2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全专题09 动词的时态
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专题09 动词的时态
2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全
【考点详解】
【命题解读】
时态和语态已经成为语篇填空和短文改错的必考内容。高考以对时态的考查为主,以对语态的考查为辅。对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、和现在完成时等时态。此外,在考查时态的同时还会考查主谓一致的问题。短文改错多以时态和语态以及主谓一致联合考查形式命题。
【命题预测】
预计2023年高考仍然会有时态语态的命题。语法填空中需要区分出谓语动词和非谓语动词,容易混用。短文改错最可能考查上下文时态不一致,也可能考查被动语态的错用以及过去分词和过去式的混用。
【复习建议】
1.掌握一般过去式、一般现在时、现在完成时等常考时态的基本用法。
2.掌握时态与语态的混合运用。
3.掌握各种时态中动词形式的变化规律。
考点一 (动词时态的一般体)
一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态;一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态;过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。所谓一般体,表示既不“进行”,又没“完成”。
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时的构成
(1)一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加s或es,其变化规则如下表所示:
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加s
want→wants, rise→rises
以s, sh, ch, x,o, z结尾的动词
加es
wash→washes, discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为i加es
carry→carries
study→studies, fly→flies
(2)be的变化:am, is, are。
(3)have的变化:has (第三人称单数)。
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
①Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月不等人。
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
②These oranges taste good.
这些桔子味道很好。
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时,如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
③All the students here belong to No. 1 Middle School.
这里所有的学生都是第一中学的。
【典例剖析】
(2022年浙江卷1月)But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 ①are ② changing
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意:但科布和其他人现在对推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会、改变他们的个人行为、为应对气候变化危机尽自己的一份力量的想法提出了质疑。第一空,根据时间状语now可知,句子使用现在进行时,主语Cobb and others为复数,be动词应用are,与空后的questioning构成现在进行时;第二空,分析句子结构,空处作非谓语动词,change与逻辑主语idea之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式与pushing并列,作后置定语。故填are,changing。
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
④I'll write to her when I have time.
我有时间的时候会给她写信。
(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词,如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时,只用一般现在时。
⑤The shop closes at 11:00 pm every day.
这个商店每天晚上11点关门。
【典例剖析】
(2022年北京高考)As it ________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】connects
【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意:当大脑把事物联系起来时,它就会把它们变成一个故事,然后你就会做梦。根据语境和主句中的turns判断从句也用一般现在时态,从句主语是it(指代your brain),单数,故谓语也用单数。故填connects。
二、一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成
(1)一般过去时用动词的过去式构成,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加ed
pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为i加ed
carry→carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写辅音字母加ed
plan→planned
以不发音的e结尾的动词
直接加d
like→liked
provide→provided
(2)was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他人称。
[注意] 以元音字母加y结尾的动词,直接加ed。如play→played。
2.一般过去时的用法
(1)一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯。
①When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.
他年轻的时候经常洗冷水澡。
(2) 如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但主句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。
【典例剖析】
(2022全国甲卷)We ________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】hired
【详解】考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租借点租来了自行车。分析句子可知,该句没有明确时间状语,推断动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时。故填hired。
②He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
他告诉我昨晚他读了一本有趣的小说。
(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作,由以下词语连接,常用一般过去时。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute等。
③The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
她一进来,就告诉我发生了什么事。
(4)常用一般过去时的句型。
④Why didn't you think of that?
你为什么没想到?
⑤I didn't notice it.
我没注意到。
⑥I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
我忘了告诉你以前我和我哥哥去过那儿。
⑦I didn't recognize him.
我没认出他来。
【典例剖析】
(2022·高考全国卷II )Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ______(declare) she had
no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared.
三、一般将来时
1.一般将来时的构成
(1)will/shall+动词原形
(2)is/am/are going to+动词原形
(3)is/am/are about to+动词原形
(4)is/am/are to+动词原形
(5)is/am/are due to+动词原形
(6)某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式
2.一般将来时的用法
(1)表示未来的动作或状态,常用will/shall+动词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow, next week等。
①We will have a meeting tomorrow.
我们明天开会。
(2)表示趋向行为的动词,即表示动作转换的终止性动词,如come, go, start, begin, leave等词,常用进行时的形式表示将来时;事物名词meeting, concert, train等作主语时,要用一般现在时表示将来。
②The students are leaving on Sunday.
学生们周日走。
③The train leaves at 8 o'clock.
火车八点整开。
(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别:
a.be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事,也可用来表示自然现象。
④The shop is going to open on October 1st.
商店将在十月一日开门(营业)。
b.be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
⑤A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o'clock this afternoon.
今天下午3点开会。
c.be about to do表示“即将,正要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
⑥Autumn harvest is about to start.
秋收就要开始了。
[注意] be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来,不能用在含有条件状语从句的主句中;而will do则能,表意愿。
If it is fine, we'll go fishing.[√]
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.[×]
如果天气好,我们去钓鱼。
四、过去将来时
1.过去将来时的构成
(1)should/would+动词原形
(2)was/were going to+动词原形
(3)was/were about to+动词原形
(4)was/were to+动词原形
(5)某些动词的过去进行时形式
2.过去将来时的用法
(1)从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。
①He said he would be here at eight o'clock.
他说他将在8点到这里。
②I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。
③I thought it was going to rain.
我当时觉得要下雨。
(2)过去本打算做而未做的事情。
现在进行时
am/is/are+现在分词
过去进行时
was/were+现在分词
将来进行时
will/shall+be+现在分词④I was going to go to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
我本打算要参加聚会,但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。
⑤We were to tell you, but you were not in.
我们本来想告诉你的,但是你不在家。
[注意] (1)过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,主句常是一般过去时。
(2)某些表示起止或转移的动词,常用过去进行时表示过去将来时。
He told me he was leaving in an hour.
他告诉我他计划一个小时后离开。
限时练1 单句语法填空
①They ________ (live) in the same building, don't they?
②I promise I ________ (support) you all the time.
③The plane ________ (take) off at 8:00 am.
④I hoped I ________ (find) a job soon.
⑤—I'm sorry, but there is no smoking on this flight.
—Oh, I ________ (know) that. Sorry, I won't again.
答案:①live ②will support ③takes ④would find ⑤didn't know
考点二 (动词时态的进行体)
1.进行体的构成
(1)考纲对进行体所要求掌握的时态包括:现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时。它们的形式分别为:
现在进行时
am/is/are+现在分词
过去进行时
was/were+现在分词
将来进行时
will/shall+be+现在分词
(2)现在分词的构成形式:
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加ing
try→trying
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词
双写辅音字母加ing
regret→regretting
ban→banning
以不发音的e结尾的动词
去掉e,加ing
hate→hating
date→dating
2.进行体的用法
用法
例句
表示某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态,具有暂时性和未完成性的特点
I didn't really work there; I was just helping out until the new secretary arrived.
我并不在那里上班,我只是去帮忙。新秘书来了,我就离开了。(暂时性)
表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情,常与these/those days, this/that week等时间状语连用
We are making model planes these days.
这些天我们在做飞机模型。(此时此刻不一定在做)
表示赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪,常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用
He is always thinking of others first.
他总是先想到他人。
有些动词的进行体可以表示将来(见一般将来时的用法)
3.有些动词不用于进行体,常见的有
感官类:look, smell, sound, taste, see, hear
情感类:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore
心态类:wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, remember, forget, agree, know
状态类:appear, lie (位于), remain, belong to, have
限时练2 单句语法填空
①Sorry, you can't use my computer. I ________ (use) it now.
②I ________ (watch) TV when you rang me up.
③At this time tomorrow, I ________ (sit) at the table.
答案:①am using ②was watching ③will be sitting
【典例剖析】
It is almost five years since Jimmy taught high school students and he ______(serve) as an interpreter
in a foreign enterprise.
【答案】is serving
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:从吉米教高中到现在已经快五年了,他现在正在一家外国企业担任翻译。主语是he,谓语用单数,描述现在正在发生的动作用现在进行时,故填is serving.
考点三 (动词时态的完成体)
一、完成体的构成
考纲对完成体所要求掌握的时态包括:现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时。它们的形式分别为:
现在完成时:have/has+过去分词
过去完成时:had+过去分词
将来完成时:will have+过去分词
二、完成体的用法
1.现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与up to now, so far, already, yet, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词(短语),或since引导的状语从句(从句中使用一般过去时),或for+一段时间,或since+时间点连用。
①His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。
[注意] 非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时,在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段,since+时间点或how long等状语连用,要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可与这类时间状语连用。试比较:
[误]I have bought the computer for a year.
[正]I have kept the computer for a year.
这台电脑我买了有一年了。
(2)表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是这个影响或结果,常与yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。
②I have just turned off the light.
我刚刚把灯关了。
③I have already read the book.
我已读过这本书了。
(3)用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来完成时)
④—When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we have finished our plan.
——什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业?
——直到我们已完成我们的计划。
(4)用于现在完成时的固定句型:
a.在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time+that从句”中,that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
⑤This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。
b.在“It/This is the best/worst/most+adj.+名词+从句”中,从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
⑥It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。
2.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作,时间定位是“过去的过去”。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句),如by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表示过去的时间状语(从句)。但有时需要通过上下文来判断。
①By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work.
到昨晚9点钟,我们已完成了大部分工作。
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态,或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。
②I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公共汽车终于来的时候,我已在车站等了30分钟。
(3)某些动词用于过去完成时,表示过去未曾实现的想法,意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有:expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。
③I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。
(4)常用于过去完成时的固定句型:
a.在hardly/scarcely ... when ...,no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。
④Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨。
b.It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句用过去完成时。
⑤It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。
c.It was the first/second/ ... time+(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。
⑥It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
d.By the time ... (表示过去时间的句子)+主句(过去完成时)。
⑦By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.
到十岁的时候,汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。
3.将来完成时
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的状态。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。
On her next birthday,Ann will have been married for twenty years.
到下次生日时,安将已结婚20年了。
限时练3 单句语法填空
①Happy birthday! By this time of next year, you ________ (turn) 18.
②She found that she ________ (leave) her luggage on the bus.
③This is the first time that he ________ (pass) the exam.
④Hardly ________ (have) we started when the car got a flat tyre.
⑤I arrived late; I ________ (not, expect) the road to be so icy after snowing.
答案:①will have turned ②had left ③has passed ④had ⑤hadn't expected
考点四 (动词时态的完成进行体)
对完成进行体,高中阶段要求掌握的时态为现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时,其形式为:have/has/had+been+doing。
1.现在完成进行时
(1)表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成,也可能仍在进行,具有持续性和未完成性。该时态多用于延续性动词。
①The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
从上午9点开始,经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。
(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复,但一定强调对现在的影响。
②I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.
我得去看医生,因为最近我一直咳嗽得厉害。
2.过去完成进行时
(1)表示在过去某一时间之前一直在进行的动作或存在的状态。
①I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着。
(2)表示在过去某段时间内反复发生的动作。
②She had been trying to find a job, but hadn't found one yet.
她当时一直设法找工作,但仍没找到。
【牛刀小试】
单句语法填空
1.In order to find the missing child, villagers ________ (do) all they can over the past five hours.
2.Where had you been? We ________ (look) for you everywhere.
3.We ________ (work) on it for several hours but we have not yet reached any conclusions.
4.My friend, who ________ (teach) Chinese in this primary school all his life, is retiring next month.
5.I was tired. I ________ (work) since dawn.
6.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ (see) them ever since.
7.I'm calling to apply for the position you _______ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
8.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _______ (increase) sharply.
9. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ______(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.
10.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real
harm.
【答案】:1.have been doing 2.had been looking 3.have been working 4.has been teaching 5.had been working 6.has seen 7.advertised 8.has increased 9.recommended 10.meant
单项选择
1.The command that the injured ______to the hospital without delay ______wise.
A.were sent; was proved B.be sent; proved
C.should be sent; was proved D.were sent; proved
2.It was difficult to get a word in. Everyone ______ so excitedly about the play.
A.would talk B.was talking C.talked D.had talked
3.—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry,but then I ________ to Beijing. How about five?
A.will be flying B.will have flown C.will fly D.will be flown
4.__________ that their marriage broke up in the end.
A.So often did the couple quarrel B.So often does the couple quarrel
C.So often quarrelled the couple D.So often quarrels the couple
5.Never __________ such a wonderful place as Hangzhou.
A.are seeing B.had I seen C.I have seen D.have I seen
6.Beneath our feet __________ that our life depends on foods and clothing.
A.the earth lay B.the earth lies C.lies the earth D.does the earth lie
7.Along the campus ring road in our school __________ many gingko trees.
A.stands B.are standing C.is standing D.stand
8.He ________the paper carefully.(折叠)
A.folded B.unfolded C.flooded D.flavored
9.It was the first time that he _________ Xiong’an New Area and was so impressed by its fast development.
A.have visited B.visited C.had visited D.would visit
10.Nowadays the growth of food delivery apps in China ______ the country with takeout containers and plastic bags.
A.have drowned B.has been drowned C.is drowning D.are drowned
11.—Why was Professor Johnson unhappy those days?
—The only reason was that the theory he stuck to ______ wrong.
A.prove B.proved C.proving D.being proved
12.The number of firms selling computers in those regions over the last few years.
A.are falling B.have fallen C.has fallen D.is falling
13.—Haven’t you handed in your composition yet?
—Yes. I on it for twenty five minutes.
A.had worked B.am working C.would work D.worked
14.As you know, the English teacher has just returned from her study trip in QUT, Australia, where she________for two months.
A.stayed B.has stayed C.had stayed D.was staying
15.—Sandy, could you repeat the answer to this difficult question?
—Sorry, Miss Chen. I ________ something else then.
A.am thinking of B.thought of C.had thought of D.was thinking of
16.Growing up with a British father and a Chinese mother, I _________ food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork and chopsticks.
A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.have enjoyed D.had enjoyed
17.Since humankind started gardening, we ________ to make our environment more beautiful.
A.try B.are trying C.will try D.have been trying
18.Michelle had planned to visit her grandson last month, but an emergency ________ and she had to reschedule.
A.should come up B.had come up C.came up D.would come up
19.After graduating from university, Zhang Han went to the UK, where she economics for a whole year.
A.studied B.has studied C.had studied D.would study
20.I________to finish the novel borrowed from a friend of mine, but I couldn’t manage it.
A.had hoped B.am hoping C.have hoped D.would hope
21.I advised that he ________ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ________ quite well then.
A.was sent; felt B.be sent; was feeling
C.be sent; feel D.should be sent; should feel
22.—I am sure he will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He for it for months.
A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.had been preparing D.has been preparing
23.—Do you know if he ________ to play basketball with us?
—I think he will come if he ________ free tomorrow.
A.comes; is B.comes; will come C.will come; is D.will come; will come
24.— How much do you know about the mysterious virus?
— We _______ for three months with no results.
A.are researching B.had researched
C.have been researching D.researched
25.—What’s the problem, Sir?
—You________ at least at a speed of about 100 miles per hour.
A.are driving B.had driven C.were driving D.have been driving
26.—Do you know Russian?
—Yes, I ______ it for two years when I lived in Harbin.
A.has been learning B.have learned
C.was learning D.learned
27.—Long time no see. What ________?
—Actually, I’ve changed various jobs since graduation. I’m working for a large enterprise.
A.have you done B.were you doing
C.did you do D.have you been doing
28.—You should have fed the birds yesterday. —Sorry, I ________all about it.
A.was forgotten B.have forgotten C.forgot D.forget
29.To be frank, if it were not for the fact that you ________a reliable person, I would not take such pains to help you.
A.were B.are C.had been D.have been
30.Linda couldn’t have answered the question so easily if she ________ a few books on world history before hand.
A.hadn’t read B.hasn’t read C.wouldn’t have read D.didn’t read
31.If only I ________ an umbrella last night! I was wet through.
A.took B.should take C.had taken D.take
32.---The museum is only five minutes’ walk! We should have walked there.
---Yes, a taxi ________ necessary at all.
A.wasn’t B.isn’t C.hadn’t been D.won’t be
33.She might have been in time for the interview, but she ________up late.
A.got B.has got C.was to get D.had got
34.The professor insisted that his solution________more practical and that we________it into practice as soon as possible.
A.was; put B.was; must put C.should be; put D.should be; put
35.He would have written the manager a letter to express his thanks this morning, but he ________.
A.was busy B.is busy C.had been busy D.will be busy
36.My sister’s pale face suggested that she ________seriously ill, and my parents suggested that she ________ to see the doctor immediately.
A.was; go B.were; go C.be; went D.was; went
37.Some animals are in danger of dying out, so it is high time that the government ________ some measures to protect endangered animals.
A.take B.took C.has taken D.will take
38.—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry, but then I ______ to Beijing. How about five?
A.be flying B.will have flown C.will fly D.will be flown
39.The musician along with his band members ______ ten performances in the last three months.
A.have given B.will give C.gave D.has given
40.I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
A.had hoped B.have hoped C.hope D.am hoping
41.When he first appeared on the stage, no one knew that he ________ famous in the future.
A.was to be B.will be C.was going to be D.was
42.—Oh. No! It ________ on end for a week!
—Well, the radio just said it would not stop until next Tuesday.
A.is raining B.had rained C.has been raining D.had been raining
43.In less than 3 months, the world ________ the Asian Games.
A.was watching B.watched
C.will be watching D.has been watching
44.Joseph ________ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Japanese.
A.went B.was going C.has been going D.is going
45.By the time the famous pianist turns thirty, he ________ the piano for more than twenty years.
A.will have been playing B.will play
C.has been playing D.plays
46.He took up the post of general manager, little knowing how this appointment ________ his life.
A.has changed B.changed C.would change D.change
47.Yesterday, I ________ the subway home when I suddenly found I was on the wrong line.
A.took B.was taking C.had taken
48.I have a lot of work to do, because I ________ tomorrow.
A.leave B.am leaving C.would leave D.leaving
49.Mum ________ Dad’s phone to take photos of the colourful little houses along the coast ________we saw something amazing—a killer whale!
A.was using, when B.being used, which
C.was used, when D.is using, that
50.Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail ________all day. Could you speak to him now?
A.was phoned B.has been phoned C.is phoning D.has been phoning
【参考答案】
1.B
【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意:立即将伤者送往医院的命令被证明是明智的。分析句子结构可知,名词command后为同位语从句,that从句常用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气,should可省略。主句陈述过去事实,用一般过去时。动词prove为系动词,无被动语态。故选B。
2.B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:很难以插上话。每个人都非常兴奋地谈论着这部话剧。根据语境可知,此处应用过去进行时,表示过去正在进行的动作或是非常激烈的状态。故选B。
3.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:——我能今天下午2点回电话给您吗?——对不起,那个时候我正坐在飞往北京的飞机上,5点钟行吗?根据时间状语“at two o’clock this afternoon”以及答语中“then”可知,此处表示将来某个时间点正在发生的动作,应用将来进行时。故选A项。
4.A
【详解】考查部分倒装。句意:这对夫妻经常吵架,以至于他们的婚姻最终破裂。分析句意可知,此句包含了so+adv+that表示“如此以至于”的含义,该结构用于句首时,主句需要使用部分倒装,将助动词放在主语之前。选项C和D将谓语动词提前为全部倒装,不符合语法要求;本句提供的结果状语从句为一般过去时,故主句也需要使用一般过去时,选项B的助动词为does,一般现在时;选项A为did,一般过去时。故选A项。
5.D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我从来没有见过杭州这样美妙的地方。分析句子结构可知,否定词位于句首时,句子使用部分倒装结构,即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词提前到主语前面,结合句意可知,此处描述的是现在的情况,应使用现在完成时态,故将have放在主语I的前面。故选D项。
6.C
【详解】考查倒装句。句意:我们脚下是大地,我们的生活依赖于食物和衣服。分析句子结构可知,表示方位的介词短语位于句首时,句子使用全部倒装,结合句意和从句中的谓语depends可知,该句应使用一般现在时态,所以将主语the earth和谓语lies交换位置。故选C项。
7.D
【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意:在我们学校的校园环路上,矗立着许多银杏树。分析句子结构可知,表方位的介词短语位于句首,句子用全部倒装,即将主语和谓语置换位置,结合句意可知,此处描述的是学校现在的状态,所以使用一般现在时态,主语是复数 trees,所以谓语动词使用动词原形stand。故选D项。
8.A
【详解】考查时态及动词词义的辨析。句意:他小心地把纸折叠起来。A.fold折叠;B. unfold 展开,打开;C. flood淹没;D. flavor 给……调味。分析可知空格处是句子的谓语,根据汉语提示,可知此处用单词“fold”,根据语境可知此处描述过去的动作,用一般过去时。故选A。
9.C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:这是他第一次来到雄安新区,新区的快速发展给他留下了深刻印象。固定句型It +be+the +序数词+time+that(某人第几次做某事)可知,若be动词为was时,从句的动词用过去完成时。故选C。
10.C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:如今,中国外卖应用程序的增长正在用外卖容器和塑料袋淹没这个国家。分析句意可知,空格处填写谓语动词drown“淹没”的某种形式;根据时间状语nowadays“现在”可知用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,且谓语动词和主语the growth of food delivery apps“外卖应用程序的增长”为主谓关系,用主动语态即可;选项A为现在完成时,选项B为现在完成时的被动形式,选项C为现在进行时,选项D为一般现在时的被动形式。故选C项。
11.B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——为什么Johnson教授那些日子不高兴?——唯一的理由是他坚持的理论证明是错的。he stuck to是定语从句,that表语从句中缺少谓语动词,排除C、D项,根据语境,事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时态,排除A项,故选B项。
12.C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:过去几年,在那些地区销售电脑的公司数量有所下降。根据时间状语over the last few years可知,句子应用现在完成时,the number of表示“……的数量”,作句子主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,即has fallen。故选C项。
13.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:——你的作文还没交吗?——交了。我写了25分钟。根据答语可知,作文已经交了,因此“写了25分钟”是陈述过去的事实,用一般过去时。故选D。
14.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:正如你所知道的,英语老师刚刚从澳大利亚的QUT游学回来,她在那里呆了两个月。根据语境可知,空格处所在的句子描述的是过去发生的事情,时态用一般过去时,因此空格处用过去式,故选A。
15.D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——桑迪,你能重复一下这个难题的答案吗?——对不起,陈老师。我当时在想别的事。根据句意及空后then可知,此处陈述过去正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。故选D。
16.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:与英国父亲和中国母亲一起长大. 自从我能够握住刀叉和筷子以来,我就一直享用着这两个国家的美食。根据句意可知,ever since 意为“自从……以来,”,需要接用现在完成式。本句是从过去到现在一直,故用现在完成式。故选C项。
17.D
【详解】考查谓语动词时态。句意:自从人类开始有园林艺术,我们就一直努力让环境更美。分析句子结构和意思可知,句子有时间状语“Since the time humankind started gardening”,所以谓语动词用现在完成进行时,说明“我们努力让环境更美”的行为从过去一直持续到现在,还有可能延续到将来。故选D。
18.C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:米歇尔原本计划上个月去看她的孙子,但突然发生了紧急情况,她不得不重新安排。分析句子结构可知可知,本句是but和and引导的并列句,所以空处应填谓语动词,再根据后文的had to可知,应该保持时态一致,应也用一般过去时。故选C项。
19.A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:大学毕业后,张涵去了英国,在那里她学习了整整一年的经济学。分析句子结构可知,本句是where引导的非限制性定语从句,从句部分缺少谓语动词,根据句意可知,此处指她去了英国之后,在英国学了一年的经济学,叙述过去发生的事情。所以用一般过去时。故选A项。
20.A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:我本想读完那本从朋友那里借来的小说,但我没能完成。设空处在句中作谓语,根据句意可知,此处表示过去曾打算读完那本小说,但未能实现,应用过去完成时时态had done结构。think、hope、want、plan、intend、mean等用过去完成时来表示过去未能实现的打算、意愿、想法、意图等。故选A项。
21.B
【详解】考查宾语从句、虚拟语气和时态。句意:我建议他立马被送到医院去,但是他坚持说他那时感觉很好。分析句子结构和意思可知,第一个空是advised后面的宾语从句的谓语动词,advise是“建议”的意思,从句谓语要用should do的虚拟语气结构,should可以省略,从句主语he和谓语动词send是被动关系,要用被动结构(should) be done;第二个空是insisted后面的宾语从句的谓语动词,insisted是“坚持说”的意思,从句谓语要用真实的时态,句中有时间状语then,谓语要用过去进行时,主语是he,be动词用was。故选B。
22.D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——我相信他会在决赛中获得第一名。——我想是的。他为此准备了好几个月。根据时间状语“for months”可知,此处表示prepare这个动作从过去开始持续到现在并将持续下去,使用现在完成进行时,其基本构成形式是have/has been doing。故选D。
23.C
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:——你知道他是否会来和我们一起打篮球吗?——如果他明天有空,我想他会来的。A.comes来; is是;B.comes来; will come来;C.will come来; is是;D.will come来; will come来。分析题意可知,问句中的if作“是否”解,引导宾语从句,此处指“会来和我们一起打篮球”,故从句的谓语动词用一般将来时;而答语中的if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。英语中,在时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时时,状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,在其他从句中无此用法,故本题应选C。
24.C
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意:——你对神秘病毒了解多少?——我们研究了三个月,没有结果。这里用现在完成进行时,表达研究早已开始,一直持续到现在,没有结果,还会继续下去。故选C项。
25.C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:——怎么了,先生?——你刚刚至少以每小时100英里的速度行驶。结合语境可知,此处描述过去某个时间点正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。故选C。
26.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:——你懂俄语吗?——是的,我在哈尔滨的时候学了两年了。根据when引导的时间状语从句可知,这是描述过去的事实,所以学习了两年俄语也是过去的事实,所以用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。故选D。
27.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:——好久不见了。你一直在做什么?——事实上,毕业后我换了很多工作。我现在一家大企业工作。对方问另一方“从过去到现在一直在做什么”强调动作的延续性,用现在完成进行时,故选D项。
28.C
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意:——你昨天就应该喂鸟。——对不起,我完全忘记了。结合语境“忘记喂鸟”这个动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时。故选C项。
29.B
【详解】考查时态。句意:坦率地说,如果不是因为你是一个可靠的人,我不会花这么大力气来帮助你。结合语境可知,虽然if it were not for the fact是虚拟语气,但是that从句“你是可靠的”是现在的客观事实,故用一般现在时。故选B项。
30.A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果琳达没有预先读过几本关于世界历史的书,她就不能这么轻易地回答这个问题了。由句意和上文的couldn't have answered可知,此处是if引导的非真实条件句,表示与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时。故选A。
31.C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:要是我昨晚带把伞就好了!我全身都湿透了。If only表示“要是……就好了”,这里表示与过去事实相反,应用过去完成时,因此空格处是had taken,故选C。
32.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:——博物馆只有五分钟的步行路程!我们本应该走着去的。——是的,根本不需要出租车。陈述过去事实,所以用一般过去时。故选A。
33.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:她本可以及时参加面试,但她起晚了。根据句意以及句中的might have been可知,“她本可以及时参加面试”是对过去情况的假设,but后的句子陈述的是过去的客观事实,故用一般过去时。故选A。
34.A
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语态。句意:教授坚认为他的解决方案更实用,并坚持我们应尽快付诸实践。结合句意,第一空insist表示“坚持说”,主句为一般过去时,其后宾语从句也用一般过去时;第二空insist表示“坚持认为”,其后宾语从句应用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省,故选A。
35.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:他本打算今天上午给经理写信表示感谢,但他太忙了。根据句意和句中的this morning可知,本句前半部分是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,but后面是过去的客观事实,故用一般过去时。故选A项。
36.A
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:我妹妹苍白的脸色表明她病得很重,我父母建议她马上去看医生。suggest表示“暗示,表明”,后接从句应用陈述语气。陈述过去事实,用一般过去时;表示“建议”时,从句用should+动词原形,should可省。故选A。
37.B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:一些动物有灭绝的危险,所以是时候采取一些措施来保护濒危动物了。It is high time that....表示“是该做某事的时候了”,从句谓语用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”,should不能省略,因此空格处是took,故选B。
38.B
【详解】考查时态。句意:——今天下午两点我给你回电话好吗?——我很抱歉,但那时我已经飞到北京了。5点怎么样?根据上文I’m sorry, but then可知,表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响,应用将来完成时。故选B。
39.D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里进行了十场演出。根据后文in the last three months可知用现在完成时,且along with练级两个主语时,谓语动词应和前面的主语保持一致,句中谓语与The musician保持一致,the musician为单数,助动词have用三单形式has。故选D。
40.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:我本想送一份礼物给彼得,祝贺他结婚,但我没有送。hope发生在couldn’t manage之前,即过去的过去,应用过去完成时,had hoped “本希望做某事”。故选A项。
41.A
【详解】考查过去将来时。句意:当他第一次出现在舞台上时,没有人知道他将来会出名。提示词appeared表明动作发生在过去,所以排除B选项。结合in the future和句意可知,空格处是过去将来时,表示“没有人知道他将来会出名”,所以排除D选项。be to do表示“注定发生”,而be going to do强调计划性,此处表示注定要发生并未强调任何计划或打算,应用A选项was to be表示“过去将要……”。故选A。
42.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:——哦,不! 雨已经连续下了一个星期了! ——嗯,收音机刚刚说要到下周二才会停。根据句意可知,下雨是从一周前开始下一直持续到现在,而且下到下周二。动作从过去开始,持续到现在,而且继续持续下去,应为现在完成进行时。故选C。
43.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:要不了三个月,全世界都将观看亚运会。根据句意和时间状语“In less than 3 months”可知,句中描述的是将来某个时间正在发生的事情,应使用将来进行时will be doing。故选C项。
44.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:彼得从上个月就开始去上夜课,但是他仍然不能用日语说“你叫什么名字?”。根据语境和since判断此处强调动作从过去开始持续到现在,且有可能继续持续,应用现在完成进行时,主语Joseph是第三人称单数,助动词用has。故选C。
45.A
【详解】考查时态。句意:到这位著名钢琴家三十岁的时候,他就已经弹钢琴二十多年了。根据时间状语“By the time the famous pianist turns thirty”可知,此处表示从现在到将来的某个时间段内一直在做某事,没有停止过,所以用将来完成进行时。故选A。
46.C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:他就任总经理一职,却不知道这一任命将如何改变他的生活。A. has changed已经改变;B. changed改变了;C. would change将会改变;D. change改变。由前文的little knowing以及语意可知,他对这一任命将会带来什么改变并不了解,再结合前文使用了一般过去时可知,此处应用过去将来时。故选C项。
47.B
【详解】考查时态。句意:昨天,我坐地铁回家时,突然发现我走错了线。when引导的时间状语从句表达的是过去的一个时间点,而主句表示的是在过去某个时间点正在做的事情,应该用过去进行时,过去进行时的结构为was/were+v.-ing。故选B。
48.B
【详解】考查时态。句意:我有很多工作要做,因为我明天就要走了。空处为句子的谓语,由tomorrow可知时态用一般将来时,结合句意可知,此处可用现在进行时表示将来,表示一个在最近按计划或打算要进行的动作,故选B。
49.A
【详解】考查固定句型,时态和状语从句。句意:妈妈正在用爸爸的手机给沿着海岸的五颜六色的小房子拍照,这时我们看到了令人惊奇的东西——一头虎鲸!根据句意可知,“Mum ________ Dad’s phone to take photos of the colourful little houses along the coast”和“we saw something amazing—a killer whale”是同时发生的,用固定句型“be doing...when...”,由saw可知,句子时态是一般过去时,主语Mum是第三人称单数,因此第一空是was using,第二空是when,故选A。
50.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:对不起,Ellen夫人,《每日邮报》的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以跟他讲话吗?根据句意可知,动词phone和主语“a journalist from the Daily Mail”之间是主动关系,故排除A和B项,结合句意,根据时间状语all day,此处应用现在完成进行时,表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去,基本结构为“have/has been doing”,主语“a journalist”是单数,因此空格处是has been phoning。故选D。
【真题实战】
单句填空
1. (2022高考全国卷Ⅰ) The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe -- the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess--_____(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2. (2022高考全国卷II) This is why decorating with plans, fruits and flowers _____(carry) special significance.
3. (2022·高考全国卷Ⅰ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
4. (2022·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
5. (2022·高考全国卷II ) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years.
6. (2019·高考浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
7. (2018·高考全国卷I ) Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
8. (2018·高考全国卷II ) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.
9. (2017·高考全国卷II ) Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
10. (2020·天津高考)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It's because I ________ (practise) a lot these days.
【答案】:1. touched 2. carries 3.have reported 4.are 5.have made 6.will have/has 7.has grown 8.started 9.were used 10.have been practising
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