【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit5-单元知识点

这是一份【同步练习】译林版初二英语下册 Unit5-单元知识点，共17页。
 8BU5-单元知识点

1：Second, don’t cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打断其他人。
cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴。
如：She always cuts in when other people are talking.
【知识拓展】cut down砍倒；减少, 削减
cut off切断，割断，剪断
cut out切去,切除；剪下
例如：
If you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land.
She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.

2：Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。
polite adj. 有礼貌的 impolite adj. 没有礼貌的 politely adv. 没有礼貌地
be polite to sb. 对…有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对…粗鲁
如：We should be polite to old people.

3：leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流
leave vt.
(1)使…处于某种状态，“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。
①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply.
②形容词作宾语补足语，如：His illness left him weak.

(2)离开; 脱离 leave…for…离开…前往… 如：I’ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.

(3)遗忘; 丢下 leave sth.+地点 如：I left the book at home.
注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，如：
Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home.

4：queue for your turn(P65)排队等待
queue v. 意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office.
jump the queue意为“插队”。
如：Why did you jump the queue just now?

(2 )turn
n. 顺序, 轮流 
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事,
如：It's your turn to make a decision. 
take one's turn to do sth. 轮流做某事
如：The nurses took turns to attend the patient. 

5：I’m afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。
I’m afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如：
I’m afraid I can’t stay.
I’m afraid 之后可接 so 或 not，表示前面所提到的情况：表肯定时用 so；表否定时用 not。如：
---Will he come today? ---I’m afraid so (not).
此用法还有I think so./ I don’t think so. I hope so./I hope not.

8：What’s the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？
(1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如：I have a lot of homework to do.
(2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如：
【拓展】
on the way在路上 by the way顺便说，顺便问 in the way= in sb's way挡路，碍事
(3)greet sb欢迎某人
greet sb. with sth.用…问候某人 greetings名词，问候
（4）improper 不恰当的 properly 恰当地 improperly 不恰当地

9：British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。
(1)shake 过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking
常用短语：shake one’s hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手
wave one’s hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手
(2) hand vt.
常用短语：hand in 上交，交上去(给老师或上级)
hand out 散发，分发

10：British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。
close
①vt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：She closed the door softly.
②adj.近的,接近的(+to) 。 如：His house is close to the factory.
(关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs.
③adv. 接近,靠近地(+to)。如：They live close to the museum.
紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind.
④ closely adv. 密切地（抽象概念） work closely
【拓展】closed adj. 关闭的，反义词为open。
如：He likes sleeping with the window closed.

11：But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. (P66)
但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。
avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：
We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes.

12：Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？
(1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现；行为，举止
(2)public n.民众，群体； adj.公共的，公开的。如：
The public like watching films like this.
Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street.
in public公开地，在别人面前。如：
Don’t speak loudly in public.

13：They think it’s rude to push in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。
(1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness; 反义词polite
常用短语：be rude to 对…粗鲁，如：
We shouldn’t be rude to anyone.
(2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉
常用短语：push in插队，加塞；插嘴

14：Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。
bump into 撞上，碰上
【拓展】run into撞上，碰上 break into破门而入，非法进入 turn…into把…变成…

15：They’ll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. (P67)
他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。
在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成not…until…的结构，意为“直到…才…”如：
She will wait here till/until 10.
Tom didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.

16：British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?
放句中用as well as，放句末用as well；as well as用在主语后，要用就远原则，如：
He as well as his parents is going to the market. 主语看作三单

17：She did not join the discussion.(P71)她没有加入讨论。
discussion n.讨论 动词形式 discuss
常用短语：under discussion

18.do sth. by accident 偶然，碰巧

19.express oneself clearly

20.举行一个关于……的演讲 hold a talk on ....
注意：介词on

21.它将会在星期天下午两点钟举行。It will take place at 2 on Sunday afternoon.
我们将举行一个关于好的餐桌礼仪的演讲。We are going to hold a talk on good table manners.
注意：hold和take place的区别
hold是举办人做主语，宾语是举办的活动比赛等；take place是活动比赛做主语，后面没有宾语。

1：Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。
explain vt./vi. 及物动词的用法为 explain to sb. sth. 或 explain sth. to sb. 即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词 to。如：
He explained to me the difficult maths problem.= He explained the difficult maths problem to me.

2：keep us from danger (P72)使我们远离危险
keep sb./sth away from sth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近
keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
如：He keeps his dog away from his bedroom.
Tom kept his little brother from bothering him .

3：warn us against something (P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情
warn vt. 警告，提醒
用法如下：
①warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如：
He warned us not to stay up late.
②warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：
He warned the danger of the car accident.
warning n.警告，提醒。
如：To give a warning, he waved his hands quickly.
　
4：Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。
notice 常用于notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.结构中。
如：Did you notice Jack come in?
Did you notice his hand shaking?
notice n. 意为"布告,公告,启事",是可数名词。如：
There is a notice on the office gate saying "No Parking".
作名词常用的词组有：
①take notice of sb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。如: Take notice of what they say.
②take no notice of sb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。如: Take no notice of his angry words-he is not well.

5：Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。
successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 success n. 成功。succeed vi.成功；
如：His success makes me want to be successful in the near future.
常用短语：do sth. successfully= succeed in sth./ doing sth.

6：Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。
risk vt.冒…的危险; 使…冒风险（或面临危险）
常用短语：risk sth /doing sth 冒…什么危险/冒险做某事
如：He risked walking alone in the dark.
risk n.危险，冒险
常用短语：at risk 在危险中 run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事
如：We’d better not run the risk of catching a cold by walking without an umbrella in the rain.

7：Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。
(1) as用法小结
1）作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。 如：
You must do everything as I asked you to.
2）作介词，表示“作为； 当作”。如：
As a party member, I must be strict with myself． 
3）作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。 如：
She sings as she walks． 
4）用于一些固定搭配。如：  as well as 同（一样也）；和；还
On Sunday, his landlady provided dinner as well as breakfast．

（2）saying谚语
常见的谚语有：
Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
No pains, no gains.不劳无获。
Burn the candles at both ends.操劳过度。
The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。
Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。
Every dog has its day.人人都有得意日。
Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一掷。
The grass is always greener than the other side.这山看着那山高。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。
It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

8：Otherwise, you will become tired out. (P75)否则，你将会筋疲力尽。
tired adj. 累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiring adj. 令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。
常用短语：be tired of 对...感到厌倦; be tired with 因...而疲劳。如：
I am tired of living aboard.
I am tired with climbing that steep hill.

9：conclusion (P76)结论
conclusion n.结论; 结局; 断定，决定; 推论; 复数：conclusions
conclude v.下结论。如：

10：The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating.(P77) 讲座的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。
此处的to teach放在is的后面，做表语。动词不定式还可以放在名词的后面做后置定语。如：
I have a lot of homework to do.

11：Above all, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready. (P77)
最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。
above all最重要的是，如：Above all, it needs a wise decision. 一般放在句首，后面加逗号“，”
其他all短语：in all 总计 after all 毕竟 first of all 首先
at the table 在桌子旁
有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：
①at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁
②in class在上课； in the class在班级中
③go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去
④go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去
⑤in front of在…的前面; in the front of在…的前部

12：These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. (P77) 这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。
make sure用法
Make sure of his coming before you set off. 
I make sure (that) he would come. 


enough to的用法
“be+adj./adv.+enough to do sth.”结构常用来描述一个人的个性、品格和能力。该结构可以用so... that句型进行替换。如:
He is strong enough to carry the heavy stone.=He is so strong that he can carry the heavy stone.
他够强壮能搬起这块很重的石头。
enough在句中可以作状语、定语和表语。如:
The house is not big enough for us.这房子对我们来说不够大。(作状语)
Have you got enough money?你的钱够吗?(作定语)
Six bottles should be enough.六瓶应该够了。(作表语)

too... to的用法
英语中too... to结构的基本形式是“be too+adj./adv.(for sb.)+to do sth.”，意为“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意义上是否定的。使用该结构时，应注意以下几点：
1. 当主语本身是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式后不接宾语。此时的不定式如果是不及物动词，动词之后应加上适当的介词，这时的主语就变成了介词的宾语。如:
The water in the glass is too hot to drink.
杯子内的水太热了不能喝。( drink是及物动词，the water是drink的逻辑宾语)
The house is too old to live in.
这房子太旧了不能住( live是不及物动词，其后须接介词，the house是in的逻辑宾语)
2.当主语不是不定式的逻辑宾语，而不定式是及物动词时，动词之后要接宾语。如:
The hall is too small to hold so many students. 会堂太小了不能容纳这么多学生。
3. 动词不定式之前可以带逻辑主语，表示不定式动作的执行者，常用for sb.。如:
The house is too expensive for him to buy. 对他来说这房子太贵了，买不起。
4. 如果在too之前加上not或never，该结构就不再有否定的意义，意为“永/绝不……做某事”。如:
Chinese is not too difficult to learn.汉语绝不难学。
One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

单项选择
( ) 1.—Do you want to keep goldfish?
—No, it is_______ difficult_______ take care of them.
A. so; that B. not; enough to C. too; to D. such; that
( ) 2. He ran and ran, but he couldn't run_______ to catch the bus.
A. so fast B. enough fast C. too fast D. fast enough
( ) 3. He is_______ apples with us.
A. old enough picking B. enough old to pick
C. old enough to pick D. enough old picking
( ) 4. The Chinese girl Han Meimei can speak good English_______. Her English is _______ that of Lucy.
A. as well; as well B. as well; as good as
C. too; as good D. as well as; as well as
( ) 5. I find it_______ to work out this problem. You needn't go to the teacher.
A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily
( ) 6. The stone is _______ heavy for me to carry.
A. too B. very C. so D. enough
( ) 7. The room is_______ three desks.
A. very big to hold B. big enough to hold
C. enough big to hold D. too big to hold
( ) 8.—Mum, can I ride your new motorbike to visit my friends?
—Sorry, baby. I think you are_______ young_______ ride it.
A. so; that B. too; to C. enough; to D. too; that
( ) 9. The workers are too busy_______, They have to keep working till they finish it.
A. having a rest B. not to have a rest
C. to have a rest D. that they have a rest
( ) 10. The old man was______ angry______ a word. He just stood there, looking at his son.
A. enough; to say B. so; saying C. very; to say D. too; to say
【答案】CDCBC ABBCD

翻译句子
1. 我太兴奋了，都没法清楚地表达自己。
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Peter太慢了，没能写下所有的重点。
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Kitty忙于和他人交谈没有听以致于收音机。
________________________________________________________________________________
4. 英国人太有礼貌了，不会在公共场合大声笑。
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Sandy够细心能注意到她身边的小变化。
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Suzy太害羞了，没能加入讨论。
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. I am too excited to express himself clearly.
2. Peter was too slow to write down all the main points.
3. Kitty was too busy talking with others to listen to the radio.
4. British people are too polite to laugh loudly in public.
5. Sandy is careful enough to notice small changes around her.
6. Suzy was too shy to join (in) the discussion.


一、单词拼写
1. My father told me not to_______（碰）the vase in his study. He said it was made in Qing Dynasty.
2. A _______（谚语）is a sentence that people often say and give advice or information about human life and experience.
3. Keep working _______（直到）you all can work this problem out.
4._______（正如）you can see, we are in need of food and drink now.
5. These pages aren't in their_______（适当的）order.
6. We_______（推）the piano, but it didn't move.
7. The lady shouted as_______（大声地）as she could.
8. - _______ me, could you tell me the way to the library?
-Sorry, I'm new here. You may ask the old man sitting there.
9. -What's wrong with your leg?
-Oh, I hit a rock by _______. It really hurt me a lot.
10. -I heard people in England drive on the left. Should I do as they do?
-Of course. Remember that "When in Rome, do as the _______ do".
【答案】
1. touch 2. saying 3. till/until 4. As 5. proper 6. pushed 7. loudly 8. Excuse
9. accident 10. Romans

二、单项选择
( ) l. I couldn't walk very fast because a lot of people were _______.
A. in my way B. in this way C. in some way D. on my way
( ) 2. Do they greet each other _______ a kiss?
A. by B. at C. with D. use
( ) 3. -Mum's birthday is coming. What would you buy for her?
-I'm not sure. Anyway, I will find _______.
A. enough good something B something good enough
C. something enough good D. good something enough
( ) 4. I like maths and she likes math _______.
A. either B. as well as C. as well D. so well
( ) 5. -You are new here, _______?
-Yes, I'm from Jiamusi. It's my first time I've________Wuxi.
A. aren't you; been to B. don't you; been to
C. aren't you; been in D. don't you; gone to
( ) 6. I'm sorry you've waited so long, but there’ll be some time _______ Bran gets back
A. when B. since C. till D. after
( ) 7. Mother often tells me to speak in a low _______ in public.
A. sound B. shout C. scream D. voice
( ) 8. -Do you think it will rain tomorrow?
- _______. Because farmers need rain very much.
A.I think so B. I hope so C. I'm afraid so D. I'm afraid not
【答案】1-5 ACBCC 6-8 CDB

三、完形填空
Now more and more people would like to visit Tibet(西藏). What would you do if you go to 1 a Tibetan family? Here are some tips for you.
First, when you are 2 the house, don't step on the doorsill (门槛）. And when you talk with them, you may add "la" behind their names to show 3 respect (尊重) and kindness. Remember not to touch the top of the head of the Tibetans. It's not 4 .Then, if they ask you to take a seat, you may 5 cross-legged. Don't let your soles (鞋底) touch others. Tibetan people are friendly. During the meal, they 6 like to have a drink when they have dinner with friends.
For the Tibetans, sticking out the tongue means expressing their respect for 7 . If they put their palms(手掌) together, it 8 the best wish for you.
Use 9 hands to receive gifts. Hada, the white scarf, is the symbol of good luck. Presenting it is the greatest etiquette (礼节) 10 Tibetan people. So you should bend (弯) your body when receiving it.
Wish you a good time in a Tibetan family.
( ) 1. A. have B. visit C. leave D. see
( ) 2. A. entering B. building C. buying D. enjoying
( ) 3. A. its B. our C. your D. wild
( ) 4. A. strange B. wild C. happy D. polite
( ) 5. A. sit B. lie C. stand D. run
( ) 6. A. never B. always C. seldom D. still
( ) 7. A. them B. other C. another D. others
( ) 8. A. calls B. asks C. means D. joins.
( ) 9. A. both B. all C. no D. each
( )10. A. across B. among C. after D. about
【答案】 1-5 BACDA 6-10 BDCAB

四、阅读理解
When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say, "Excuse me.” This is a rule I set for my students.
It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do this. In fact, I notice adults cough and sneeze in public without putting a hand over the mouth. I hate travelling by subway（地铁）in New York during cold and flu season, because it is certain that someone is going to stand right behind me and cough or sneeze on my neck.
One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hand, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. Otherwise, they will be passing those germs(病菌)along to everything and everyone they touch.
In order to help the kids remember this rule, I tell them about an old story. It says that when you sneeze, evil spirits jump into your body. If you don't cover your mouth, the spirits will enter, but if you cover your mouth, you will keep them out, We say "God bless you" when someone sneezes, and in Germany you should say "Gesundheit". That means "Good health to you." Both expressions are said just in case you didn't cover your mouth in time and the spirits were able to enter your body. The kids love finding out the origins（起源）of these expressions and it encourages them to put the advice to use more often.
( ) 1. After coughing or sneezing on their hand, students are advised to_______.
A. say "God bless you" B. wash their hands as soon as possible
C. go to see a doctor as soon as possible D. go home and have a good rest
( ) 2. What does the underline word "this" mean?
A. Don't cough or sneeze in front of people.
B. Don't stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.
C. Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train. .
D. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry.
( ) 3. From the passage we can know the writer of this article must be_______.
A. a reporter B. a teacher C. a doctor D. an officer
( ) 4. According to the article, the writer would like the kids_______.
A. to be polite to adults B. to be in better health
C. to have good manners D. to do well in exams
【答案】1-4 BDBC

五、翻译句子
1.这些公共标志牌使我们远离危险。
These keep us .
2.行动胜于雄辩。Action words.
3.熟能生巧。 .
4.刚才警察警告他们不要在街上踢足球。
The policeman play football in the street just now.
5.这次聚会的目的是为贫困学生筹款。
is poor students.
【答案】
1 public signs; from danger 2 speaks louder than 3 Practice makes perfect.
4 warned them not to 5 The purpose of the party; to raise money for

六、动词填空
1. ---_________they________(decide) when and where_____________(build) the new factory?
---Not yet.
2. My grandpa is not strong enough______________ (travel) around the world on his own.
3. You don't need to describe her. I_____________ (meet) her several times.
4. This cake ______________ (smell) great, but I have to lose weight.
5. —Why didn’t you hear the doorbell?
—Because I ______________ (explain) a math problem to my daughter.
6. Everything seemed _______________ (happen) so fast before I realized the danger.
7. The plate ____________ (drop) from her hands when someone walked past her.
8. Why can’t you just understand? I _______________ (tell) you about it so many times!
9. You can never think of the fun that we had ________________ (chat) with each other.
10. Look! The whole class ________________ (listen) to the teacher carefully.
11. People are wondering why the price of flats in big cities_______________ (rise) so fast in the past few months.
12. Well, that’s another way I could think of ______________ (share) the same idea with them,
13. I believe Tom, my best friend, _______________ (become) the School Best Singer again next year.
14. Did your parents warn you______________(not pick) the flowers in the park?
15. On Sunday afternoon, Mrs. Green felt sick so she lay on the sofa, ___________(have) a rest.
16. ---Do you know when he____________ (come) again?
---I don't know. When he____________ (come), I'll let you know.
17.It__________(rain)all the time these days. I'm wondering when it__________(stop)raining.
18. The child is old enough_______ (dress) himself without his mother's help.
19. By_______ (send) messages to each other, we have learnt a lot of interesting stories about our school.
20. My friend invited me_______ (have) dinner with her.
21. The teacher said that the sun_______ (rise) in the east.
22. I don't think he_______ (know) me at that time.
23.Mother is busy_______ (make) cookies for the picnic.
24.He looked downward to avoid_______ (look) at my eyes.
25. Millie_______ (shake) my hand and turned away.
【答案】
Have decided;to build to travel have met smells
was explaining to happen dropped have told
chatting are listening has risen to share
will become not to pick having will come;comes
is raining;will stop to dress sending to have rises knew
making looking shook