【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit6-单元知识点

这是一份【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit6-单元知识点，共14页。
8BU6-单元知识点1、I’m training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.(P78)我正在训练成为奥林匹克运动会的志愿者。（1）train①vt.& vi.训练，锻炼，培养train …to be…=train…as…把…训练成….如：His mother wants to train his son to be a astronaut.【词汇拓展】n. training  练习；锻炼如：Every morning he spent two hours training for the race.②n.火车；列车如：I almost missed my train. by train 坐火车 
on a train 在火车上take a /the train 乘坐火车 （2）volunteer①n.志愿者，志愿兵The volunteers for Olympics are all helpful.②vt.&vi.自愿去做; 当志愿兵;志愿提供     volunteer to do sth志愿做…
volunteer for sth志愿…如：They volunteered to offer service during Olympic games.
③volunteer /voluntary  adj.自愿的，志愿的如：Last Sunday, my classmates and I went to the park for collecting waste, we all do the volunteer /voluntary cleaners. 2、Will you support me, Eddie? (P78)你能支持我吗，爱迪？aupport     vt.支持；帮助; 支撑; 维持support to do sth. 支持做某事support for 为…做准备【例句】He supports to do the work for me.Tom supported for the charity for a long time. 3、It’s meaningful to do something for the Olympics. (P78)为奥林匹克做些事是很有意义的。meaningful adj. 有意义的；反义词 meaningless【例句】It’s a meaningful job to work here.mean v. 意味着；打算mean doing sth.意味着做某事。【例句】Success means working hard. mean to do sth.打算或企图做某事。【例句】What do you mean to do with it? We mean to call on you tomorrow.  4、blind; deaf; disabled; elderly; homeless; poor (P79)(1)blind adj. 瞎的  常用短语：be blind to 对... 视而不见  turn a blind ear to对...视而不见  the blind 瞎子，表示一类人【例句】He is blind to something strange.The police have turned a blind eye to the matter.The blind are hopeful to get some money under the help of the charities. (2)deaf adj. 聋的be deaf to 对... 充耳不闻turn a blind eye to对... 充耳不闻the deaf 聋子，表示一类人【例句】He was deaf to my advice.She turned a deaf ear to our warnings and got lost.The deaf has difficulty in hearing. (3)the+某些形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数the deaf 聋人         the blind 盲人              the dead 死者        the living 活着的人the young 年轻人     the old/ the elderly老人       the strong 强者      the weak 弱者the poor 穷人         the rich 富人               the sick 病人        the homeless
5、Liu Ming did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in October 2007.(P80)刘明并没有想在2007年10月底的上海夏季残奥会做志愿者工作中得到些什么。expect  vt.&vi.期望；预料常用短语：expect to do sth 期盼做某事   expect sb to do sth 期盼某人做某事常用句型：I expect so. 我想会的         expect that 期盼…【例句】I didn’t expect to find you here.He expected her to go with him.  6、The Special Olympics World Summer Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. (P80) 夏季残奥会给有智障的孩子和成人向全世界展示他们技能的机会。（1）intellectual      adj.智力的；有才智的（2）disability      n.无能; 残疾；复数：disabilities【例句】We have many areas of illness and disabilities. able, ability, unable, disabled辨析able adj. 能够…的  短语：be able to=can      反义词：unable【例句】He is able to pass the exam.ability n. 能力 【例句】His ability is stronger than mine.disabled adj. 残疾的【例句】We should give seats to the disabled people on the bus. （3）chance n.机会，机遇；偶然，运气There is a chance to do sth. / for doing sth.有机会做某事by chance 偶然的【例句】There is a chance to work here if you like.I met my old friend by chance in the street last week.

7、They include events similar to those in the Olympics, such as basketball, football and swimming.(P80) 他们包括很多与奥运会相似的项目，如篮球，足球和游泳。(1)similar adj.相似的be similar to 与…相似
【例句】My new dress is similar to the one you have.
be similar in 在…方面相似
【例句】They are similar in some way. (2) those【例题】These flowers are more beautiful than those in my garden.Look at that pen. This pen is smaller. It is also an old pen. So I want to buy a new one like that. 8、Over 40,000 people gave up their spare time for the 2007 Special Olympics World Games.(P80) 超过4万人放弃他们的业余时间去看2007年残奥会。give up 放弃      常见短语 give up doing sth【例句】He gave up teaching only two years ago.  give相关短语give up 放弃          give out分发；用完，用尽             give away 送掉, 泄露give back 归还, 恢复         give way to 让路,让步
 up相关短语
stand up 起立                         get up 起床
pick up 拾起，捡起                    look up 查找（资料），向上看
turn up 调大音量                       put up 举起，抬起；张贴
eat up  吃光                           use up用光
set up  建立，设立                     bring up 养育 9、Then they provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. (P81) 然后他们给运动员提供支持，使得这次比赛取得很大的成功。 (1) provideprovide sth for sb=provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物【例句】They provided some necessary support for people in need.= They provided people in need with some necessary support. (2) support n. /v. 支持【例句】With your support, we will win in the end.He supported his son all the time. (3) successsuccess  n.成功的人或事（可数）；成功（不可数）   succeed  v.成功           常见短语：succeed in doing sth  成功地做某事
successful  adj.成功的      常见短语：be successful in doing sth  在做某事方面成功successfully  adv. 成功地【例句】She was a success as an actress.Failure is the mother of success.He succeeded in playing games. 10、To Li Hai, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. (P81)对李海还说，最重要的事不是赢得金牌或是银牌，而是重在参与。（1）not…but…不是…而是…,如：He came here not because of you but because of his brother.【拓展】not only... but (also)... 不但…而且….在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分，also可以省略。【例句】He is learning not only English but (also) French. not only... but (also)... 用来连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单、复数遵循“就近原则”，即和but (also)后的名词或代词的数一致。【例句】Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents are fond of watching football matches. Not only you but also he is tired of having one examination after another. （2）辨析take part in, join和join in
①take part in意为“参加，参与（某事物或某活动）”
【例句】How many countries will take part in the World Cup?
②join意为“参加（某组织），加入（某处任职），参加到某个人群中去，从而成为其中一员”。
【例句】She joined a health club.
③join in和join in sth. / doing sth.意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或V-ing。【例句】They all join in singing the song.
 11、He feels more confident now because of the Special Olympics World Games. (P81)由于残奥会他现在感觉更加有自信了。(1)confident adj.自信的 常见短语：be confident of ……确信……【例句】He is confident of the match.【拓展】confidence n.自信 have the confidence to do sth有信心做...
【例句】I have the confidence to win the match.

(2)because of与because  because of 后面直接跟一个名词、代词、动名词或者短语because后面跟一个句子，是来回答why问题，或者解释原因的。【例句】He is late for class because of the broken clock. He is late for class because the clock is broken. 12、It’s great for us to work closely with these special athletes. (P81)和这些特殊的运动员密切合作太棒了。closely adv.接近地；紧密地；严密地；亲近地【拓展】close和closely辨析
当它们都作副词用时，close是距离上的接近，而closely是感情关系上的亲近。 close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”，closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。
【例句】Come close, I want to tell you something important．
       The policeman followed the strange man closely．
 13、donate(P84) 捐献donate vt.& vi.（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠常用短语：donate money to…向...捐钱【例句】I can donate one hundred dollars to people in need. 【拓展】n.  donation 捐赠；捐献 14、But it’s impossible for them to do their work one-to-one without the help of volunteers.(P85) 但是没有志愿者的帮助他们是不可能做好他们的工作的。one-to-one 一对一的【例句】We have an one-to-one course.face-to-face 面对面的【例句】We should have a face-to-face talk. It  is+ adj. + to-infinitive（It is+形容词+动词不定式）It  is+ adj. + for…+ to-infinitive 1) It is+ adj．+ to-infinitive（It is+形容词+动词不定式）“It is+形容词+动词不定式”可以用来描述行为和情境。在该句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。把真正的主语放在句末而用it作形式主语也是为了句子的协调，避免“头重脚轻”。该句型中的形容词是用来描述行为或情境的。如：It is dangerous to play football in the street．在街上踢足球是危险的。It is hard to understand what he said.要理解他的话是很难的。 2)  It is+ adj.+ for…+to-infinitive“It is+形容词+for…+动词不定式”可以用来具体说明正在谈论的事情。在该句型中，it是形式主语，for后面所引导的人或物是动词不定式的逻辑主语，for sb./sth. to do sth.在英语中通常称为动词不定式的复合结构。其中的形容词用来说明不定式的特征，而不是说明人的特征或性格。用于该句型的常见形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，important, interesting, dangerous, possible, 'impossible, meaningful, comfortable, uncomfortable等。如：It's difficult for you to pass the exam.对你来说通过这次考试是困难的。【典型例题】在下午五点钟之前完成这项工作是不可能的。___________________________________________________________. 他们有必要乘出租车。_______ _______ necessary_______ _______ to take a taxi.【答案】It is impossible to finish this task before 5 p.m.        It, is , for , them 2. It is+ adj．+ of…+ (not) to do sth．（It is＋形容词＋of…＋动词不定式）“It is+形容词+ of…+ 动词不定式”结构用来对某人的品质、性格等作出评价，其中的形容词必须是表示人的品质、性格等的形容词。it是形式主语，没有实际意义。该结构中的sb.和(not) to do sth.有着逻辑上的主谓关系，所以该句型又可以转换成“sb.+ be+ adj.+(not) to do sth.”。用于该句型的常见形容词有：careless，careful，clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, impolite, rude, selfish, generous, wise, silly, modest, proud, thoughtful等。如： It's very nice of you to give me a gift. =You are very nice to give me a gift.你送给我礼物，你真好。It is silly of you not to forgive others for their mistakes. =You are silly not to forgive others for their mistakes.你不原谅别人的错误是愚蠢的。【典型例题】①It's impossible _______you to finish the work in such a short time.②It's selfish _______your cousin to eat up the whole cake.【答案】for,  of  一、单词拼写1.If you don’t speak a lot ________(大声地)than before you won’t make others hear clearly.2.Can you speak a little more ____________ (loud) to make everyone hear you clearly?3.Well,that's another way I could think of__________(express) myself clearly.4.Do you have the habit of underlining useful ____________ (express) while reading books?5.How ____________ (polite) you are to talk on the phone aloud in the quite library!6.Our teacher told us the good teamwork made us ____________ (success) hold the meeting.7.If you let your life pass so _________(mean), you will regret sometime in the future.8.people all over the world find it _________(touch) to hear about the stories of heroes in harm’s way.9.All the __________(Germany) poems show this woman poet’s feeling towards her country.10.The shirts over there can’t be the ____________ (Roman). I’ve never seen them wear blue.11.The homeless parents can’t raise the family, _________(让....处于某种状态)the children crying out of hunger.12.The engineer is too busy__________(fix)these machines.They have no time to relax.【答案】1.louder  2.loudly  3.to express  4.expressions  5.impolite  6.successfully 7.meaninglessly  8.touching  9.German’s  10.Romans’  11.leaving  12.fixing 二、句子翻译1.如果你不得不打断别人说话，请记住说抱歉。Please ____________________________ if you __________________________ others.【答案】Please remember to say “sorry” if you have to cut in on others.2.在饭桌上伸手越过别人的盘子去够你想吃的是糟糕的礼仪。It’s _____________________________________________________ what you want to eat.【答案】It’s a bad manner to reach over others’ plates for what you want to eat.3.我的老师经常告诫我和女士聊天时要避免不恰当的话题。My teacher often _________________________________ while chatting with ladies.【答案】My teacher often warns us to avoid improper subjects while chatting with ladies.4.此次活动的目的是给这些孩子更多找到快乐的机会。_______________ of the activity ___________________ the children ______________ happiness.【答案】The purpose of the activity is to give the children more chances to find happiness.5.他指望父母为他准备好一切，这是不对的。It’s _____________________________ his parents ______________________________ for him.【答案】It’s incorrect that he expects his parents to prepare everything for him.6.向那些孩子解释如何保护自己免受危险是多么有必要啊！How ___________________________________________       __________ from danger to the children!【答案】How necessary it is to explain how to protect themselves from danger to the children! 三、单项选择1.He found           very interesting            a horse.A. that; to ride B. it; riding C. it; to ride D. it is; to ride2.Your donations can            poor children    __ food and a chance to study.A. provide; to B. give; for C. provide; with D. give; against3.It's very            you to make the same mistake again.A. careless for B. careful for C. careless of D. careless for4. It’s bad manners to laugh _____ others when they are _____ trouble.A. at ,in B. over ,atC. with ,on D. to, with5._____ good information! I have never heard _____ wonderful news.A. What a such a B. What, such C. How, so D. How, so a6. We find________impossible for us to learn a foreign language well in a short time．A. That B. this C. one D. it7. ______ children Simon and Jim are! They help Mrs. Li clean the house every day．A. How nice B. How braveC. What nice D. What brave8. --- Mrs. Brown, I don’t think we can get there on time by bike. --- You mean it’s ___________ for us to take a taxi?A. necessary B. important C. possible D. difficult9.--Why not come and join us in the game, Linda?--           , but I have something to discuss with Mr Smith at his office.A. I hope so B. I' d like toC. Let's go D. It's my pleasure10. You don’t know ______ I want to see you again. It’s a year since I last saw you.A. how soon B. how longC. how often D. how much【答案】CCCAB  DCABD 四、动词填空1. I'm thinking of_______ (join) the writing competition.2. It's a little difficult for us -_______ (achieve) our dream right now, but we should never give up.3. -Did you notice anybody enter the building just now?  -Sorry, I_______ (cut) down the tree in the garden.4. -_______ you_______ (finish) your homework?  -Not yet. I_______ (finish) it in two hours.5. Have you decided which one_______ (buy)? Everyone is waiting for you.6. The boss made his workers_______ (not work) eight hours but 12 hours a day.7. Please don't keep us_______ (stand) outside in such cold weather for long.8. I will give the book to him as soon as he_______ (come) back.9.We hold this activity_______ (raise) money for the local people.10. The government_______ (build) another two hospitals already so that people don't need to go to another city when they are ill.11. How often_______ the Winter Olympics_______ (take) place?12.. It's a good chance for us_______ (learn) about European history.13. Who_______ (attend) yesterday's charity show? It was really a success.14. Just at that time I heard someone _______ (call) my name behind. It was my wife.15. You should plan what you_______ (carry) for next week's spring trip.16. My mother_______ (teach) English in that school for nearly 30 years.【答案】joining 2. to achieve 3. was cutting 4. Have, finished, will finish 5. to buy 6. not work 7.standing 8. comes   9.to raise   10.has built   11.do,take   12. to learn   13.attended  14. calling      15.will carry    16. has taught 五、完形填空    Mental (心理) health is about the way you think and feel and your ability to deal with ups and downs. Even though you are mentally healthy, it doesn't (1)______ that you don't have a mental health problem.     Mental health is everyone's business. We all have times when we feel down or (2) ______. Most of the time those feelings pass, (3)_____ sometimes they develop into a more serious problem. It seems that our mental health doesn't always stay the same. It can change as the environment changes and as you move (4) _____ different stages (阶段) of your life.     Here are four (5) ______ to look after your mental health. Making simple changes to how you live doesn't cost much or take up lots of time. Anyone can (6) ______ them.     ● Talk about your feelings. It can help you stay in good mental health. It isn't a sign of (7) ______, but part of your ability to do what you can to stay healthy.     ● Eat well. What you eat and how you feel are (8) _______ connected (关联). A proper diet can have a good effect on your mental health.     ● Keep in touch. Friends and family members can (9) ______ you different suggestions which may help you keep active and solve practical problems.     ● Take a break. It could be a weekend to look for new places to enjoy the nature, or even a ten-minute break from doing your homework. A few minutes can be enough to (10)______ you. 1. A. agree     B. doubt    C. mean    D. notice2. A. happy     B. sad    C. surprised   D. excited3. A. but      B. and    C. so    D. as4. A. away     B. inside    C. through   D. against5. A. answers     B. advice    C. ways    D. chances6. A. follow     B. find    C. advise    D. count7. A. weakness     B. laziness   C. happiness   D. richness8. A. easily     B. equally   C. closely    D. hardly9. A. provide     B. make    C. get    D. offer10. A. protect     B. relax    C. touch    D. raise【答案】1-5 CBACC          6-10 AACDB 六、阅读理解                                    Although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression (沮丧). The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all.The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”, According to the study, even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”, this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won’t tell that to their parents.Dr Marianm Kaufman, an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.Parents should watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, but only maturity (成熟) gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.1. Which people are more likely to have depression?A. Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness．B. Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions．C. Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior．D. Careless parents whose children are deep in love．2. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “_________.”A. loss of self          B. higher risk of depression     C. A romantic relationship D. hiding their feelings and opinions3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The older a woman is, the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance．B. Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.C. Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.D. Love can make all people live healthily and happily.4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards puppy love?A. Surprised  B. Disinterested   C. Scared   D. Disagree5. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Puppy love may bring young people depression.  B. Parents should forbid their children’s love.C. Romance is a two ­edged sword for adults.     D. Romance is good for young people.【答案】BAADA