2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全专题07 介词

这是一份2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全专题07 介词，共26页。
专题07 介词
2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全


【考点详解】
【命题解读】
通过研究历年高考真题不难看出，介词是高考中的必考点。介词在高考中主要体现在语法填空和短文改错中。语法填空中对代词的考查以无提示词形式呈现，短文改错中考查介词的误用或多/少词。对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上，最常见的是对介词短语的考查及固定搭配。

【命题预测】
预计2023年高考对介词的考查会更加灵活，以语法填空、短文改错兼顾完形填空的语篇辨析。侧重介词的基本含义和介词短语在语境中的释义。

【复习建议】
1.掌握方位、时间、工具、手段、方式、原因等介词的基本用法
2.掌握固定搭配
3注重分析语境中介词的词义和.固定搭配的积累。














【思维导图】






考点一 （介词的用法）
一、介词的句法功能：介词不能独立在句中充当成分，通常与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当语法成分。
1．作定语
It was all because he happened to be the tallest boy in the last row.
这一切都因为他碰巧是坐在最后一排最高的一个孩子。
2．作状语
介词短语经常用来作状语，表示时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、让步等。
Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.
也要想象闭着眼睛度过余生会是什么样子。
3．作表语
He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.
他没有东西吃，也没有水喝，而且疼得厉害。
4．作补足语
I found her in low spirits when we met again.
我们再次见面时，我发现她情绪很低落。


【典例剖析】

(2022全国高考甲卷，64） It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ______ the late 1980s.
【答案】until
【解析】考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。结合句意并分析句子结构可知，此句含有not...until...结构，意为“直到......才”。故填until。

二、 高考常考介词用法与辨析

表示时间的in，on，at
in表示一段时间内或一段时间之后；on总是与具体日子有关；at表示片刻的时间
表示时间的since，from，through
since指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；from指从时间的某一点开始；through“整个……”(表时间)
表示时间的in，after
in与一般将来时连用指在一段时间之后；after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间之后
表示地理位置的in，on，to

in表示在某范围内；on指与某地毗邻，接壤；to指在某范围之外
表示“在……上”的on，in
on只表示在某物的接触表面上；in表示占去某物一部分，即在某物之内
表示“穿过”的through，across，over
through表示从内部通过，与in有关；across表示在表面上通过，与on有关；over表示在其正上方越过，并且有表示时间的用法，意为“在……期间”
表示“关于”的about，on
about指涉及；on指专门论述，比较正式
between与among的区别
between表示在两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上的之间
besides, except，except for, but for的区别
besides指“除了……还有，还有”，其宾语包括在内；except指“除了”，其宾语不包括在内；except for强调整体中的细节，意思是“只是”，前后的事物不属于同类；but for意思是“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中
表示“用”的with，in
with表示具体的工具；in表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等
as与like的区别
as意为“作为……，以……地位或身份”；like意为“像……一样”
in与into的区别
in通常表示位置(静态)；into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置



【典例剖析】

(2022全国乙卷改错）In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
【答案】在a lot后面加from
【解析】考查介词的基本用法。from表示“从……中”，句意“在我看来，学生们可以从做家务中收益很多”。
①My mother had longed to play music since childhood, but his family was poor and couldn't afford lessons.
母亲从小渴望演奏音乐，但是他家很穷，承担不起上课的费用。
②Can we talk about this over dinner?
我们吃饭时能谈谈这个吗？
③Her parents always talk to her in German.
她父母总是用德语与她交谈。
三、高考常考介词的其它用法
(1)介词at可表示动作、感情的原因，意思是“因……而；一听到(看到/想到)……就……”。
①At the boy's remark, the bookseller looked at him curiously.
听到男孩的那句话，卖书人好奇地看着他。
(2)“on＋名词或动名词”结构可表示“一……就……”。
②On his arrival he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in uniform behind it.
他一到达就径直往柜台走去，并与柜台后边穿制服的店员说话。
(3)to与情感名词连用，表示“令某人……的是”。如：to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret等。
(4)with的用法
a．表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。
③With time passing, they have grown into big boys.
随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子了。
b．指原因或理由。
④The small child trembled with fear.
那小孩吓得哆嗦。
(5)by的用法
a．含有“到……的程度”的意思。
⑤This one is shorter than that one by three inches.
这一个比那一个短三英寸。
b．表示买卖东西所用以计算的数或量或付酬所用以计算的时间。
⑥Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.
牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论磅卖，鸡蛋论打卖。
c．表示“按照……”或“根据……”的意思。
⑦By my watch, the time is half past twelve.
按我的表，现在是十二点半。
(6)of与抽象名词连用，表示的意义相当于该名词对应的形容词。
of＋great/much＋抽象名词＝very＋形容词；of＋no＋抽象名词＝not＋形容词。
⑧It is of great/much value.→It is very valuable.
这个东西很贵重。
(7)near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近/旁边”
near表示“在……附近”；by与beside同义，表示“靠近，在……旁边”，比near距离更近；at也可表示“在……旁边”，但多表示有目的的行为和所处的位置。
⑨Jennifer came up and sat beside me.
詹妮弗走过来坐在我身旁。
⑩We are sitting at the desks listening to our teacher.
我们正坐在课桌旁听老师讲课。
(8)against的用法
含义
例句
反对；违背；与……相反
They got married against her parents' wishes.
他们违背她父母的意愿结婚了。
触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快便睡着了。
与……竞争
We will be competing against the best companies in Europe.
我们将会和欧洲的顶级公司竞争。
防备，抵御
They took measures against the fire.
他们采取了防火措施。
以……为背景，衬托
The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天的映衬下，小山更显美丽。

(9)for的用法
a.与表示“为了，因为”
例如：thank sb. for; make an apology to sb. for sth.; blame sb. for;
b.加时间段，表示“一段时间”
Having been learning English for six years, I have a good command of the language.
c.用于固定短语，表达别的含义
take......for granted认为……是理所当然的事，


【典例剖析】

(2022高考）Museums must compete ________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。compete for意为“为……而竞争”，这是for的基本意思，故填for。
d.because of, due to, thanks to的用法
because of通常作状语，位于句首或句尾，表示直接的原因；due to通常作表语，表示“由于，因为”；thanks to表示“多亏，幸亏”，既可用于褒义，也可用于贬义，多位于句首。
⑪The streets were flooded because of all the rain.
下雨导致街道被淹了。
⑫His illness was due to smoking and drinking.
他的病是由吸烟和饮酒引起的。
⑬Thanks to modern medicine, the disease can now be cured.
多亏了现代药物，这种疾病现在可以被治愈了。


【典例剖析】

(2022高考)The answer ________ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。介词to常用于用于answer, key之后作后置定语，需多背诵。

限时练1　单句语法填空
①The artist wrote ________ ink/pencil (＝________ a pen/a pencil)．
②The skier's red clothes stood out clearly ________ the snow.
③I have the same book ________ you (have)．
④The big stone looks ________ a monkey.
⑤I know nothing about the young lady ________ that she is from Beijing.
⑥She was given a scholarship ________ the award.
⑦Japan is/lies ________ the east of China.
⑧The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place ________ the main road at the far end of the lake.
⑨Some students often listen to music ________ classes to refresh themselves.
⑩________ then on she knew she would win.
⑪I lost my money and I have been worried ________ then.
⑫Let's discuss it ________ lunch.
⑬We'll have finished the work ________ ten o'clock tomorrow.
⑭I usually take a bath ________ having my breakfast.
⑮It is very considerate ________ you to remind me.
⑯It is necessary ________ the students to know some learning methods.
⑰It is ________ me why she wants to marry Jeff.
⑱He seized me ________ the arm.
【答案】：
①in; with　②against　③as　④like　⑤except ⑥besides　⑦to　⑧off　⑨between　⑩From　⑪since
⑫over　⑬by　⑭before　⑮of　⑯for　⑰beyond　⑱by

考点二 （介词短语）

1．常见高频介词短语
at the age of 在……岁时
above all 最重要的是
apart from 除此以外……
at the same time 同时；然而
at dawn 在黎明
at the cost of 以……的代价
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布
at the sight of 一看到……
be of help/value/use/benefit 有帮助的/有价值的/有用的/有益处的
be of importance 重要的
be of significance 有重大意义的
in the face of 面对，面临
in addition to 除……以外
in case of 万一
in charge of 负责，主管
in the charge of 在……的管理之下
in control of 控制，掌握，管理
in search of 寻找
in honor of 为了纪念……
in exchange for 作为交换
in memory of作为对……的纪念
in favor of 赞成，支持
in fear of 害怕
in need of 需要
in no time 立刻
in a hurry 匆忙
in the way 碍事，挡路
in the meanwhile 与此同时
in the hope of 抱着……的希望
in no way 决不
in preparation for 为……作准备
in response to 作为回应
in turn 依次；转而
in return (for) 作为(对……的)回报
in sight 看得见；在视野之内
in spite of 尽管，虽然
in possession of 拥有
in the possession of 被……拥有
on the contrary 相反
on account of 因为；由于
on behalf of 代表
on condition that (＝only if) 在……的条件下
on the basis of 以……为基础
on the point of ... 正要……
with regard to 关于
2．高频介词短语
(1)表示方式的介词短语
by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助于
by chance 偶然地 by force 用暴力
by hand 手工地 by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生地 by the month 按月
by turns 轮流
by weight/volume 按重量/体积算
in cash 用现金支付 in detail 详细地
in size 在大小上 with delight 高兴地
with ease 轻易地 with joy 高兴地
with pleasure 愉快地
(2)表示状态的介词短语
at a loss 不知所措 at dinner 在吃晚餐
at peace 处于和平状态 at rest 静止
at war 在战争中 at work 在工作
in anger 生气 in bed 在床上
in danger 处于危险中 in debt 负债
in despair 失望 in difficulty 处于困难中
in doubt 不确定，拿不准 in fear 在恐惧中
in high spirits 情绪高昂 in need 在危难中，在穷困中
in order 秩序井然 in print 发表
in rags 穿着破旧 in surprise 吃惊
in trouble 在困境中 in use 使用中
on a trip 在旅行 on business 因公出差
on display 在展出 on duty 在值班
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on sale 在出售；低价出售 on show 在展出
on strike 在罢工 on the go 非常忙碌
on the way 在途中 out of balance 失去平衡
out of control 失去控制 out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期 out of order 出故障
out of work 失业
(3)表示“在……”的介词短语
under attack 遭到袭击
under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建造中
under control 在控制之下
under discussion 在讨论中
under pressure 在压力下
under repair 在修理中
under test 在测试中
限时练2　单句语法填空
①________ the age of twenty, Alexander himself became king after his father died.
②When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
③There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, ________ a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six miles.
④He taught me the trick ________ condition that I never tell anyone else how to do it.
⑤He founded the charity ________ memory of his late wife.
【答案】：①At　②at　③as　④on　⑤in

易错点一　介词词义的误用
(1)【误】The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.
【正】The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.
[分析]　over通常指“正对……的上方”，表示两个物体之间垂直的相对位置；on指线上或面上的接触点，仅在两个物体互相接触的情况下表示“在……上面”。
(2)【误】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.
【正】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.
[分析]　with表示用具体的工具，此处用by表示抽象的方式。by writing意为“通过写信”。本题不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。
[注意]　造成以上错误的原因在于对词义接近的介词的用法不清，应加强对考点一第“二”点的学习。


易错点二　介词搭配的误用
(1)【误】You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.
【正】You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.
[分析]　be rich in是固定搭配，意为“富含……”。根据语境可知，把of改为in。
(2)【误】He got married with her last month.
【正】He got married to her last month.
【正】He married her last month.
[分析]　get married to sb＝marry sb 为固定表达，意为“与某人结婚”。
(3)【误】Under the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.
【正】With the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.
[分析]　with the help of sb 意为“在某人的帮助下”为固定短语。
[注意]　造成以上错误一方面在于不熟悉介词的语法功能和不同搭配，另一方面在于英汉差异而致，如误区二第(2)处和第(3)处。平时应注意短语的积累，方能避免此类问题。

易错点三　介词的缺失错误
(1)【误】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.
【正】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for your teacher to lead you outside.
[分析]　wait for是固定搭配，意为“等待”，由于其后有宾语your teacher，故需要加介词for。
(2)【误】He is the man I just spoke.
【正】He is the man I just spoke to.
[分析]　man后为省略了关系词的定语从句，对某人讲话为speak to sb，故to不可缺失。



易错点四　介词的多余错误
【误】We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.
【正】We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.
[分析]　时间名词前有this,next, last等修饰时，一般不再用介词，last week前面不须加介词。
[注意]　造成以上错误的原因主要在于受汉语表达的影响，若想避免此类问题多背多练是关键。
1．介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或者what从句充当。若设空后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则要考虑介词。
2.“四种方法”确定介词
(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系；
(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法；
(3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without；
(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。


【牛刀小试】
语法填空
1. In recent years, stress has been regarded ____ a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
2. It’s unfair that he gets away _________________ cheating because he’s a famous author.
3. The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.
4. Which opinion you agree with is up ________ you.
5. Both the Summer and the Winner Olympics are held every four years ________a regular basis.
6. The nurse feels proud that she can help here and there, and make a difference ________ people's lives.
7. We should not judge a person ________ his appearance but people make that mistake from time to time.
8. Playing these games can lead ________ anti-social behaviour.
【答案】：1. as 2.with 3. for 4. to 5.on 6.to 7.by/from 8.to











单项选择

1．Participating this speech serves as a fabulous opportunity to acquire a thorough and comprehensive understanding of profound history behind every character _______ merely learning to write.
A．in terms of B．by turn C．due to D．rather than
2．Chinese patriotic cartoonist Wuheqilin regards his satire illustrations which quickly go viral on Chinese social media as a way to point out justice instead of intentionally attacking western regime, western media or anything _____.
A．in particular B．at length C．on credit D．in conflict
3．The book discusses the extent ________ family life has changed over the past 50 years.
A．where B．in which C．to which D．that
4．She has been awarded with many prizes in ________ of her services to society.
A．memory B．recognition C．expression D．charge
5．It’s pretty of Peter to know what happened at once. , he is only five years old.
A．sharp; After all B．enthusiastic; In all;
C．pessimistic; After all D．aware; Above all
6．________leaving high school, Ernest Hemingway joined a local Kanas newspaper as a trainee reporter.
A．On B．At C．For D．In
7．Many enterprising young people present their ideas________ getting investment and advice to start their own business.
A．at the cost of B．by means of C．as a result of D．in the hope of
8．It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favor to them.
A．in preference to B．in place C．in agreement with D．in exchange for
9．________ her disappointment, she ________ and managed a bright smile.
A．Regardless of; moved on B．In spite of; took off
C．Due to; settled down D．Despite; cheered up
10．I have offered to paint the house ________ a week’s accommodation.
A．in respect of B．in exchange for C．by means of D．in place of
11．Many teenagers have hobbies. But sometimes these hobbies can get ________ of schoolwork.
A．on the way B．by the way C．in the way D．out of the way
12．Remember to spend some time ________ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.
A．from B．with C．in D．on
13．Analysts said there was no sign of relief ________, judging from the depth and breadth of January's labor market plunge（骤然下跌）.
A．on the horizon B．on end C．on the edge D．in the distance
14．_______ the global pollution, he recommended everybody _______ the environmental protection cause.
A．In terms of; be devoted to B．As for; devoted to
C．Concerning; would be devoted to D．Apart from; should devote to
15．_______ the severe air pollution, it’s time we _______ measures to arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
A．On account of; take B．Despite; should take
C．Account for; should take D．Due to; took
16．—Why does the river smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of rubbish ________ there, and we should alert the public ________ the danger of it.
A．have been thrown; of B．has been thrown; of
C．has been thrown; to D．have been thrown; to
17．Humans are and will continue to become increasingly ______ about the problems ______ health and well-being through food.
A．concerning; concerned B．concerned; concerned
C．concerning; concerning D．concerned; concerning
18．The doctor treated Mike ______ his headache with a new drug but didn’t cure him ______ it.
A．of; with B．for; of C．for; by D．by; with
19．Winners of the writing competition were chosen language, content and hand-writing.
A．in addition to B．in memory of C．in the hope of D．on the basis of
20．We have to admit that there are many people nowadays ______ still live happily ______ of modern technology.
A．who; in absence B．which; at absence
C．that; on presence D．where; in presence
21．The president ______ health system after he came into power.
A．was committed to reform B．committed himself to reform
C．committed himself to reforming D．was committing to reform
22．There was dead silence ______ the sound of our hearts beating violently.
A．despite B．except for C．in spite of D．besides
23．Most of us went to see her, ____ some girls.
A．include B．including C．included D．to include
24．We couldn’t trust them ________ all their friendly manners.
A．as a result of B．on the basis of C．in case of D．in spite of
25．This doesn’t happen ______; it happens by design.
A．once in a while B．by accident C．in the end D．more or less
26．______ his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, the President was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
A．Far from B．Except for C．Rather than D．Due to
27．They went into the forest ________ search of the lost boy.
A．at B．with C．for D．in
28．Here are still some spaces which are________for cellular phones, such as aeroplanes and churches.
A．on display B．beyond words C．in place D．off limits
29．In Britain 18-to-24-year-olds are spending _________ time on Facebook and Instagram, its sister app, as they were four years ago.
A．much more B．as half much C．more much D．half as much
30．In recent years, many people________Asian origin have been subjected to various forms of racial discrimination in science.
A．in B．of C．to D．from
31．As a reward ________ his contribution ________ botany, Joseph Banks had a flower named ________ him.
A．for; to; after B．for; for; to C．to; for; after D．of; to; for
32．I was impressed the efficiency of the work done in the company.
A．in B．about C．with D．for
33．You are not to take photos in the museum without ______.
A．occasion B．contribution C．impression D．permission
34．The program has made great progress ______ little support from the government.
A．due to B．with regard to C．instead of D．in spite of
35．Miss Wang’s devotion teaching has won her great reputation.
A．as B．of C．to D．with
36．I heard about it ________ from my neighbor.
A．take over B．apart from C．in memory of D．at first hand
37．Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ________ there won’t be much work.
A．where B．beyond which C．by which D．without which
38．Many people cycle to work ______ the government's calling for living a low-carbon lifestyle.
A．in spite of B．in honor of C．in addition to D．in response to
39．________ anxiety, COVID-19 has also brought opportunities to some industries and changes to our lifestyles.
A．Due to B．In spite of C．Apart from D．According to
40．The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with, ________ her parents’ disagreement.
A．by means of B．regardless of C．due to D．in favour of

【参考答案】
1．D
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：参加本次演讲是一个绝佳的机会，可以让我们深入全面地了解每个人物背后的深刻历史，而不仅仅是学习写作。A. in terms of就……而言；B. by turn轮流；C. due to由于；D. rather than而不是。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语rather than“而不是”，满足句意要求。故选D项。
2．A
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：中国爱国漫画家乌合麒麟将其在中国社交媒体上迅速走红的讽刺插图视为一种指出正义的方式，而不是有意攻击西方政体、西方媒体或任何特别的东西。A. in particular特别；B. at length终于；C. on credit赊帐；D. in conflict有矛盾。根据“Chinese patriotic cartoonist Wuheqilin regard his satire illustrations which quickly go viral on Chinese social media as a way to point out justice”可知，中国爱国漫画家乌合麒麟并没有用作品去攻击西方西方政体、西方媒体或任何特别的东西。故选A。
3．C
【详解】考查介词和定语从句。句意：这本书讨论了过去50年家庭生活的变化程度。extent通常和介词to搭配，to the extent...“到……的程度/地步”，代替先行词extent作介词to的宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故选C。
4．B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她被授予许多奖项以表彰她对社会的贡献。A. memory记忆；B. recognition认可；C. expression表达；D. charge掌管。根据后文“of her services to society”可知为短语in recognition of，表示“表彰”，故选B。
5．A
【详解】考查形容词及介词短语的辨析。句意：彼得很机灵，马上就知道发生了什么事。他毕竟只有五岁。A. sharp锋利的，灵敏的；After all 毕竟；B. enthusiastic热情的,常与about 连用；In all总一共,一共计；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. aware意识到，常与of连用；above all最重要的是；首要的是。根据后文“know what happened at once”可知马上就知道发生了什么事，所以是机灵的，再根据后文中的only，可知，二空处表毕竟之意。所以A项正确。
6．A
【详解】考查介词。句意：高中毕业后，欧内斯特·海明威加入了当地一家卡纳斯报纸，成为一名实习记者。A. On在……上；B. At 在……；C. For为了；D. In在……里。分析可知，此处为固定句型on doing“一……就……”。故选A。
7．D
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多有进取心的年轻人提出了自己的想法，希望得到投资和开始自己事业的建议。A. at the cost of以……为代价；B. by means of 用；C. as a result of 由于；D. in the hope of怀着……的希望。根据句意可知，年轻人提出自己的想法是希望得到投资和建议，故in the hope of符合题意。故选D。
8．D
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨新。句意：公职人员向人们索取礼物或金钱以换取对他们的帮助是违法的。A.in preference to优先于……；B.in place在对的位置；C.in agreement with与……一致;；D.in exchange for交换。根据句意可知，公职人员向人们索取礼物或金钱以换取对他们的帮助是违法的。故选D项。
9．D
【详解】考查介词短语和动词。句意：尽管她很失望，但她还是振作起来，露出了灿烂的笑容。A. regardless of不管，不顾，moved on继续；B. in spite of 尽管，took off起飞；C. due to因为，settled down定居；D. despite尽管，cheered up振作起来。分析句子，前后构成让步关系，表示“尽管”用despite或者in spite of，根据后文managed a bright smile，此处应并列cheered up。故选D。
10．B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我已提出粉刷房子以换取一周的住宿。A. in respect of关于；B. in exchange for交换；C. by means of依靠；D. in place of代替。此处指“粉刷房子以换取一周的住宿”应用in exchange for。故选B。
11．C
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：许多青少年都有爱好。但有时这些爱好会妨碍学业。A. on the way在路上；B. by the way顺便说一下；C. in the way妨碍；D. out of the way把…移开。根据前文but可知本句与前句表示的是转折关系。get in the way of意为“妨碍”符合句意。故选C。
12．B
【详解】考查介词。句意：记得花些时间和你爱的人在一起，因为他们不会永远在你身边。A. from 从……，来自……；B. with和……，伴随……；C. in 在……里面；D. on 在……上面。由句意可知，记得花时间“和”爱人在一起，spend time with somebody 表示“花费时间和某人在一起”，故答案为B。
13．A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：分析师表示，从1月就业市场暴跌的深度和广度来看，目前还没有缓解的迹象。A. on the horizon即将来临的；B. on end连续地；C. on the edge坐立不安；D. in the distance在远处。根据上文“there was no sign of relief”指还没有缓解的迹象来临，故选A。
14．A
【详解】考查固定短语和虚拟语气。句意：关于全球污染问题，他建议大家致力于环境保护事业。in terms of“就……而言”，as for“关于，至于”，concerning“考虑到，鉴于”，apart from“除了……外”；根据句意可知，空格一处涉及固定短语“in terms of…”，意为“关于……，就……而言”；空格二所在句为“that”引导的宾语从句，省略了“that”，句中“recommended”意为“建议”，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)+动词原形”，“should”可省略，“be devoted to…”意为“致力于……”，句中表示“致力于环境保护事业”，故空格二应填“be devoted to”。故选A项。
15．D
【详解】考查介词短语和虚拟语气。句意：由于严重的空气污染，是时候采取措施提高人们的环境意识了。A项中On account of 译为“由于……”；B项中Despite 译为“尽管”；C项中Account for 译为“说明(原因、理由等),是……的原因”；D项中Due to译为“由于……”；在It is (high) time…句型中，time后的句子中的谓语要用一般过去时或should+do来表示对现在情况提出建议的虚拟语气。结合句意，第一空表示“由于”，排除BC两项，第二空应用took或should take，故排除A。综上，故选D项。
16．D
【详解】考查主谓一致和介词搭配。句意：——为什么这条河散发着恶臭？——因为大量的垃圾被扔在那里，我们应该提醒公众注意它的危险。quantities of既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用复数，故排除B、C项；alert sb to sth“使意识到，提醒某人注意某事”固定搭配。故选D项。
17．D
【详解】考查形容词和介词。句意：人类现在和将来都将越来越关注通过食物带来的健康和福祉问题。分析句子结构，第一个空应该使用形容词作表语，concern为动词，意为“关心，与……有关系”，其形容词有两种，以ed结尾的描述人的感受，以ing结尾的形容词修饰事物和情形。sb. be concerned about sth意为“某人关心某事”，第一空中的主语是humans，故第一空使用concerned。分析句子结构，第二空应该使用介词构成介词短语作状语。concerning可以作为介词，意为“关于”，符合句意。故选D。
18．B
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：医生用一种新药治疗迈克的头痛，但没有治好。分析句子可知，空格一处涉及固定短语“treat sb. for sth.”，意为“治疗某人的某病症”，故空格一处应填介词“for”；空格二处涉及固定短语“cure sb. of sth.”，意为“治愈某人的某种病症”，故空格二处应填介词“of”。故选B项。
19．D
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：写作比赛的优胜者是根据语言、内容和书写选出的。A. in addition to 除……之外；B. in memory of纪念……； C. in the hope of 怀有……的希望；D. on the basis of以……为基础。结合空前“Winners of the writing competition were chosen”及空后“language, content and hand-writing.”可知，此处指根据语言、内容和书写来决定获胜者。故选D。
20．A
【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：我们必须承认，现在有很多人在没有现代技术的情况下仍然过着幸福的生活。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“people”，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“who”或“that”引导从句，排除“B”和“D”，根据句意可知，句中指“在没有现代技术的情况下仍然过着幸福的生活”，“in absence of…”意为“在没有……时”，故空格二应填“absence of”，排除“C”。故选A项。
21．C
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：总统上台后致力于改革卫生系统。表示“致力于”短语为commit oneself to doing sth./be committed to doing sth.，结合后文came可知为一般过去时。故选C。
22．B
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：四周一片死寂，只除了我们心脏猛烈的跳动声。A. despite尽管；B. except for除……以外；C. in spite of尽管；D. besides除……之外（还）。结合句意可知，此处表示“除了我们心脏猛烈的跳动声以外，四周一片死寂”，故排除A、C项；except for意为“除……以外”，表示“减”的概念，且往往用于非同类事物之间；besides意为“除……外，还有……”，表示“加”的概念。根据题干中的“dead silence”和“the sound of our hearts beating violently”可知，心跳声不属于死寂的范畴，属于“减”的概念，且二者为非同类事物，设空处应用except for。故选B项。
23．B
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们大多数人都去看她了，包括一些女孩。空格处用介词including表示“包括”，故选B。
24．D
【详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：尽管他们处处显得很友善的样子，但我们还是不能信任他们。A. as a result of由于……的结果；B. on the basis of以……为基础；C. in case of万一……；D. in spite of尽管……。根据句中“couldn’t trust them”和“all their friendly manners”可知，句中指尽管他们处处显得很友善的样子，但我们还是不能信任他们，“in spite of”意为“尽管……”，符合语境。故选D项。
25．B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这不是偶然发生地；这是故意地。A. once in a while偶尔；B. by accident偶然地；C. in the end最终；D. more or less或多或少。结合语意，这是故意地，所以不是偶然发生地。故选B项。
26．D
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：由于他为实现和平和国际合作所做的努力，总统被授予诺贝尔和平奖。A. Far from远离，一点也不；B. Except for除了；C. Rather than而不是；D. Due to由于。根据“the President was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.” 由于为实现和平和国际合作所做的努力，所以获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选D。
27．D
【详解】考查介词词义辨析和固定短语。句意：他们到森林里去寻找那个走失的男孩。A. at在……岁时；B. with和；C. for为了；D. in在……里面。in search of是固定短语，意为“寻找”，故选D。
28．D
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：这里还有一些空间是禁止使用手机的，比如飞机上和教堂里。A. on display展览；B. beyond words无法用语言表达；C. in place在适当的位置；D. off limits禁止使用。由“such as aeroplanes and churches”可知，飞机和教堂是不允许使用手机的，因此空格处是“禁止使用”。故选D。
29．D
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在英国，18到24岁的年轻人花在Facebook和Instagram（其姊妹应用）上的时间是四年前的一半。根据空后的as可知，此处考查as much...as结构，排除A、C项，much后接被修饰的不可数名词time，half作为倍数，应置于第一个as之前，故选D项。
30．B
【详解】考查介词。句意：近些年来，许多亚裔人在科学上遭受到了各种形式的种族歧视。A. in在......里面；B. of属于......的；C. to向、朝着；D. from来自。由语意可知，那些有亚洲血统的人在科学方面遭受到了种族歧视，因此，空处前面的many people与空处后面的Asian origin之间是所属关系。故选B项。
31．A
【详解】考查介词。句意：作为他对植物学贡献的奖励，Joseph Banks有一朵以他的名字命名的花。根据句意及句子结构可知，第一空考查短语a reward for…，表示“因为……的奖励”，故第一空填for；第二空表示“对……有贡献”，故用contribution to，故第二空填to；第三空表示“以……命名”，故用be named after，故第三空填after。故选A。
32．C
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：我对公司工作的效率印象深刻。A. in在……里；B. about关于；C. with在……方面；D. for为了。be impressed with sth.表示“对某物印象深刻”，所以空处应用介词with。故选C项。
33．D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：未经允许，你不能在博物馆里拍照。A. occasion场合；B. contribution贡献：C. impression印象；D. permission同意，许可。根据句意，此处考查介词短语without permission，意为“未经许可”，作状语。故选D项。
34．D
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：尽管政府给予很少的支持，但这个项目仍取得了巨大的成就。A. due to 由于；B. with regard to 关于，至于；C. instead of 而不是；D. in spite of 尽管，虽然。根据句意可知，此处应用in spite of，表示“尽管”，表让步，为状语。故选D项。
35．C
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：王老师对教学的奉献为她赢得了声誉。A. as作为；B. of属于；C. to对于，关于；D. with具有。此处考查one’s devotion to (doing) sth，意为“某人对……的奉献”，为固定搭配。设空处应填介词to。故选C项。
36．D
【详解】考查动词和介词短语词义辨析。句意：我是直接从我的邻居那里听说这件事的。A. take over接管；B. apart from除了；C. in memory of为了纪念；D. at first hand直接。分析句子句意可知，句意表明的是从邻居那直接听到的。故选D项。
37．D
【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：这里的村民以渔业为生，没有了渔业就不会有太多的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句子应为非限制性定语从句，对主句内容进行补充，关系代词which指代先行词fishing industry，结合句意，村民离开了渔业就无以为生，所以用介词without。故选D项。
38．D
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多人骑自行车上班，以响应政府倡导的低碳生活方式。A. in spite of尽管；B. in honor of为了向……表示敬意；C. in addition to除了……以外；D. in response to响应。由语意可知，许多人骑自行车上班，这是一种低碳生活方式，说明这些人响应了政府所提倡的低碳生活方式。故选D项。
39．C
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了焦虑，新冠肺炎也给一些行业带来了机遇，改变了我们的生活方式。A. Due to由于；B. In spite of尽管；C. Apart from除了；D. According to根据。根据语境可知，新冠肺炎除了带来焦虑，也带来了一些机遇，此处表示“除了”用Apart from。故选C项。
40．B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个女孩不顾父母的反对，决心嫁给她爱上的那个年轻人。A. by means of用……的方法，凭借；B. regardless of不管，不顾；C. due to由于；D. in favour of支持。根据“The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with,”可知，女孩不顾父母的反对，决心嫁给她爱上的人。故选B。







【真题实战】
语法填空
1.（2022高考全国甲卷）It was built originally to protect the city _____ the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored.
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near side.
3. (2021·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
4. (2021·浙江高考)Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________， through agriculture.
5. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods ________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s.
答案：1.in 2.than 3.on 4.in 5.of/for
单句改错
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
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2．(2022·全国卷Ⅰ)I told my father that I planned to return for every two years.
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3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
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4．(2021·全国卷Ⅰ)I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
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5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools.
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6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
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【答案】：1.off→on 2.去掉for 3.for→with 4.on→of 5.去掉for 6.dreams后加of/about