热点05 农民丰收节与粮食安全-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

这是一份热点05 农民丰收节与粮食安全-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)，共20页。试卷主要包含了5%，连续7年超过1，36亿亩，完成18等内容，欢迎下载使用。
备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练
热点05 农民丰收节与粮食安全

新时代农业展示乡村新“丰”景
秋分时节，硕果累累。9月23日，2022中国农民丰收节杭州主场活动在桐庐县梅蓉村举行。
趣味村跑打卡梅蓉，逛特色乡村集市秀，赏新时代农村农民风采，看农业“双强”行动成果……整个主场活动以“庆丰收、迎盛会”为主线，不仅在现场设置了杭州“三农”这十年、农业双强展区、非遗展区等成果展示，更有群众文艺汇演、乡村集市秀、金秋消费季网上农博直播等一系列丰富多彩的庆丰收活动。同时，还进行金融助农——金融机构扶持三农项目信贷现场签约、农业招商项目现场推荐，在这个金秋时节，为杭州农业发展迎来一场大丰收。
本届农民丰收节杭州主场活动恰逢党的二十大召开之年，也是展示杭州市乡村振兴成果、奋力推进“两个先行”杭州实践的又一个丰收节。不但为广大农民朋友搭建展示风采的舞台，为特色农产品搭建丰收的集市，而且积极鼓励农创客创新创业发展，并全面展示我市“三农”工作长足发展的丰硕成果。
作为本次农民丰收节主场活动，现场对新评选出来的十位首届杭州市“最美农技员”颁发了荣誉证书，他们是一批俯身大地为“三农”的农业科技“实践者”，是农业新技术新知识的“求索者”，是三农初心的“守护者”，是舍家忘我的“奉献者”，他们在产业引领、科技驱动、服务农业生产、保障粮食安全、推动农业高质量发展中发挥了重要作用。
活动还举行了“金融助农——金融机构扶持三农项目信贷”签约仪式，杭州市农业农村局与多家金融机构签署了“助力三农发展战略合作协议”，双方将发挥政府组织管理优势和金融的资源优势，共同推动更多金融资源配置到“三农”领域，更好地满足乡村振兴多样化、多层次的金融需求，促进“美丽成果”向“美丽经济”转化，成为实施乡村振兴战略和促进农村共同富裕的重要推力，为杭州农业农村全面发展赋能。
值得一提的是，现场一系列杭州本土品牌农产品和品牌特色小吃，汇集成一场具有浓厚乡土气息的特色乡村集市秀。此外，作为杭州主场活动的关键一环，金秋消费季网上农博直播掀起了杭产品牌农产品的“丰收季”线上狂欢。杭州市农业农村局从9月14日至30日，在“网上农博”APP及小程序上连续发放六期总额达1000万元的农产品专用消费券，提振消费活力，让更多的优质杭产农产品走入千家万户。


近年来，杭州市“三农”工作取得了长足发展。2021年，全市农林牧渔业总产值503.56亿元，农村居民人均可支配收入4.27万元，城乡居民人均可支配收入差距缩小到 1.75∶1，城乡均衡性走在全省全国前列。今年以来，农业生产平稳向好，粮食、蔬菜、生猪等均实现同比增长。美丽乡村品质提升，建成一批美丽乡村特色村、未来乡村、数字乡村，村民幸福生活宜居环境不断改善。强村富民活力显现，到今年底，西部山区4县将全部实现“5030”目标，东部地区75%村集体经营性收入超过100万元。民生保障普惠共享，基本医保市级统筹全面做实，城乡居民养老保险保障水平大幅提升，农村义务教育学校标准化达标率100%，全市城乡同质化供水覆盖率99.57%，均居全省前列。
在接下来的一个月里，全市还有稻香小镇开镰节、稻香文化节、丰收大王赛、柿子大会、新米宴、开酒节等十余场丰收节系列活动陆续开展，涵盖农事体验、自然教育、美食交流等一系列活动，也展示了杭州市新时代美丽乡村建设的巨大成就、农业高质量发展的丰硕成果、农耕文明传承的无限活力、乡村全面振兴的光明前景，让节日喜庆传递到田间地头、传递到城市乡村的千家万户。（来源：《杭州日报》，2022-9-23）
筑牢粮食安全基础 秋粮丰收可期
民为国基，谷为民命。一餐一饭，关乎的是人民幸福，也是国家安危。
　　作为世界第一大粮食生产国，中国用不足全球9%的耕地、6%的淡水资源，生产出约占世界1/4的粮食，解决了全球1/5人口的吃饭问题，为中国和世界粮食安全做出巨大贡献。
　　党的十八大以来，我国提出了国家粮食安全新战略，走出了一条中国特色粮食安全之路。
　　——量质齐增，守住粮食安全底线。十年来，我国粮食和重要农产品供给稳定， 2021年我国人均粮食占有量达到483公斤，高于国际公认的400公斤粮食安全线，做到了谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全。棉油糖胶稳定发展，农产品质量安全例行监测合格率稳定在97%以上，越来越多绿色优质农产品摆上百姓餐桌。
　　——创新驱动，迈上现代农业新台阶。十八大以来，各地区各部门坚持走内涵式现代农业发展道路，农业现代化建设迈上新台阶。目前，我国农作物耕种收综合机械化率超过72%。小麦、玉米、水稻三大粮食作物耕种收综合机械化率分别超过97%、90%和85%，农机装备对粮食增产贡献率显著提高。
　　此外，农技农艺不断升级，我国组建了50个国家现代农业产业技术体系，建成了47个国家重点实验室、100个农业科学观测试验站，取得了节水抗旱小麦、超级稻等一批重大标志性成果，目前农业科技进步贡献率超61%。
　　——优化产能，把握粮食安全主动权。十八大以来，我国农田有效灌溉面积占比超过54%，累计建成9亿亩高标准农田。粮食作物良种基本实现了全覆盖，三大国家级育制种基地和216个制种大县、区域性良繁基地加快建设，农作物自主选育品种面积占比超过了95%，良种在农业增产中的贡献率超过45%。
　　政策科技等齐发力，夯实了中国粮食安全之基。2021年，中国粮食产量达到13657亿斤，比2012年增产11.5%，连续7年超过1.3万亿斤。
　　农业农村部农情调度显示，截至9月20日，全国秋粮已收获2.36亿亩，完成18.1%，进度同比快0.9个百分点。全年粮食产量有望继续保持在1.3万亿斤以上，为端稳中国饭碗提供坚实支撑。（来源：人民网，2022-09-26）


agriculture (farming) 农业
agricultural 农业的
land (soil) 土壤；土地
soil conservation 土壤保护
soil erosion 泥土流失
silt 粉砂，泥沙
clay 黏土，湿土
clod 土块
agrarian 土地的，农业的
pilot (experimental ) 试验性的
harrow( rake) 耙，耙土
ridge 田埂
furrow 犁沟
plot （patch）小块地
ranch 农场，牧场
plantation 种植园
orchard 果园
nursery 苗圃
seedbed 苗床
sickle 镰刀
spade 铲，锹
shovel (平头) 铲
Hoe 锄头
Iron 铁
Hammer 锤
pick 摘
tractor 拖拉机
cultivate (till) 耕作
sow(seed) 播种
harvest 收割
weed 除草
irrigate 灌溉
manure(fertilizer) 肥料
spray 喷洒（农药）
insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂
pest 害虫
rust 锈病
grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒
granary(grain store) 粮仓
mill 碾，磨
wheat 小麦
corn 玉米
rice 大米
barley 大麦
sorghum 高粱
oats燕麦
rye 黑麦
millet 粟，小米
vegetable 蔬菜
horticulture 园艺学
hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法
greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室
cabbage 洋白菜
lettuce 生菜
mustard 芥菜
spinach 菠菜
broccoli 花椰菜
cucumber 黄瓜
eggplant 茄子
pepper 辣椒
pumpkin 南瓜
tomato 西红柿
beet 甜菜
carrot 胡萝卜
radish 小红萝卜
pea 豌豆
soybean 大豆
celery 芹菜
garlic 大蒜
leek 韭菜
onion 洋葱头
potato 土豆
peanut 花生
sesame 芝麻
cotton 棉花
husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业
pasture 牧场
livestock 家畜
fowl (poultry) 家禽
cattle 牛，家畜
buffalo 野牛
dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛
dairy farm 乳牛场
hay （作饲料用）干草
haystack 干草堆
Strawberry 草莓
Blueberry 蓝莓
fodder (feed) 饲料


一、阅读理解
1
Scientists have worked for more than twenty years to develop what they call Green Super Rice. The “Green” in Green Super Rice means environmentally (有关环境方面) friendly. “Super” means the rice can grow well in bad soil conditions and keep away insects and diseases. Researchers say it will produce at least as much grain as other rice plants but with fewer inputs.
Modern rice plants produce two to three times more grain than what was possible before the 1960s. But they also require large amounts of water and chemical fertilizers. In the 1960s, scientists created crops that produced bigger harvests in what became known as the Green Revolution. It helped many people to get rid of hunger. But modern rice plants require too much water and too much use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂) that can hurt the environment. And farmers may be too poor to buy these things to grow modern rice plant.
The developers of Green Super Rice do not use genetic (基因的) engineering. In that way they avoid the high costs as well as the problems connected with getting permission to plant genetic crops.
Anna McClung leads a rice-breeding (培育) center for the United States Agriculture Department. She praises the researchers working on Green Super Rice. But she also says that combining many different genes into one plant without genetic engineering requires a lot of plant breeding.
The research is still going on. The researchers on the Green Super Rice project continue to help farmers produce more with less.
1. The scientists began on work on Green Super Rice ________.
A. in the late 19th century B. in the early 20th century
C. in the late 20th century D. in the early 21st century
2. The second paragraph tells us ________.
A. the beginning of modern rice B. the advantages and disadvantages of modern rice
C. the way of creating and growing modern rice D. modern rice and our everyday life
3. Genetic engineering isn’t used to develop Green Super Rice because ________.
A. doing so can reduce the costs B. it requires lots of water to do so
C. the technology isn’t perfect D. this kind of rice doesn’t need it
4. About the Green Super Rice, Anna McClung thinks ________ .
A. the researchers should use genetic engineering
B. different genes should be combined into more than one plant
C. we needn’t develop Green Super Rice
D. it is not easy to develop Green Super Rice
5. The main difference between modern rice and Green Super Rice is ________.
A. modern rice is better for the environment
B. Green Super Rice is better for the environment
C. modern rice is much more important than Green Super Rice
D. Green Super Rice doesn’t taste delicious
2
Technology and sustainability(可持续性) are two driving forces in the world today. For the agriculture department, sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend, and farmers should follow it.
The following sustainable agriculture technologies are necessary.
Smart irrigation
Crops need water—that’s needless to say. However, how they get water is another story.
With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology can report soil moisture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take care of crops in a more efficient way. For example, most crops have specific requirements for temperature and moisture. The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops’ growing environments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste of water.
Drones
Drones’ abilities get them a place on this list. They can do a lot and most importantly, they can make the boring and tiring farm work much easier.
These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.
Data and software
Data is rich in this tech-driven world. Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmers plant, harvest and water.
As computers gather information, they report it all back to a central system. So when farmers learn in which area crop health needs to improve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) more efficiently, causing less waste.
The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs, labor and energy. And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment. As these new technologies continue to develop, we are sure to have a cleaner environment.
Sustainable agricultural technology is the future—and it will change the game.
6. According to the passage, smart irrigation can ________.
A. make full use of every drop of rain
B. decide crops’ growing environment
C. help farmers water the crops when necessary
D. support the growth and harvest of crops efficiently
7. From “Drones” part, we can learn that ________.
A. drones can help provide water and fertilizer
B. drones help farm work in a more efficient way
C. farmers can fly in their drones to check on crops
D. farmers can record the details about their drones
8. What is the final goal of agricultural sustainability?
A. To help us have a better environment. B. To make farmers work more efficiently.
C. To raise the production of crops quickly. D. To reduce farmers’ boring and tiring work.
9. The passage is mainly to ________.
A. think highly of the agriculture department
B. make sustainable agriculture technologies better
C. change farmers’ misunderstanding of agriculture technologies
D. stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture
3
By the year 2050, it is estimated that the world’s population will reach nine billion. An interesting question: what happens when people in poorer countries raise their living standard and demand more meat in their diet? Imagine trying to feed nine billion people with enough meat. In short, it’s simply impossible.
Australian journalist and science writer, Julian Cribb, explains the challenges the world faces in feeding nine billion people by the year 2050. Cribb says there is a major problem in the current food system in the developed world, at least. As more and more people move towards city centers, the less and less they know about where their food comes from. Most think food simply grow on supermarket shelves, and they don’t consider the environmental effects of food production.
Food has many hidden cost: huge volumes of water, energy use and land degradation (退化) . Consumers add their own costs by simply throwing away a lot of food. The figures for food waste in West are staggering.
To solve this problem of public ignorance (无知) about food, Cribb suggests that food should be taught as a subject at primary school. This would help to create a future generation that could better deal with the world’s coming food challenges. This powerful measure can help to raise a generation of educated consumers, more productive farmers, and so on.
Cribb offers other solutions and suggestions as well. One is to increase the funding for agriculture science, which has been falling by the wayside in recent years. He suggested organic (有机的) farming should be understood on a scientific basis, changing people’s thinking to one of a new form of “environmental agriculture” to get the very best out of organic farming systems. He says we should stop wasting food and learn how to grow food more cheaply. We should use less water, as water is one of the main inputs into food production. Cribb also suggests eating more fruit and vegetables.
10. What is the meaning of the underlined word?
A. Confusing. B. Surprising C. Puzzling D. Pleasing.
11. According to Julian Cribb, what is the aim of making food a subject at school?
A. To educate students about the food problem.
B. To help students understand how to grow food.
C. To develop agricultural science.
D. To train more productive farmers.
12. Which of the following may the writer DISAGREE with?
A. The public should save food and save water.
B. Organic agriculture costs a lot of resources.
C. More money should be used for agricultural science.
D. People should eat less meat but more fruit and vegetables.
13. The text properly comes from ________.
A. a science magazine B. a story book
C. an advertisement D. a guidebook of travelling
4
It may sound like a cliche (老生常谈), but food is still the stuff of life. So when global food prices soar (大涨), people worry.
The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said on April 8 that world food prices hit an all-time high in March. Prices for vegetable oils, meats, sugar and dairy products could rise up to 22 percent.
According to the agency, the FAO’s food price index (指数) had already reported an all-time high in February, as the pandemic, poor weather and climate crisis damaged agriculture and threatened food security for millions of people.
The Ukraine crisis (乌克兰危机) has made the situation much worse. Both Russia and Ukraine have vast grain-growing regions. They are among the world’s main breadbaskets. The two countries together accounted for around 30 percent of global wheat exports. The conflict has also caused a rise in the cost of the other daily essentials and fuel.
“It is extremely worrisome,” said Rabah Arezki, former chief economist at the World Bank.
In 2022, there will be 44 million people in 38 countries at the “emergency” phase of food insecurity, just one step away from a declaration of famine. People in South Sudan, Yemen, and the northern parts of Ethiopia and Nigeria are at particular risk. Recent unrest (动荡) across the world highlights the risks. In Sri Lanka, protests have erupted over shortages of gas and other basic goods.
Global food insecurity may make many concerned: Does China have enough food for its population of 1.4 billion?
According to Wei Baigang, chief economist at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China relies mainly on domestic grain production and only 2 percent of the nation’s grain is imported. Global price increases have had little impact on China’s food prices. China’s food prices even dropped 1.5 percent year-on-year in March, in sharp contrast to the global food price rise of more than 30 percent.
In 2021, China saw a good grain harvest for the 18th year in a row, with total grain output exceeding (超过) 650 million tons for seven consecutive years.
The harvest ensured the country’s basic self-sufficiency (自给自足) in grain and its absolute grain security.
14. What aspects threaten world food security except ________?
A. the pandemic B. poor weather and climate crisis
C. the Ukraine crisis D. the growth of population
15. Why does the Ukraine crisis make food safety worse?
A. Because this war used up a lot of materials.
B. Because the two countries stopped exporting food.
C. Because both Russia and Ukraine accounted for around 30 percent of global wheat exports.
D. Because the war affects peace and people’s lives.
16. The main reason for China’s food price stability (稳定) is that ________.
A. China mainly depends on its own food production
B. China does not import food
C. China does not export food
D. good weather and climate has brought about a large good harvest
17. What does the paragraph talk about?
A. It talks about the food security of China.
B. It talks about the food security of the world.
C. It talks about the people’s worries about food.
D. It talks the impact of the Ukraine crisis on food security.
5
To feed the world’s growing population, global agriculture will need to produce more food in the next 50 years than in the past 10,000 years. However, as weather patterns continue to change because of the climate change, this task becomes more difficult. Luckily, Alphabet, the parent company of Google, is working on a farming project called Mineral to help solve the problem.
The team spent several years talking with farmers to see what problems they were having and how these problems might be fixed. This led to the invention of “Plant Buggy”, a special kind of robot that collects information about crops in detail.
At first, the Buggies were very simple. They were built on bicycles and took photos with phones. Over the years, they’ve been greatly improved. Now, they move on four big wheels that are high enough to run over rows of plants. The wheels are also strong, allowing them to move through muddy (泥泞的) fields. The robots are covered in solar panels (太阳能板) to save energy. They can take pictures of each plant, remember each plant’s location and measure its size. Studying the plant one by one can save time and money for farmers. For example, if Plant Buggies tell which plants have diseases, farmers can quickly clear them before they ruin other crops.
From strawberry fields in California to soybean fields in Illinois, Plant Buggies are learning about crops from sprout (发芽) to harvest, so scientists can find new ways to help understand how plants grow and interact with their environment.
18. What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A. Mineral’s team invented “Plant Buggy”.
B. Plant Buggy is used to solve climate problem.
C. Alphabet helps farms collect crop information.
D. More food is needed as the world agriculture develops.
19. What does the third passage mainly talk about?
A. The changes of the Buggies. B. The wheels of the Buggies.
C. The structures of the Buggies. D. The covers of the Buggies.
20. How does the Buggies help farmer?
①By ruining other good plants.        ②By studying plants one by one.
③By growing and harvesting crops.     ④By helping farmers find the sick plants.
⑤By learning about crops all through their life.
A. ①②③ B. ②③⑤ C. ②④⑤ D. ①②④
21. Which of the following may the writer agree?
A. The Buggies still have a lot of disadvantages.
B. The Buggies can never change their appearance.
C. The Buggies make contribution to studying crops.
D. The Buggies can only study some kinds of plants.
6
A box of strawberries are bad in front of you. Without doubt, you throw it away. But it’s more than just strawberries that you are wasting.
The life of a strawberry starts from a seed. A farmer plants it and waters it. Later, people pick it and pack it in a box. A truck takes it far to a supermarket. Water, labor, fuel and money must all be spent in order for a strawberry to come to you. If you waste it, you waste all of these things.
It’s hard for people to realize how much work goes into the food we eat every day. That makes food waste a big problem around the world. Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted around the world. That’s one third of the total amount of food we have. In China alone, people waste 35 million tons of food each year, according to CCTV.
As we throw food away, there are still 820 million people starving around the world. Many children go to sleep but still feel hungry, and 3.1 million of them die of hunger each year. The COVID-19 has made the situation even worse. With many countries no longer transporting food to other countries during this time, over 10,000 children are dying of hunger each month.
“Wasting food means wasting natural resources and missing the opportunity to feed a growing population in the future,” said UN Food and Agriculture Organization Director General Qu Dongyu. It’s time to take action now.
22. What are needed to make a strawberry come to you?
A. Water and sand. B. Labor and salt. C. Fuel and sugar. D. Water and money.
23. How many tons of food would be wasted every year around the world?
A. 1.3 billion. B. 3.1 million. C. 35 million. D. 820 million.
24. What does the underlined word “starving” mean in Chinese?
A. 挨饿 B. 奋斗 C. 失眠 D. 挣扎
25. Which is the proper structure of this text?
（①＝Paragraph 1　②＝Paragraph 2　③＝Paragraph 3④＝Paragraph 4　⑤＝Paragraph 5）
A. B. C. D.
26. What is the text mainly about?
A. Ways of growing strawberries.
B. The food wasting problem in the world.
C. How to make delicious food for family.
D. Different kinds of food in the world.
7
Modern organic（有机的）farming was developed as a response to the environmental harm caused by the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers（化肥）in conventional agriculture, and it has plenty of ecological benefits（生态效益）. In other words, the idea behind organic farming is to use no chemicals. Farmers must use natural methods to make plants grow strong and protect them from insects. It is believed that without chemicals, these plants will make better food for humans. But the idea is bigger than that. Organic farming respects all plants and animals in the environment. This kind of farming should improve nature’s health.
Fertilizers are chemicals that give plants strength. If a farmer grows the same plant over and over in the same place, the soil will lose its ability to feed the plant. The farmer must add fertilize to help the soil. Organic farmers do not add fertilizer. They will rotate crops（轮作谷物）or use animal manure and plant compost（堆肥）to make the soil rich again. Compost is made from plant material that has broken down into soil. It has all the food a plant needs to grow.
Pesticides are also avoided. These are chemicals that kill pests like bad insects or animals. Organic farmers have other ways to deal with pests because pesticides kill good animals and insects that protect the plants. Foxes and snakes eat the mice. Some insects like ladybirds eat the bad insects. And of course, there are weeds（杂草）. These are the plants that farmers do not want because they steal growing space from the good plants. To stop weeds, organic farmers can scrape（刮除）the soil several times. Eventually, the weeds will die.
Organic farming usually needs a lot of human labour to do the job of chemicals. This is one reason that organic food costs more. But when we think about the health of the earth, its plants, and its animals, perhaps it is worth it. In the end, a healthy planet means that we will be healthy as well.
27. From the passage we know that organic food may be ________ than inorganic food.
A. tastier B. cheaper C. more expensive D. more beautiful
28. The meaning of the underlined word “pesticides” in Paragraph l is ________.
A. a chemical used to kill insects
B. something to make soil rich again
C. the waste matter from animals
D. some materials to make plants grow
29. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Organic farming can make us and our earth healthy.
B. Plants with chemicals make better food for humans.
C. Soil needs all kinds of fertilizers to keep plants growing.
D. It’s wise to grow the same plant again in the same place.
二、完形填空
Do you know anything about World Food Day?
World Food Day is on October 16. Every year on this day, governments around the world have ___30___ that mainly focus on agriculture (农业) and the development of food production. And World Food Day is set up to call on people all over the world to ___31___ food.
In recent years, people live a wealthy and ___32___ life. Many young people don’t realize how ___33___ the food is and how hard the farmers have to work to make it. They think less about food, sometimes the waste of food can be seen here and there, even in schools. ___34___ all of my friends care about food. We often ___35___ our own ways of saving food with each other.
As I see it, saving food is not a ___36___ thing to do at all. In the school dining hall, we should ___37___ order more food than we need. When we eat out in restaurants, we should ___38___ the food that we couldn’t eat up.
As a student, we should treat every single day as World Food Day. Form a good ___39___ of saving food, and we will have a wonderful world.
30. A. meetings B. classes C. exams D. matches
31. A. pick B. treat C. save D. waste
32. A. busy B. happy C. famous D. simple
33. A. healthy B. expensive C. delicious D. valuable
34. A. And B. But C. Or D. So
35. A. work B. play C. take D. share
36. A. fair B. right C. hard D. good
37. A. ever B. never C. seldom D. always
38. A. give away B. move away C. take away D. throw away
39. A. habit B. idea C. record D. secret
三、短文提示填空
It was the winter of 2017. A h___40___ snowstorm hit the United States. Farms across the country suffered badly. However, Robert Colangelo stood calmly b___41___ his “form”. He was not worried about the terrible w___42___ at all.
This is Green Sense Farm. It is one of the largest indoor farms in the United States. Colangelo has s___43___ five years setting it up and perfecting it in his Michigan warehouse(仓库). Unlike those on t___44___ farms, vegetables here sit on eight-meter-high shelves. They are bathed (沐浴)in special blue and red lights. According to Colangelo, these vegetables can be harvested (丰收)as often as twice a week. “It’s no matter whether it is r___45___ or snowy. We can grow lots of vegetables here!” he said.
Indoor farming is a new idea, but many scientists think this might just be the future of agriculture(农业). According to the United Nations, the global(全球的) population will have grown by 2. 4 billion by the middle of this century. In addition, droughts(干旱) and floods(洪水) are likely to happen more often. It will be d___46___ to feed everyone. So we can grow food indoors to s___47___ the problem.
Apart from(除了) Colangelo, many other scientists have been trying to grow vegetables indoors. In New Jersey, an agriculture professor(教授) has c___48___ an old factory into a large form. It can produce two million pounds of vegetables every year. Under special lights, plants grow faster while using less energy. As a result, indoor farms usually use much less water than before.
At Green Sense, Colangelo is still trying to i___49___ his farm. He is working with a Chinese lab to find seeds (种子)that grow fastest under blue and red lights. “They’ll be like super-seeds, ”Colangelo said. That’s the way to feed the growing population.
四、书面表达
50.学农是中学生的社会实践课程之一。假如你是李华，你校将在北京农学院 (Beijing University of Agriculture)开展学农(farming experience)课程，请通知你校的美国交换生Peter 参加，一起感受劳动的快乐。请你用英语写一封邮件，告诉 Peter 你们学农的时间、地点和活动内容，以及他需要做哪些准备。
提示词语： next week, cook, plant, camera, clothes
提示问题： ● When and where are you going to take a farming experience course?
●What are you going to do there?
●What do you advise Peter to prepare?
Dear Peter,
How is it going?
I’m writing to tell you something about the farming experience course.  
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案
一、阅读理解
1
【答案】1. C    2. B    3. A    4. D    5. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“绿色超级水稻”的研究和种植情况。这种水稻虽然产量高，但同时会受很多因素制约。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Scientists have worked for more than twenty years to develop what they call Green Super Rice.”可知，科学家研究“绿色超级水稻”有20多年的时间了，也就是说他们是从2000年前开始的，即20世纪末期。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“But modern rice plants require too much water and too much use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂) that can hurt the environment.”可知，现代水稻虽然产量高，但在种植过程中需要大量水、化肥和杀虫剂，也就是说现代水稻有利也有弊。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“In that way they avoid the high costs as well as the problems connected with getting permission to plant genetic crops.”可知，研究人员不使用基因工程是为了避免费用过高等一系列问题。故选A。
4. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But she also says that combining many different genes into one plant without genetic engineering requires a lot of plant breeding.”可知，没有基因工程，要将许多不同的基因组合到一种植物中需要大量植物育种。由此推知种植“绿色超级水稻”很不容易。故选D。
5. 推理判断题。通过对第二、三、四段的综合理解可知，现代水稻需要大量的化肥和杀虫剂，“绿色超级水稻”则完全是植物自主生长，也就是说“绿色超级水稻”对环境更有利。故选B。
2
【答案】6. C    7. B    8. A    9. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种必要的可持续农业技术。
6. 推理判断题。根据“With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology can report soil moisture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take care of crops in a more efficient way.”可知，有了智能灌溉技术，水可以得到很好的利用。具有智能技术的新型灌溉系统可以实时报告土壤湿度和温度。这些新技术帮助农民以更有效的方式妥善照料作物。所以可以必要时帮助农民给庄稼浇水，故选C。
7. 推理判断题。根据“These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.”可知，这些设备有高清摄像头，可以拍照和视频。通过无线控制，农民在家里就可以让无人机飞越农田，查看农作物。如果某一地区的农作物长得不好，农民们可以迅速记录下细节，然后在无人机的帮助下喷洒化学品。所以“无人机以更有效的方式帮助农活”表述正确，故选B。
8. 细节理解题。根据“And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment.”可知，农业可持续发展的最终目标是改善环境，故选A。
9. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了几种必要的可持续农业技术，是为了强调可持续农业技术的重要性，故选D。
3
【答案】10. B    11. A    12. B    13. A
【解析】本文主要讲述了食品问题及相应的解决方法。
10. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Consumers add their own costs by simply throwing away a lot of food.” 消费者只需扔掉大量食物，就会增加自己的成本。可知下文应该是“说西方的食物浪费数字令人震惊。”划线单词staggering的意思是“令人惊讶的”，故选B。
11. 细节理解题。根据文中“To solve this problem of public ignorance (无知) about food, Cribb suggests that food should be taught as a subject at primary school. This would help to create a future generation that could better deal with the world’s coming food challenges. This powerful measure can help to raise a generation of educated consumers, more productive farmers, and so on.”可知，Cribb让食物成为学校的一门课程的目的是为了教育学生有关食物问题。故选A。
12. 推理判断题。根据文中“One is to increase the funding for agriculture science, which has been falling by the wayside in recent years. He suggested organic (有机的) farming should be understood on a scientific basis, changing people’s thinking to one of a new form of  “environmental agriculture” to get the very best out of organic farming systems…. Cribb also suggests eating more fruit and vegetables.”可知，作者建议：公众应该节约食物和水；应该把更多的钱用于农业科学；人们应该少吃肉类，多吃水果和蔬菜。文中没有提到选项B，故选B。
13. 推理判断题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了食品问题及相应的解决策略。这篇文章可能来自科技杂志方面。故选A。
4
【答案】14. D    15. C    16. A    17. C
【解析】本文主要讲了人们对于食物的担忧。
14. 细节理解题。根据“According to the agency, the FAO’s food price index had already reported an all-time high in February, as the pandemic, poor weather and climate crisis damaged agriculture and threatened food security for millions of people.”及“The Ukraine crisis has made the situation much worse.”可知威胁世界粮食安全的因素有疫情、恶劣的天气和气候危机、乌克兰危机，没有“人口的增长”这个因素。故选D。
15. 细节理解题。根据“The two countries together accounted for around 30 percent of global wheat exports.”可知乌克兰危机让食品安全变得更糟是因为俄罗斯和乌克兰合计占全球小麦出口的30%左右。故选C。
16. 细节理解题。根据“According to Wei Baigang, chief economist at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China relies mainly on domestic grain production and only 2 percent of the nation’s grain is imported. Global price increases have had little impact on China’s food prices.”可知中国粮食价格稳定的主要原因是中国主要依靠自己的粮食生产。故选A。
17. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了人们对于食物的担忧。故选C。
5
【答案】18. A    19. A    20. C    21. C
【解析】本文介绍了人口增长带来的事物需求，Alphabet开发了一个农业项目去解决这个问题。
18. 细节理解题。根据“Luckily, Alphabet, the parent company of Google, is working on a farming project called Mineral to help solve the problem.”和“The team spent several years talking with farmers to see what problems they were having and how these problems might be fixed. This led to the invention of ‘Plant Buggy’,”可知Alphabet公司有个叫Mineral的农业项目，这个团队发明了Plant Buggy。故选A。
19. 主旨大意题。根据“At first, the Buggies were very simple. They were built on bicycles and took photos with phones. Over the years, they’ve been greatly improved.”可知最开始Buggies 很简单，然后这些年有了很大的改变，本段介绍了Buggies的改变。故选A。
20. 细节理解题。根据“They can take pictures of each plant, remember each plant’s location and measure its size. Studying the plant one by one can save time and money for farmers. For example, if Plant Buggies tell which plants have diseases, farmers can quickly clear them before they ruin other crops.”可知Buggies能够给每一株植物拍照，记住每一株植物的位置并测量它的大小，逐个研究植物可以为农民节省时间和金钱，帮助农民找到生病植物。根据“ Plant Buggies are learning about crops from sprout (发芽) to harvest”可知Buggies能够研究作物从发芽到收获的全过程。故选C。
21. 推理判断题。根据“Plant Buggies are learning about crops from sprout (发芽) to harvest, so scientists can find new ways to help understand how plants grow and interact with their environment.”可知Buggies研究作物从发芽到收获的过程，这样科学家就可以找到新的方法来帮助了解植物是如何生长的，以及如何与环境相互作用。因此可推测Buggies对研究作物贡献很大。故选C。
6
【答案】22. D    23. A    24. A    25. C    26. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现如今的食物浪费非常严重，并号召我们要减少食物浪费。
22. 细节理解题。根据文中“Water, labor, fuel and money must all be spent in order for a strawberry to come to you.”可知，需要水和钱来让草莓来到你的面前。故选D。
23. 细节理解题。根据文中“Every year, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted around the world.”可知，全世界每年会浪费13亿吨食物。故选A。
24. 词句猜测题。根据前句“As we throw food away,” 由当我们扔掉食物时，可猜测出，后句应是：全球仍有8.2亿人在挨饿，故下划线单词“starving”的意思应是“挨饿”。故选A。
25. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出了扔掉的草莓浪费了什么；第二段讲述了一盒草莓运到我们手中需要的各种成本；第三段和第四段是并列关系，介绍了现如今的食物浪费情况以及还有许多人在挨饿的情况；最后一段号召我们要减少食物浪费。故文章的篇章结构应是如C图所示。故选C。
26. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据文中“That makes food waste a big problem around the world.”可知，这篇课文主要介绍了世界上的食物浪费问题。故选B。
7
【答案】27. C    28. A    29. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了现代有机农业以及它的好处。
27. 推理判断题。根据“Organic farming usually needs a lot of human labour to do the job of chemicals. This is one reason that organic food costs more.”可知，有机农业通常需要大量人力，这是有机食品价格更高的一个原因，所以有机食品比无机食品更贵一些。故选C。
28. 词句猜测题。根据“Modern organic（有机的）farming was developed as a response to the environmental harm caused by the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers（化肥）in conventional agriculture”可知，pesticides应该是对环境有害的东西，结合“Farmers must use natural methods to make plants grow strong and protect them from insects.”可知，pesticides表示“杀虫剂”，故选A。
29. 细节理解题。根据“But when we think about the health of the earth, its plants, and its animals, perhaps it is worth it. In the end, a healthy planet means that we will be healthy as well.”可知，有机农业可以使我们和我们的地球健康。故选A。
二、完形填空
【答案】
30. A    31. C    32. B    33. D    34. B    35. D    36. C    37. B    38. C    39. A
【分析】文章介绍了世界粮食日及建议我们节省粮食。
30. 句意：每年的这一天，世界各国政府都会召开会议，主要讨论农业和粮食生产的发展。  
meetings会议；classes课；exams考试；matches比赛。根据后面“mainly focus on agriculture（农业）and the development of food production”可知，应该是全世界的政府都开关于重点发展农业和粮食生产的会议。故选A。
31. 句意：世界粮食日的设立是为了号召全世界的人们节约粮食。
pick捡；treat款待；save节省；waste浪费。根据“And World Food Day is set up to call on people all over the world to…food.”此处是世界粮食日设立的目的，应该是为了号召全世界人民节约粮食。故选C。
32. 句意：近年来，人们过着富裕幸福的生活。
busy忙碌的；happy开心的；famous著名的；simple简单的。根据“In recent years, people live a wealthy and…life.”及常识，可知近年来，人们过着富裕幸福的生活。故选B。
33. 句意：许多年轻人不知道食物有多值钱，农民们要想得到食物，必须付出多大的努力。
healthy健康的；expensive贵的；delicious美味的；valuable有价值的。根据上句近年来，人们过着富裕幸福的生活。可知年轻人没有意识到粮食多么地珍贵。故选D。
34. 句意：但是我所有的朋友都关心食物。
And和；But但是；Or或者；So因此。根据上句“They think less about food, sometimes the waste of food can be seen here and there, even in schools.”他们很少考虑食物，有时食物的浪费随处可见，甚至在学校也是如此。可知，这句话谈到了浪费现象，此处应该表示转折，但是我所有的朋友关心食物。故选B。
35. 句意：我们经常互相分享自己节约食物的方法。
work工作；play玩；take拿；share分享。根据上句我所有的朋友都关心食物，此处应该是分享节约食物方法。故选D。
36. 句意：在我看来，节省食物一点也不难。
fair公平的；right正确的；hard难的；good好的。根据“In the school dining hall,…order more food than we need. When we eat out in restaurants, …that we couldn’t eat up.”可知，节约食物并不难。故选C。
37. 句意：在学校食堂里，我们不应该点超过我们需要的食物。
ever曾经；never从不；seldom很少；always总是。上文说节省食物一点也不难，此处介绍如何节省食物，所以应该是从不多点食物。故选B。
38. 句意：当我们在餐馆吃饭时，我们应该把吃不完的食物带走。
give away送走；move away搬走；take away带走；throw away扔掉。根据“When we eat out in restaurants, we should…the food that we couldn’t eat up.”可知，应该带走吃不完的食物。故选C。
39. 句意：养成节约食物的好习惯，我们就会有一个美好的世界。
habit习惯；idea主意；record记录；secret秘密。根据上文描述可知养成节约食物的好习惯，我们就会有一个美好的世界。故选A。
三、短文提示填空
【答案】
40. heavy    41. beside/by    42. weather    43. spent    44. traditional    45. rainy    46. difficult    47. solve    48. changed    49. improve
【解析】本文介绍了一种可以在室内种植的新型农场，详细介绍了它的好处。
40. 句意：一场猛烈的暴风雪袭击了美国。根据“Farms across the country suffered badly”及首字母，可知，这是一场猛烈的暴风雪，heavy“猛烈的”，形容词作定语，故填heavy。
41. 句意：然而，Robert Colangelo冷静地站在“农场”旁边。根据“his “farm”可知，此处应填一个地点介词，结合首字母b，可填beside或by，表示“在旁边”，故填beside/by。
42. 句意：他根本不担心这糟糕的天气。根据“A heavy snowstorm hit the United States”及首字母可知，暴风雪这种天气很糟糕，weather“天气”，故填weather。
43. 句意：Colangelo花了5年时间在他密歇根的仓库里组装和完善它。根据“five years setting it up”及首字母，可知，此处考查sb spends+时间+doing sth的用法，表示“花费时间做某事”，助动词has与过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故填spent。
44. 句意：与传统农场不同，这里的蔬菜摆放在八米高的架子上。此空缺少形容词修饰名词farms，结合首字母t，此处是将他这种农场与其他传统农场相比较，traditional“传统的”，故填traditional。
45. 句意：无论是下雨还是下雪。根据“snowy”可知，此空应填一个跟天气有关的形容词，结合首字母r，此空应填rainy“下雨的”，故填rainy。
46. 句意：要养活每个人是很困难的。be后接形容词作表语，根据“ In addition, droughts(干旱) and floods(洪水) are likely to happen more often”可知，受这些客观因素影响，农业产量低，很难养活每个人，difficult“困难的”，故填difficult。
47. 句意：所以我们可以在室内种植粮食来解决这个问题。根据“the problem”及首字母，可知，室内农场可以解决以上提出的问题，solve“解决”，动词不定式to后接动词原形，故填solve。
48. 句意：在新泽西州，一位农业教授把一个旧工厂改造成了一个大型工厂。根据“an old factory into a large form”及首字母，可知，此处考查change…into的用法，表示“把……变成”是将就工厂改造成一个大型工厂，助动词has与过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故填changed。
49. 句意：在Green Sense，Colangelo仍在努力改善他的农场。根据“He is working with a Chinese lab to find seeds (种子)that grow fastest under blue and red lights”及首字母，可知，他也在尝试改变农场的方法，improve“改变，提升”，try to do sth“努力做某事”，故填improve。
四、书面表达
【答案】
Dear Peter,
How is it going?
I am writing to tell you something about the farming experience course. We are going to Beijing University of Agriculture next week to take a farming experience course. We are leaving this Sunday and coming back next Friday.
During next week, we will learn to cook a couple of Chinese dishes and it will be fun to cook together. You can learn and cook some Chinese dishes for your family when you go back to America. Then some teachers from the university will teach us how to plant flowers. Also, there will be lessons about how to make Chinese tea. How interesting!
It will be a little cold next week, so you’d better take some warm clothes. And don’t forget to take your camera so that you can share your memories with your friends.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.    
Yours,
Li Hua