专题02冠词-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版＋教师版）

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专题02冠词《考点•题型 •技巧》  冠词是历年高考的必考点，常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套试题来看，在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。尤其在书面表达中，冠词的正确使用能为文章增色，而冠词的误用甚至少用是常见的低级错误，成为考生的一大失分点。故不论高考的考查形式如何变化，冠词仍应是高考复习的重点和难点。 复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：1.单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；2.复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；3.无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。   考点01　不定冠词1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。6.表示单位时间内的频度，含有＂每＂的概念。7.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费……；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常。考点02　定冠词1.用在名词前表示特指。2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。6.用在表示计量的名词前，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。考点03　零冠词1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。4.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。考点04 冠词的位置 1. 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： e.当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。2.定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。学习冠词的难点一、在特殊情况下混用a和an关于a和an的一般区别，同学们可能比较清楚，也不易搞错，但是对于数字和字母前用该用不定冠词a还是an，则是许多考生可能忽略的问题。如：二、＂星期＂名词前冠词的使用问题表示＂星期＂的名词(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不与冠词连用，但有时为了表示＂特指＂可以带定冠词;若表示不确定的＂某一个＂，其前可用不定冠词。如：三、＂三餐饭＂前冠词的使用问题一般说来，表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠词。但是，若要特指某一顿早餐、中餐或晚餐，则可在其前加定冠词。另外，若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描绘性定语的修饰，则其前通常要用不定冠词。四、冠词的非前位用法限定语与所修饰的中心名词的关系一般顺序是：冠词+表示大小尺寸的限定词+表示颜色的限定词+表示原材料的限定词+中心名词。但在某些固定结构中，冠词放在了形容词之后。不定冠词的用法口诀泛指单数和首提，某个/每个/又一个；物质名词具体化，相同还是抽象词；三餐四季有修饰，感叹句中有名单。定冠词的用法口诀：特指双知上文提，独一无二普遍专；方位顺序最高级；赛项乐器影剧院；姓氏复数一家人，形容词前可数单；群岛河山江湖海，沙漠海峡和海湾。阶级党派国全名，组织团体与机关。连续应用比较级，朝代年代按天算。【题型分析】1.Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.  2.For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. 3.Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. 4.As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. 5.During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.  6.Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 1.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with   64   rise of science，changes began. 2.Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. 3.Of ___69___  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.4.The plum trees are   70   first to flower even as the snow is melting (融 化).                                     5.Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.6.As    65    result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.7.But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term   resting (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as   62   model in New York.Ⅰ、单项选择1._____prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填      B. A ; 不填     C. A ; the      D. The ; a2.       more learned a man is,        more modest be usually become.A. The ; the    B.  A; a   C. The ; a  D. A; the 3. Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write         children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in           way.A. a;不填    B. the;the C. 不填;the D. a;the4. They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team, because they knew he was ________ smart leader.A. a; the          B. the; the           C. the; a            D. a; a 5. Life is like ________ ocean: only ________ strong­willed can reach the other shore.A. an; the        B. the; a             C. the ；/          D. / ; a6. The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days ________ week，often long into ________ night.A．a; the       B．the; 不填         C．a; a            D．不填; the7. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.
A. 不填；a    B. a; the        C. the; a       D. the; 不填8. Four and    half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and    break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.A. a; a            B. the; the         C.不填；the          D. a;不填9. India attained          independence in 1947, after           long struggle.A.不填;aB. the; a   C. an;不填     D. an; the10.It is generally accepted that        boy must learn to stand up and fight like       man.A.a; a           B.a; the           C.the; the       D.a; 不填11.If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.A. 不填； the      B. 不填；a       C. the; a       D. the；the12First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _____ second chance to make _____ first impression.A. a; the         B. the; the     C. a; a            D. the; aⅡ、语法填空13.Due to ______ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: 14.The plum trees are ______ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.15.Then, with ______  rise of science, changes began.16.A child born in the US today has ______ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.17.Of ______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.18.Like many things in life, it's ______ ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, which means you'll just keep getting better and better.19.It went on to say that almost half of all museums reported ______ annual increase in visitor numbers.20.Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business —said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for ______ award.21.Whenever there is a sandstorm, it forms ______ upward air flow between the surrounding sand mountains.22.Now as ______Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China that can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.  It is also important to note that the greatest amazement (amaze) of the journey is Chang'e 5's lunar landing site-referred to as the Ocean of Storms-on the near side of the moon, where no probes (探测器) have paid ______ visit before.24.China’s writing system forms ______ strong bridge linking the Chinese people and culture of the present with those of the past.  Gan’s company has been______ great success and Gan has received lots of awards for her achievement25.Many of us are turning to activities like skipping with ______ old rope, or watching one of the many ‘times experts’ who produce exercise videos online.26.Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty; by the Song Dynasty it had acquired a loose-leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made its consumption ______ art form.27.They found that the benefits of jogging are maximized when done at ______ average or even slow pace, and just one or two hours of jogging a week can be enough for you to gain success, regardless of your age or health condition.28.Nobu Okada, CEO of Astroscale, ______ company working on ways to clean up space junk, says “even a small paint fleck has enough power to blow up other satellites.Ⅲ、完形填空There once was a king who offered __1__ prize to __2__artist who would paint __3__ best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all __4__ pictures. But there were only two he really liked，and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was __5__ perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains，too. But these were rugged (崎岖的) and bare. Above was __6__angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down __7__side of the mountain tumbled (翻腾) a foaming (水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely, he saw behind __8__ waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack (裂缝) in the rock. In the bush __9__ mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water，sat the mother bird on her nest—in perfect peace.The king chose __10__second picture.