【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit4-单元知识点

这是一份【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit4-单元知识点，共17页。
 8BU4-单元知识点

1. a good read (P48) 一本好读物
read
①v. 阅读
常见搭配：read newspapers/ magazines/ stories/ novels/ plays
e.g.: If you are interested, you can read the poster.
② n. 读物
e.g.: The newspaper is a good read.

2. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. (P48) 我不得不用他们去够冰箱上的盒子。
reach
vt. 到达=arrive in/ at
e.g.: She will reach/ arrive at the school at 9:00 tomorrow.
vt. 够得到
e.g.: He tried to pick the apples, but he can’t reach it.

3. They improve my knowledge of the past. (P49) 他们增加了我之前的知识。
1). knowledge n. 知识
e.g.: Knowledge is power.
① v. know
e.g.: Everyone knows that she is not so rich.
2) improve v. 提高，改善
常见搭配：improve the situation; improve the daily life; improve the skills

4. me too. (P49) 我也是。
me too与me either的区别：
① 口语中说me too, 其意为“我也一样”，主要用于延续前面的肯定信息。
-I like potato chips.我喜欢吃薯条。- Me too. 我也是。
- I'm going home.我要回家了。- Me too. 我也是。
②口语中说me either或me neither, 其意均表示“我也不……”，主要用于延续前面的否定信息（两者一般可互换）。
-I can't swim．我不会游泳。- Me either. 我也不会。

5. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. (P50) 在我们的轮船触礁之后，我尽可能地游。
1) against
①prep: 撞击，碰着，与…相撞：
e.g.: I pushed against the door and the door opened at last.
② 相反；反对；违反；违背；逆：
e.g.: We all should fight against evil.
③ 逆行，逆……方向，对着；跟……反方向：
e.g.: Don't drive against the traffic.不要逆向行车。

2) as… as sb. can/ could= as… as possible 尽某人最大努力/ 尽可能
as… as之间可以是副词，也可以是形容词。
e.g.: I open the door as soon as I can.
= I open the door as soon as possible.
It is not as difficult as I thought.

6. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out. (P50) 当我最后觉得土地在我脚下时，我累坏了。
1) by the time
“到……的时候”，通常引导一个时间状语从句，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。
从句用一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时；
e.g. By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.
2) be tired out= be worn out 筋疲力尽
e.g.: After the two hours’ trip, I was tired out when I got home.

7. I woke up as the sun was rising…(P50)我醒来了，这时太阳正在升起……
rise和raise
这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
①raise是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人，可用于被动语态，意为“举起；提高”，如抬头、举手（目、帽、石头、重物等），还可用作比喻，如提高政治觉悟（生活水平、地位、名誉、声音等）。
②rise是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起身，起立（主语是人）；上涨”以及“（日、月星等）升起到地平线上”。
e.g.: Please raise your hand if you know the answer.
The sun rises in the east.

8. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face. (P50)
它爬上我的肚子和脖子，直到（它）来到我的脸上。
1) stomach n. 胃 pl: stomachs
e.g.Do you know what animal has two stomachs？

2) until conj. 直到
① until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词（非瞬间动词），如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。
e.g.: I will wait until you come back.
② until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。
e.g.: I didn't leave until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才离开。
③ until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。
e.g.: He will stay here until his mother comes back.

9. He was the same size as my little finger! (P50) 他和我的小手指一样大！
1) the same size as “和……一样大”= as big as…
原句= He was as big as my little finger!
①size意为“大小，尺寸”：
e.g.: His room is the same size as mine．他的房间和我的一样大。
② 此处size可以换为其他的名词，注意和形容词的对应。
e.g.: The river is the same length as that one. = The river is as long as that one.
同样地，wide--- width; heavy--- weight; high---height; long---length; deep---depth;

10. I shouted at them-the loud noise made them all fall over. (P51)
我冲着他们大声叫嚷——声音大得使他们所有人跌倒。
1) shout at意为“叫嚷”，一般表示因生气而对某人大喊大叫，带有感情色彩。同样的表达还有：laugh at (嘲笑); smile at (冲…微笑)
e.g.: Don't shout at the boy. He is afraid.
辨析：shout to意为“对……大声喊”，表示与某人距离较远，为了使对方听清楚而大声说话
e.g.: He shouted to the man on the other side of the street, “Come here.”

2) make v. 使 make sb. do sth 使某人做某事
e.g.: The mother made his son do housework everyday.

3) fall 的词组:
fall over跌倒； fall off 跌下； fall down跌倒； fall asleep 睡着

11. I did not know what to say either. (P51)我也不知道说什么。
1) 可以表示“也”的单词或短语有also, too, as well与either均表示“也”，
但有以下区别：also, as well, too用于肯定句，且also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well, too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。
e.g.: He went there too.
We didn't go there either.
I like you as well. You are also a good student.

12. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes. (P51) 我试图空出一只手，最后设法解开了绳子。
manage to do stb. 设法做某事=succeed in doing sth
try to do sth. 倾向于努力做某事，有没有成功不确定
e.g.: I managed to see the writer.我设法见到了那个作家。
I try to open the door with the key. 我尽力用钥匙打开门。

1. Harry Potter series have been translated into about 96 languages. (P57 )哈利波特系列已经被翻译成大约96种语言。
translate vt.＆vi.: 翻译
be translated into…被翻译成
e.g.The book was translated into Russian.这本书被翻译成俄文。

2. The first Harry Potter book was a great success in the very beginning. (P58) 在一开始，《哈利波特》第一本书获得了巨大的成功。
1) success un. 成功（抽象意义） cn. 成功的人或者事
e.g.: He is a great success as a writer.
Failure is the mother of success.
词汇拓展：
① vt. succeed succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事。
e.g.: He succeeded in swimming across the river.
② adj. successful成功的
e.g.: He is a successful writer.
③ adv. successfully成功地
e.g.: He passed the exam successfully.

2) in the beginning 在…一开始
①in the beginning常单独使用，放在句子的开头
e.g.: In the beginning, he wasn’t a boss.
②at the beginning后常加of
e.g.: At the beginning of the meeting, they sang a song together.
③ 相同的用法还有end
in the end& at the end of…

3. How many books can I borrow at a time? (P58) 我一次可以借多少书？
1) at a time 一次
e.g.: Giant pandas have only one baby at a time.
2) 与time有关的词或词组
① at times= sometimes= from time to time有时
② some time 一段时间
some times 几次
sometimes 有时
sometime 某个时间
e.g.: I will invite you to see a film sometime next week.
He sometimes goes swimming.
My parents stayed in Nanjing for some time.
He has been to the park some times.

4. How long can I keep the books? (P58) 这些书我可以保留多长时间？
辨析：borrow, lend和keep的区别
borrow意为“借进”，常和介词from搭配；lend意为“借出”，常和介词to搭配；keep意为“保留”；borrow和lend为短暂性动词，keep为延续性动词，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g.: Can you lend me your bike?
Who did you borrow the book from?

5. Maybe l can become a writer when I am older! (P59) 也许我长大了能成为一名作家!
1) maybe adv. 大概，或许，可能
e.g.: Maybe you'll have better luck next time.也许下次你的运气会好一点。
2) 辨析：与may be区别
may be中的may是情态动词，后面接动词原形
may be 的意思为“可能是”
e.g.: He may be at home.
May I have your name, please?

6. On weekdays, I usually read for about half an hour before going to bed. (P61) 在工作日，我通常在上床睡觉前看大约半小时书。
1) on weekdays：在工作日= on the weekday
e.g.: On weekdays, I get up at 5 every morning.
on weekends：在周末= at the weekend
2) before既可作介词又可作连词；before作连词时，一般后接从句，before作介词时一般后接名词、代词及动名词作宾语。当前后的主语一致时，可以进行转换。
e.g.: I will come back before he comes back. (连词)
Do you go to school before seven? (介词)
I saw him before going home. = I saw him before I went home.

7. My friends give me lots of advice on books. (P61) 我的朋友给我许多关于书籍方面的建议。
1) advice un.建议 v. advise
e.g.: What useful advice he gave to me!
2) about和on有何区别？
about后面所跟的名词的范围比较广；在表示专业的学术性书籍前用on.
e.g.: He gave us a talk about money.
This is a book on English.

8. They also open up a whole new world to me. (P61) 对我来说它们还开辟了一个全新的世界。
open up开启；开创；开辟
e.g.: When will they open up a new road here?
open意为“打开，开着的”


1. 疑问词加动词不定式
(1) 句法功能：
①“ wh-词＋不定式” 主要用作宾语或者宾语补足语，跟在动词decide, forget, advise, discuss, remember, understand, think, teach等之后。
◆疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。常用的疑问代词有：what;which;who;whom;whose. 疑问副词有：where,when,why;how
e.g.: We must think what to do.
I can't decide whom to invite.
Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw.
② 除用作宾语外，还可用作主语、表语等。
e.g.: When to leave has not been decided.何时离开还没有决定。
The question is how to find him.问题是如何找到他。

(2) 注意点：
① 若动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，需要加上后面的介词。
e.g. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.
I don’t know who to turn to for help when I have problems.
② 原则上说，why后不接不定式：
误：Kitty explained why to be late for school.
正：Kitty explained why she was late for school.

不过若不定式不带to，则可用why。
e.g.: Why not go there at once?　
Why argue with her?　
但这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来，不用于谈论过去。
误：Why not clean the room yesterday?
正：Why didn't you clean the room yesterday?

(3) how用于该结构的注意点：
有些动词后接“how＋不定式”作宾语时，how可以省略：
e.g.: Did you learn (how) to drive a car?　你学过开车吗？
但是，有些动词后面接“疑问词how＋不定式”作宾语时，尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出，但不能将how省略。
e.g.: He knows how to play the piano.
He showed her how to swim.

(4)“疑问词十不定式”结构可以和复合句转换。
e.g.: He asked where he would go shopping after supper.
＝He asked where to go shopping after supper.

2. must& have to
(1) 意义区别
两词都是“必须”的意思，have to表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。
e.g.: My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

(2) 形式的区别
① have to有人称、数和时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
e.g.: He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照顾他的妹妹。
② 否定结构：
have to的否定结构为：don't have to do…表示“不必”= needn’t do…
而must的否定结构为mustn’t 表示“禁止”，“绝对不可以”。
e.g.: You don't have to tell him about it．你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it．你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

(3) 联系
Must引导的疑问句可以用don’t have to/ needn’t来回答。
e.g.: Must I finish my homework now?
No, you don’t have to. / needn’t.

用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Mr. Green showed us what_______ (do) first.
2. Li Feng did not know who_______ (talk) to about this book.
3. Students do not have to_______ (go) to school at weekends,
4. Everyone must not_______ (smoke) in the library.
5. The workers are discussing which colour_______ (paint) the walls.
【答案】1. to do 2. to talk 3. go 4. smoke 5. to paint

单项选择
( )1. Students in our school _______ know shouting is not allowed in the library.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
( )2. He will have to_______ his diet because of his serious stomach problem.
A. watching B. watched C. watches D. watch
( )3. (2013．绥化)Remember _______ off the lights when you leave the room, please.
A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. to turning
( )4. (2013．贺州)Our teacher often tells us_______ in the river. It's dangerous.
A. don't swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. not swimming
( )5. (2013．白银)I haven't decided when _______ a holiday yet.
A. took B. taking C. to take D. take
【答案】CDACC

句型转换
1．(2013．乌鲁木齐)I enjoy rock music because it is exciting.（对画线部分提问）
_______ do _______ enjoy rock music?
2．Simon forgets when he will meet his friends.（同义句转换）
Simon forgets when _______ _______ his friends.
3．(2013．茂名)Often we don't know where we can go on Sundays.（同义句转换）
Often we don't know_______ _______ go on Sundays.
4．We have to go to school at weekends.（改为否定句）
We _______ _______ _______ go to school at weekends.
5．Must I start dancing now?（作否定回答）_______, _______ _______.
【答案】1. Why; you 2. .to meet 3. where to 4. don't have to 5. No; you needn’t


一、单项选择
1. Mr Lee is so forgettable(健忘的) that he often ______ his keys somewhere.
A. forgets B. missed C. left D. leaves
2. I’m sorry that I _____ write to you earlier because I have been very busy.
A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. haven’t
3. He looked ____ the street and saw some boys playing games.
A. out B. of C. out of D. out at
4. You can pass the test _____ you work hard every day.
A. if only B. only before C. since D. only if
5. He asked us to guess what was in his _____ hand at the beginning of the show.
A. another B. the other C. the others D. other
6. When I saw Peter, he was standing ____ the bookshelf, reading a book.
A. with B. before C. against D. on
7. Twenty minutes later, an army of workers began to go _____ the hall.
A. in B. into C. out D. of
8. One of the twins was writing while ____ was making a paper plane.
A. another B. other C. others D. the other
9. I think the fish ____ for several days. They smell terrible.
A. have died B. have been dead C. has died D. has been dead
10. There are so many kinds of cards. I really don’t know _____.
A. which to choose B. choose which C. which to choose from D. choose from which
11. Which country are you going ______, Jessie?
A. to move B. to move to C. moving to D. to moving to
12. We _____ find a hotel first because it was getting dark.
A. must B. had to C. have to D. could
13. Project Hope always tries its best to help to _____ for school for poor students.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. take
14. Daniel does not know who ______ this history book.
A. to talk about B. talk to about C. to talk to about D. talk about to
【答案】DBDDD CBDBA BBAC

二、翻译句子
1. 读历史书籍可以增长我们过去的知识。
2. Daniel正在看一部有关二战时德国的电影。
3. 那位医生的真实故事确实触动了我们。我们都禁不住流泪了。
4. 我感觉有东西在腿上。它从我肚子上向上移动直到站在我脸附近。
5. 这个景点没有我想象的美。
6. 醒来后，她发现自己不能动了。
7. 小人儿很快又爬起来，继续在他身上走动。
8. 我在山顶向下望去，看见一大群游客正往上爬。
【答案】
1. Reading history books can improve our knowledge of the past.
2. Daniel is watching a film about Germany in World War Ⅱ.
3. The true story of the doctor really touched us and all of us couldn’t stop crying.
4. I felt something on my leg. It moved up over my stomach until it was standing near my face.
5. The place of interest isn’t as beautiful as I thought.
6. She found herself unable to move after waking up.
7. The small men soon got up again and continued moving across his body.
8. I looked down at the top of the mountain and saw a huge army of visitors climbing up it.

三、根据句意及汉语提示，用词的正确形式填空。
1.Do you think that book is a good _________ (读物)？
2.Where can I find the ______ (小说) Frogs by Mo Yan?
3.I think imagination is more important than ____________ (知识).
4.In his ________ (空闲) time, he likes playing football with his friends.
5.In fact, the __________ (丑陋的) man in this book is a kind-hearted man.
6.--Did the film Back to 1942 _____________ (触动) you?
--Yes, of course.
7.Jin Yong is a famous _________ (作家) in China.
8.You ___________(必须) not talk loudly in the reading room.
9.What happened to your ______ (肩膀).
10.How many _____ (胃) does a pig have?
11.He joined the ___________ (军队) after finishing high school.
12.There are six________ (手指) in his right hand.
【答案】
1. read 2. novel 3. knowledge 4. spare 5.ugly 6. touch
7. writer 8. must 9. Shoulder(s) 10. stomachs 11. army 12. fingers
1.I don't have much_______（空闲）time for my hobby.
2. Reading can help us improve our_______（知识）of the world around us.
3. We all think your_______（建议）is very useful, so we will take it.
4. They caught the child and_______（捆绑）him to a chair with a rope.
5.-I always take a walk after supper. -Do you? It's really a good_______（习惯).
6. There is a big square_______（在……对面）our school.
7. The story of the man Quasimodo really_______（感动）me, so I cried.
8.-What did you_______ with your old computer?
-Oh, I sent it to my cousin. He needs it very much.
9. Keep going, Mandy! We almost arrive at the top of the mountain.
-I can't. I am_______ out.
10. -This dog is really_______. I don't know who will buy it.
-But I think it's beautiful.
【答案】
1. spare 2. knowledge 3. advice 4. tied 5. habit
6. opposite 7. touched 8. do 9. tired 10. ugly

四、动词填空
1. Our team won the game. It made all of us_______ (feel) excited.
2. - _______ you_______(renew) your book, Linda?
-Not yet.
3. I hope all my classmates_______(get) good marks in the coming tests.
4. While Sam_______ (listen) to the music, Mr Green turned off the radio.
5. So far, I_______ (not receive) any present from my parents or friends.
6.-Can you tell me where_______ (find) that book? -In the classroom.
7. The twins_______ (plan) how to spend the coming holiday in the sitting room now.
8. -Look at the sign. You can't take photos here. -Sorry, I_______ (not see)it.
9. Cindy never_______ (get) full marks in Maths exams. It's too bad for her.
10. John has been used to_______ (eat) Chinese food since he came to China.
【答案】
1. feel 2. Have, renewed 3. will get 4. was listening 5. haven't received
6. to find 7. are planning 8. didn't see 9. gets 10. eating

五、完型填空
Most students in America do housework after school. Parents often ask their children to do something 1 or interesting at home. Also, they 2 their children to do something hard or boring. Parents would like to give their children some pocket money for their 3 . And the children can 4 money by doing the housework.
President Obama 5 that he gives his two daughters Sasha and Malia a dollar every week, 6 they often set the table, wash the dishes and clean up their 7 on weekends. One dollar is little for the housework, but the two 8 are very happy to make their pocket money. They buy their favourite books or food with 9 .Obama hopes his daughters can 10 some money-management skills.
( )1. A. difficult B. easy C. busy D. bad
( )2. A. want B. hope C. let D. take
( )3.A. study B. party C. homework D. housework
( )4. A. make B. enjoy C. find D. buy
( )5. A. says B. thinks C. hopes D. hears
( )6.A. and B. then C. because D. but
( )7. A. office B. classroom C. bedroom D. library
( )8.A. parents B. friends C. children D. students
( )9.A. it B. him C. her D. them
( )10.A. teach B. ask C. find D. learn
【答案】1-5 BADAA 6-10 CCCAD

六、阅读理解
The coming of the New Year brings not only a new beginning but also an end to the busy holiday season. A New Year's vacation can be a great way for people who want to celebrate the New Year to do so in style. A New Year's vacation can also help a person relax. If a New Year's vacation is on your wish list for either of these reasons, or one of your own, here are some tips for planning a vacation and having a great time at your destination (目的地).
Solidify (固定) the group. A New Year's vacation can be a great time for families to play, for friends to reunite (团聚). Who is coming on your New Year's vacation? Decide this and quite a few new questions will come up like times, places, activities and prices. But as long as you know who's going on this New Year holiday trip, all the other questions can be answered.
Solidify the details (细节). Now start your vacation planning: Find out where you would like to go, how much you would like to spend, what you would like to see and do. Do you want to be in a major city? Do you want to be in a cabin (小木屋) in the forest? For example, if you're traveling with children and grown-ups, you may want to visit the Disneyland during New Year's week. Not only does Disney have the traditional attractions and fireworks (焰火) for children, but some clubs like Pleasure Island have special New Year's Eve events for adults.
Now you know how to plan a vacation for New Year. New Year's might be just the right time for you and your family or friends to get away from it all. On the other hand, it might be fun just to go somewhere new and exciting when the New Year comes in.
( )1. According to the passage, what is the best place to go if you travel with children and adults?
A. A major city.
B. A cabin in the forest.
C. The Disneyland.
D. Somewhere new and exciting.
( )2. What is the most important question when you plan New Year's vacation?
A. Where would you like to go?
B. What would you like to see and do?
C. How much would you like to spend?
D. Who is coming on your New Year's vacation?
( )3. What is NOT TRUE about a New Year's vacation?
A. A New Year's vacation is impossible without a plan.
B. A New Year's vacation is a great way to celebrate the New Year.
C. A New Year's vacation can be a great time for families to play.
D. A New Year's vacation can also help a person relax.
( )4. Why is the Disneyland attractive to both children and grown-ups ?
A. Because it is somewhere new and exciting.
B. Because it has the traditional attractions for children.
C. Because it has special New Year's Eve events for adults.
D. Because it has antertainments for both children and adults.
( )5. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. A New Year's Vacation
B. How to Plan a New Year's Vacation
C. Where to go on New Year's Vacation
D. Whom Having a New Year's Vacation with
【答案】CDADB

My favourite book is The Adventure of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. Tom lives with his aunt Polly in a quiet street of St Petersburg, Missouri. He's a lively and clever young boy, and he finds himself in many exciting adventures(探险). He runs away with his two friends, Huck Finn and Joe, to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River for several days.
My favourite scene(场景) in the book is when everyone thinks Tom is dead. He decides to go to his own funeral(葬礼). He hides and watches for a time, and then suddenly he appears(出现). Everyone is surprised to see him, but they're also pleased to see him alive.
Tom is the hero of the story, but there are other important characters. Huck is an outsider and everyone is afraid of him. Becky is pretty with fair hair, Joe is Tom's best friend, and Injun Joe is the bad man in the story.
The theme of the story is about children's growing up. It describes how strangers are seen in small towns of America. Finally, it talks about freedom, social rules and how people are punished for bad behavior(行为).
Mark Twain wrote the story in 1876. but it's still read and loved by people all over the world today. Although it's only a story, Mark Twain wrote it in the everyday English of the southern states(州) of America m the 19th century, so it sounds very real Today it's thought to be one of the greatest books in American literature(文学). Go to read it! I know you'll enjoy it.
( ) 1. Where does Tom run away with his two friends?
A. To a quiet street. B. To a small town. C. To an island. D. To a forest.
( ) 2. Who is the bad man in the story?
A. Huck Finn. B. Injun Joe. C. Becky. D. Polly.
( ) 3. How do people feel when Tom appears at his own funeral?
A. They were surprised and pleased. B. They were surprised and sad.
C. They were worried but excited. D. They were frightened but happy.
( ) 4. The whole book is mainly about_________.
A. freedom and social rules B. children’s bad behaviour
C. the growth of young children D. strangers in American small towns
( ) 5. The writer writes the passage to______.
A. ask us to read the book B. tell us how popular the book is today
C. tell us when Mark Twain wrote the story D. tell us why the story sounds very real
【答案】CBACA