备战2023年新中考二轮英语专题导练 考点5 被动语态

考点5 被动语态

考点精讲

概念∶主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者由 by 引出，by 意为"被/由"

一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词

一般过去时的被动语态was/were +过去分词

动词的 被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态will/shall/be going to+be+过去分词构成

语态            现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are ＋being +过去分词   

现在完成时的被动语态∶has/have + been+过去分词

含情态动词的被动语态∶情态动词 +be +过去分词

主动语态变被动语态的方法∶宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动

常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况

使用被动语态的情况

主动结构表被动意义的情况

一．分析

分析近10年中考真题可知，语法选择中2年考查了2道被动语态。往年单项填空每年必考1道动词的语态，选项设置大多是两种时态结合两种语态，而对其时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。解答此类试题，考生应做到以下几点：

1.观察语境，确定题目所用的时态；

2.分析选项，若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项(be+过去分词)，则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态，由此可排除两个主动语态的选项；

3.根据时态判断出正确的答案。

一、动词语态基本知识

1.定义：

语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。简单来说，就是判断谓语动作是否是主语发出的，如果是，一般为主动语态，如果不是，通常是被动语态。一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态。如：

She opened the window. 她打开了这扇窗户。(主动语态)

The window was opened.  这扇窗被打开了。(被动语态)

2. 被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成。be动词的变化体现时态的变化，过去分词的形式不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。

二、中考主要的四种被动语态

1.一般现在时的被动语态。

构成：主语＋be(am/is/are)＋动词的过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．

如：Our house is cleaned by my sister every day. 我们的房子每天由我姐姐打扫。(肯定句)

→Our house isn't cleaned by my sister every day. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not)

→Is our house cleaned by my sister every day? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)

2.一般过去时的被动语态。

构成：主语＋be(was/were)＋动词的过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．

如：The pen was bought by my father yesterday. 这支钢笔是我爸爸昨天买的。

→The pen wasn't bought by my father yesterday. (否定句，在was/were后加not)

→Was the pen bought by my father yesterday? (一般疑问句，把was/were提到句首)

3.一般将来时的被动语态。

构成：

（1）主语＋will be＋动词的过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．

（2）主语＋be(am/is/are)＋going to be＋动词的过去分词 ＋by sb./to do sth．

如：(1)These trees will be planted tomorrow. 这些树明天将被种植。

→These trees won't be planted tomorrow. (否定句，在will后加not)

→Will these trees be planted tomorrow? (一般疑问句，把will提到句首)

(2)The meeting is going to be held next week. 会议将于下周召开。

→The meeting isn't going to be held next week. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not)

→Is the meeting going to be held next week? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)

4.含有情态动词的被动语态。

构成：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．

如：The plan should be made as soon as possible. 这项计划应该尽早制订出来。

→The plan shouldn't be made as soon as possible. (否定句，主语＋情态动词＋not ＋ be＋ done)

→Should the plan be made as soon as possible? (一般疑问句，情态动词＋主语＋be＋ done)

→What should be made as soon as possible? (特殊疑问句， 特殊疑问词＋情态动词 (＋主语)＋be ＋done)

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个方面

1. 使役动词的被动语态。

常见的使役动词为make、let、keep、have、get等，see、hear、notice等为感官动词，使役动词的句子在表达主动意义时，动词do前面没有to，但在被动语态中要加to。

即：

主动：make / see / watch / notice / hear sb. do sth.

被动：sb. be made / seen / watched / noticed / heard to do sth.

e.g.: I made the baby cry.(主动语态)

=The baby was made to cry by me.(被动语态)

2. 双宾语的被动语态。

(1)间接宾语(人)变成被动语态的主语，直接宾语(物)仍保留在原位。

e.g.: She gave me a book just now.=I was given a book by her just now．

(2)间接宾语(物)变成被动语态的主语，间接宾语(人)前加介词to或for。

e.g.:She gave me a book just now.=A book was given to me by her just now．

3. 感官动词(look、 smell、 taste、 sound、 feel)用主动语态表被动。

e.g.: The music sounds sweet．

4. 不及物动词(happen、take place、 cost、break out、 spread、 belong to等)没有被动语态。

e.g.: News spreads fast on WeChat today.

5.动词短语变成被动语态时不能少掉其中的介词或副词。

e.g.: The nurse looks after the patient well.

=The patient is looked after well by the nurse．

6.open、 lock、 write、 read、 sell、 clean、 wash、 cut、 drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表被动。

e.g.: This kind of shirt washes well.The pen writes smoothly．

7.动词ing形式表被动的动词

①need, require作“需要”时，其后常跟动词ing表被动。等同于不定式后的被动语态。

  The bike needs mending. = The bike needs to be mended.     

②be worth doing sth.值得做某事

  The book is well worth reading.

真题解析

例题

1．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）—More trees need to be planted in the northwest of China

—Yes. With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could ________.

A．protect B．be protected C．stop D．be stopped

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——中国西北部需要种植更多的树木。——是的。有了足够的树木，沙尘暴就可以被阻止。

考查情态动词的被动语态以及动词辨析。protect保护；stop停止。根据“With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could”可知，有了足够的树，沙尘暴才可以被阻止，主语“sandstorms”与谓语动词“stop”是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动语态；又因题空前“could”可知，这里是情态动词的被动语态，结构是“情态动词+be done”。故选D。

2．（2021·四川资阳·中考真题）Tianwen 1 ________ into space last year and landed successfully on Mars recently.

A．sent B．is sent C．was sent D．had sent

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：天问一号去年发射升空，最近成功登陆火星。

考查一般过去时的被动语态。结合时间状语last year可知本句用一般过去时；主语“天问一号”和谓语动词“发送”是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，其结构为be done。故选C。

3．（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in September 2022. I can’t wait!

A．were held B．will be held C．have held D．are held

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：第十九届亚运会将于2022年9月在杭州举行，我等不及了。

考查一般将来时的被动语态 。根据题干，可知主语“The 19th Asian Games”（第十九届亚运会）和其谓语“hold”（举行）之间是被动关系，且题干时间状语“in September 2022”表示的语境是将来时态，因此设空处应用一般将来时态的被动语态，即will be held符合语境，故选B。

4．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Many people believe that teenagers should ________（allow）to make their own decisions in some ways.

【答案】be allowed

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：许多人认为青少年应该被允许在某些方面做自己的选择。主语teenagers “青少年” 是动词allow “允许”动作的承受者，表示应该被允许做决定，结构是情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故填be allowed。

（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一词。

5．Many old houses around our school ________ last year and a large green area appeared.

6．With strong team spirit, the Chinese women’s volleyball players ________ for the national honor at the coming Olympics.

7．Tom ________ the volunteer program with his friends at this time yesterday.

8．The smart robot in the restaurant always ________ the customers’ eyes.

9．It’s reported that the temperature ________ quickly since this morning.

【答案】5．were pulled down

6．will fight##are going to fight

7．was discussing

8．catches

9．has climbed

【解析】

【分析】

5．

句意：去年，我们学校附近很多旧房子被拆除，出现了一大片绿地。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词短语pull down拆除，推倒；根据“last year”可知时态为一般过去时，故动词应用其过去式；房子是被拆除，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词；主语houses为复数。故填were pulled down。

6．

句意：在即将到来的奥运会上，中国女排队员将凭借强大的团队精神为国家荣誉而战。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词fight战斗；根据“at the coming Olympics”可知时态为一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形和be going to+动词原形；主语“players”为复数，故be动词用are。故填will fight/are going to fight。

7．

句意：昨天这个时候汤姆正在和他的朋友讨论志愿者计划。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词discuss讨论；根据“at this time yesterday.”可知时态为过去进行时，其结构为was/were+动词ing；主语Tom为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was discussing。

8．

句意：餐馆里的智能机器人总是能吸引顾客的眼球。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词catch抓住，吸引；根据“always”可知时态为一般现在时，主语“The smart robot”为第三人称单数。故填catches。

9．

句意：据报道，从今天早上开始，气温迅速上升。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词climb上升，升高；根据“since this morning”可知时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词；主语“the temperature”为第三人称单数。故填has climbed。

突破提升

一、单项选择

1．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In the year of 2020, each of us ________ by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan who taught us how to fight against the difficulties in life with a strong will.

A．were greatly encouraged B．greatly encourages

C．greatly encouraged D．was greatly encouraged

2．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—In China, driving after drinking ________.

—You are right. That’s ________ the law.

A．is not allowed; against B．was not allowed; with

C．are not allowed; for D．were not allowed; along

3．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.

A．discover B．be discovered C．have discovered D．be discovering

4．（2021·湖北省直辖县级单位·中考真题）—How clean your bike is!

—Thank you. It ________ very often.

A．is washed B．washes C．was washing D．washed

5．（2021·江苏南通·中考真题）—Good news! The Underground Line 1 in Nantong ________ to come into service soon.

—That’s great! Transport will become much easier for us.

A．will be expected B．is expected C．expects D．is expecting

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

6．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）Rubbish is ________ (separate) into groups in many other cities now, following the practice in Shanghai.

7．（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Should teenagers be ________（allow） to choose their own clothes?

三、完成句子

8．（2021·广东广州·中考真题）这款机器人是由一位十岁的小学生发明的。

This robot _________ _________ by a ten-year-old pupil.

9．（2021·辽宁阜新·中考真题）中国共产党于1921年7月1日成立。

The Communist Party of China ____________ on 1st of July, 1921.

四、汉译英：整句

10．（2021·山东威海·中考真题）这个漂亮的公园是什么时候建的？

____________________________?