have to learn to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships. Some think this may leave the child less able to interact 48.(good) with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with brothers or sisters.However, the pressure of giving time and energy to a second child can seem too great, particularly for those with busy careers, resulting in 49.(they) selecting to have no more children. For some other parents, 50. financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration.V.应用文写作 根据下列提示为21st Century Teens写一篇题为 Development of agriculture in China的小短文。（词数120左右）1. 中国是一个有十三亿人口的大国。2. 在过去的二十多年间，中国发生了巨大变化，尤其在农业方面。3. 中国仅有世界7%的土地，却成功地养活了世界22%的人口。4. 其耕地(farming land)的灌溉面积是世界上最大的。种植了世界三分之一的大米。渔业也非常重要，淡水鱼随处可见。5. 废弃的蔬菜(vegetable waste)被用来养猪、养鸡；人和动物的粪便(waste)产生的气体被用来供热和做饭。6. 如果世界上其他地方也像中国一样重视和发展农业，就不会再有饥饿。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________VI.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Why is the world’s population growing？The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits，but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900，people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century，declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore，around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations)，but you’d be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance.What does it imply？First，China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Second，if other factors such as technology remain constant，economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring？Nobody is quite sure，but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don’t bend，Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India’s working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA，it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030.Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.