专题03 代词-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料（学生版＋教师版）

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专题03 代词《考点•题型 •技巧》  代词在近年高考试题中出现频率非常高。代词的考查集中在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查代词的主格，宾格，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词和反身代词。 1. 掌握冠词的基本用法；2. 掌握冠词的习惯用法；3. 掌握冠词的活用；4. 多做练习，提高熟悉语境的能力◆代词的考查要点代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。考点01人称代词人称代词形式数、格人称单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyour 第三人称hehim they themsheheritit1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。考点02物主代词物主代词形式意义类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishers oursyourstheirs1. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。2.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”可单独充当句子的主语，表语和宾语。考点03反身代词反身代词形式            人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。考点04 相互代词(each other，one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s，one another’s，作定语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。考点05指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。1.明确指代在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑： （1）代词指代的对象是人还是物，与上文出现的人或物是同一个还是同一类；  （2）代词指代的对象是可数名词还是不可数名词； （3）代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念。  2.理清逻辑需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:  （1）代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；  （2） 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。【题型分析】1.In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _________ in the UK. A. that                  B. this             C. one                   D. it2. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _______ this morning. A. it　　　　　　　　 B. those     C. one             D. that 3. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _______.  A. one          B. it              C. this        D. that 4. The meeting will be held in September, but ______ knows the date for sure. A. everybody       B. nobody    C. anybody       D. somebody5. Niki is always full of ideas, but ______ is useful to my knowledge.  A. nothing   B. no one   C. neither   D. none1. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and  another animals. 2.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42.  (they) living at a different time in history or 43. (walk)through a rainforest.  3.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy. 4.Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.  ＂Not that way，＂ my mom tried to stop us but failed.  She was right.  It didn’t tum out as I had wished. 5.But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. 6.As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.7.Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.  8.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.   1.Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69.  ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70.  (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2.The mother continued to care for the young panda   (for)   more than two years. By that time,  the panda no longer needed   48  (it) mother for food.3.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 　　(it) mother.4.Many westerners __57____come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realized how cheap ___58___can be to eat out.5.Many westerners   57 （who/that）   come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap   58   can be to eat out.6.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 　67　every day.Ⅰ、单项选择1. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ______ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.A. the one that             B. one thatC. one              D. the one2．The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from _______ made by Japanese students in English study.A.it      B.that     C.ones     D.those3．—_________that students are interested in should be encouraged.  —_________. Sometimes we should make it clear what is not allowed.  A.Anything; I can’t agree more      B.Nothing; That’s for sure  C.Not all; I can’t agree       D.Not everything; Exactly4．Before _______ stood a terrible man; the little girl could do nothing _______.  A.she;but cry         B.her;but cry  C.she;but to cry         D.her;but crying5．The yield of the new rice is much greater than       of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.A.one    B. that    C. it    D. whatⅡ、语法填空For those 　1　have seen War for the Planet of the Apes, it’s easy to come to this conclusion---the movie isn’t about war or the planet, and it’s not 　2　(necessary) even about the apes. The movie is about 　3　(survive) and the choices we all make when one wants to survive, good or bad.With a story that should have been full of conflict and violence, it takes a different approach. You may find 　4　(you) exposed to small pockets of action. While recent sci-fi movies have become 　5　(know) for their action and scenes, War for the Planet of the Apes has taken science fiction 　6　a thoughtful and intelligent direction.War for the Planet of the Apes may not be the action and monster film that you had in mind, 　7　it’s the kind of film that will make you want to sit in silence in the theater for a few minutes after it ends, taking in 　8　you’ve just witnessed.The few movies that have that effect 　9　(be) usually about humans, but this film enables people 　10　(feel) that way about apes. And that is what makes it a masterpiece. Ⅲ、短文改错1.I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually. 2.We should be grateful to them in return for which they have done for us. 3.The father and his son all shook my hand and thanked me again and again. 4.People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with their attention focused on the mobile phones, quite unaware of that is going on around them. 5.I miss you very much and thus I’m writing to tell you anything about my new life at college. 6.From that I understand， people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day. 7.My uncle gave my cousins and me some wine and said,“Now enjoy yourself, but don’t get drunk! ” 8.Buses should have its own special lanes to facilitate public transport. 9.John is a taxi driver in London. Last week her mother gave him two tickets for a play. 10.Sometimes it is necessary to read a book more than once in order to absorb it’s full benefit.11.We Chinese people call us descendants of the dragon, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough to succeed. 12.A man was selling fresh fish and a lot of buyers were crowding around him choosing what he wanted. 13.He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town. 14.Last month,I gave some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didn’t have money to buy her new clothes.