2022-2023学年辽宁省阜新市第二中学高三年级1月月考英语试卷（Word版含答案）

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这是一份2022-2023学年辽宁省阜新市第二中学高三年级1月月考英语试卷（Word版含答案），共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，邀请信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年辽宁省阜新市第二中学
高三年级1月月考英语试卷
总分120分考试时间120分钟
一、阅读理解（共30分）
For those who are keen to explore natural wonders and cultural heritage sites and to pursue (追求) the passion of local people for ice and snow in Jilin province, now it is the time to go there.
Rime observation
Compared with rime (雾凇)in other regions of China, rime in Jilin city is unique (独特的) because it is thick and crystal clear. A toothpick-thick tree branch can be covered in frost as thick as an adult's thumb. The best time to observe is at 6-10am between November and February.
Winter fishing
Chagan Lake is one of the top 10 largest freshwater lakes in China. It covers more than500 square kilometers. Winter fishing on Chagan Lake is an ancient tradition that dates back to the Liao Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. It was listed as a national-level intangible (无形的) cultural heritage item in 2008.
Hot springs
For those who want to feel warm in winter in Jilin province, Changbai Mountains area could be the best place to visit. The region, formed after a volcanic eruption in ancient times, holds hundreds of hot springs with an average temperature above 60℃.The hot springs are said to be good for health because of their stable flow, constant temperature and mineral-rich water.
1．What makes rime special in Jilin city?
A．Its observation time. B．Its thickness and clearness.
C．Its unique tree branches. D．Its fame as a cultural heritage.
2．What do we know about Chagan Lake?
A．It formed in the Liao Dynasty.
B．It covers less than 500 square kilometers.
C．It is the 10th largest saltwater lake in China
D．It is one national non-material cultural heritage
3．Why is Changbai Mountains area worth a visit in winter?
A．Because of hot springs. B．Because of the volcano.
C．Because of the rime. D．Because of winter fishing
4．In which section of newspaper can you probably read this passage?
A．Technology. B．Business. C．Travel. D．Art

Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your dreams become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably finish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the deadline.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree (硕士学位) in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid,” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls (光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who work in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was about $ 800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts from a junk yard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $ 25 instead of $ 800.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
5．What can we learn about the author’s children?
A．His daughter does better in school. B．His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C．His son tried hard to finish homework. D．His son couldn’t write his book reports.
6．The author let his son repair the car because he believed that _______.
A．His son had the ability to fix it B．it would save him much time
C．it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D．other motorheads would come to help
7．In which of the following sentence does the word “clone” have the same meaning as the one underlined in the first paragraph?
A．Mitalipov, senior author on the paper, laughs when asked if he wants to clone a person.
B．Tom was in some ways a younger clone of his handsome brother.
C．Some scientists wish to create the world’s first human clone.
D．To make a clone, you need to first take an egg and remove all of its genetic material.
8．What did the author realize in the end?
A．It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B．It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C．Architects play a more important role than builders.
D．Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.

Israeli and Russian astronaut scientists grew the small piece of beef from cells while going aboard the International Space Station, 400 km above the Earth's surface. Cells from cattle were harvested on our planet and brought to the space station where they were grown into meat using a special 3D printer.
The experiment was run on September 26 within the Russian part of the space station and organized by Aleph Farms, a beef company on Earth.
Researchers said the project was aimed to show how lab-grown meat can be cultivated （培养）in hard conditions with minimal equipment. The technique they developed could be used to provide astronauts with hamburgers in the future.
“We are proving that cultivated meat can be produced anytime, anywhere and in any conditions said Aleph Farms' boss Didier Toubia. “We can provide a powerful solution to produce the food closer to the population's needs, at the exact and right time it is needed.
To grow the meat, scientists copied the natural process of muscle cells' regeneration occurring inside the body of cattle. It required the use of a 3D bioprinter, which sticks live cells together to create something looking like real meat.
Lab-grown meat looks and tastes like the real thing, but it is produced without the need for lots of water, feed or land for animals and without the need to kill them.
“In space, we don't have 10, 000 or 15, 000 liters of water to produce I kg of beef," Mr Toubia said. “This joint experiment marks an important step toward realizing our dream of making food safe for generations to come, while protecting our natural resources.
9．What is the purpose of the project of growing beef in space?
A．To invent a 3D printer.
B．To show hard conditions in space.
C．To grow more plants in space.
D．To cultivate lab-grown meat for astronauts.
10．What makes lab-grown meat different from natural meat on Earth?
A．Its taste is better. B．It is healthier.
C．It comes from best animals. D．It consumes less energy.
11．What is Mr Toubia's attitude to the joint experiment?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Worried.
12．What problem does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How do astronauts eat in space?
B．Do plants need less water in space?
C．Are space hamburgers becoming real?
D．Is beef easier to store in space?

A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself). For example, Canadian scientists found that sixth-grade students who were more physically active had considerably higher levels of self-esteem. A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where participation in school sport was found to be greatly associated with self-esteem.
There seems little doubt that part of the potency (潜能) of sports lies in their social setting. There are a lot of facts showing the importance of social connectedness (关联性) for healthy child and teenager development, and sports offer a popular and engaging setting for social interactions. Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.
But, the social setting of sports can exclude as well as include. There is now evidence that boys’ and girls’ experiences of sports can be very different, and this can affect the contribution they can make to the self-esteem of players. Peer acceptance seems to be an important factor in determining the relationship between sport participation and self-esteem, and girls can be particularly sensitive to negative judgments. And studies have found that many ‘girly’ boys and girls benefit most from non-competitive physical activities.
So, a note of caution ought to be sounded in case sports are considered to be a cure. Much of the literature on the most positive psychological (心理的) outcomes associated with childhood and youth sports stress the absolute importance of positive experiences. It will surprise no one that bullying, excluding or abuse experiences will harm, rather than support the development of self-esteem, and well-being in general. Sadly, it will also not be a shock to learn that many children’s introductions to sports are far from improving the quality of life.
The great developmental psychologist Jean Piaget argued that the foundations of self-esteem were laid between the ages of about 6 and 11 years of age. Importantly, this is also the time when children are most likely to be introduced to sports. We should know the importance of positive early sporting experiences for the development of both self-esteem and on-going participation in sports and other physical activities. Teachers, coaches, and parents have a responsibility to ensure that these experiences ‘catch’ as many children as possible, and for this to happen they need to remember ‘the principles of child development’: Children are not mini-adults.
Problems arise when adults forget these principles, and kid themselves into thinking that they are coaching future Olympians or Super stars. Unluckily, evidence suggests that talented children are most likely to stand out when they are given time to develop, to play, and to remain children.
Children are not miniature adults, and their enjoyment of sports (and their self-esteem) can suffer when adults forget this!
13．Studies in Switzerland and Latino showed teenagers who often join in sports _____.
A．build self-esteem earlier
B．have more good experiences
C．are more sensitive to judgments
D．are healthier both physically and mentally
14．In general, the author’s attitude toward the influence of sports on teenagers is _____.
A．positive B．critical
C．uncertain D．tolerant
15．According to the author, when children take part in sports, they _____.
A．will be happier about their lives
B．are more likely to be attracted by competitive sports
C．should be treated by coaches and parents as super stars
D．will build self-esteem if given positive comment and support
16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Children Should Take Part in Sports
B．Sports Offer You a Better Teenage Life
C．Sports Experience and Building Self-Esteem
D．People Should Treat Teenagers Like Miniature Adults

二、七选五（共10分）
With time and experience, most adults know that not getting enough sleep can be harmful to us. Too bad, teens don’t see that connection so clearly. It’s up to parents to convey the importance of sleeping enough. ___17___
Play up the positives. Sometimes it helps to point out the benefits that come with changing behavior. In this case, not only will quality sleep help teens focus better in school and feel happier overall, it can improve the appearance of their skin.___18___
Lay stress on consistency. A lot of teenagers, and even grownups, think they can spend less time on shuteye during the week if they make up for it on the weekend. Not true. An extra hour or two of sleep on Saturday and Sunday can do us more harm than good. ___19___As a result, it is hard to fall asleep at the appropriate time on Sunday evening.
Give the hard facts. ___20___That’s why it’s so important to explain what it feels like to be too tired to get behind the wheel. Promise your teen that he can always call you to pick him up no matter where he is or what time it is, if he’s too sleepy to drive.
___21___Sleep isn’t as fun as texting with friends and it seems less necessary than cramming for an exam. Help your teen view sleep as a priority (优先事项) by making it one in your own life as well. Set up a family charging station for electronic devices outside of the bedrooms, so phones can be powered up overnight without tempting (引诱) anyone to check messages. Leave your own devices there when you go to bed. Rarely is anything so important that it can’t wait until after a good night’s sleep.
A．Lead by example.
B．Set aside quality family time.
C．These four tips will show you how.
D．It disturbs a person's internal body clock.
E．It is important for us to realize the importance of a good sleep.
F．It's reported that one out of five traffic accidents involves a sleepy driver.
G．It also keeps them from getting sick and helps them keep a healthy weight.

三、完形填空（共30分）
Though Armenia isn’t exactly ready for groups of foreign hikers, the country rewards those who make the effort. When my son recently finished graduate school, I seized the____22____to spend a week hiking____23____him in my own father’s homeland. Not long ago, no outsider would have considered such a____24____through the former Soviet Republic. But we____25____the paths with hikers from Australia, Canada, England and France,____26____we left hoping to return.
Armenia isn’t for every____27____. “You often will not find marked trail heads, and if you find a map, it will____28____be written in Armenian — which doesn’t____29____the Latin alphabet.” We couldn’t find a guide until we arrived in the country, and then we had to____30____. After spending a day in Armenia’s capital, Yerevan, we visited the Dilijan National park. In the forested national park, we_____31_____, the ruins of a 1,000-year-old monastery (修道院)_____32_____in a mountain top clearing. That_____33_____me of the people who hiked to the site to_____34_____when it was built. “It seemed such a very different_____35_____from driving to a church parking lot these days.”
Marc and I never did reach the summit (山顶) of Aragats, Armenia’s_____36_____mountain. That would have_____37_____the climbers to cover 6,000 feet in one day. and when a storm_____38_____, we settled on the mountain’s secondary peak._____39_____so, “we weren’t disappointed.” A mountain doesn’t always_____40_____to a climber’s first attempt, and a country doesn’t reveal all its treasures in a week. Our adventure, we know, had “only scratched the_____41_____.”
22．A．control B．power C．opportunity D．initiative
23．A．without B．for C．about D．with
24．A．chance B．trip C．job D．moment
25．A．crossed B．made C．blocked D．searched
26．A．so B．or C．but D．and
27．A．adventurer B．cyclist C．climber D．foreigner
28．A．strictly B．hardly C．probably D．mainly
29．A．use B．take C．adapt D．master
30．A．go around B．look around C．gather around D．ask around
31．A．came up B．came across C．came over D．came about
32．A．waiting B．sleeping C．sitting D．waving
33．A．cured B．reminded C．warned D．robbed
34．A．pray B．live C．study D．survey
35．A．life B．experience C．account D．custom
36．A．steepest B．highest C．shortest D．largest
37．A．forced B．enabled C．caused D．required
38．A．signaled B．promised C．passed D．threatened
39．A．Quite B．Yet C．Even D．Still
40．A．give up B．give away C．give in D．give out
41．A．surface B．line C．site D．spot

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文（共15分）
语法填空
On a diet? Then consider sitting by the window the next time you eat out.
The researchers measured and mapped ___42___ design of each restaurant and then used meal checks ___43___ (track) what diners ordered and how it related to where they sat.
The results were telling: people sitting ___44___ (far) from the front door ate the fewest salads and ___45___ (be) 73 percent more likely to order dessert. Those ___46___ (seat) at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it, ___47___ diners sitting at high top bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts.
The darker it is, the more “invisible” you might feel, the less easy ___48___ is to see how much you’re eating and the less guilty you might feel. Seeing the sunlight, ___49___ (passer-by) or trees outside might make you more aware ___50___ how you look, might make you think about walking or might inspire you to choose a green salad.
The researchers also noted that slim diners chewed around 15 times per mouthful, three chews more than heavier dinner. By eating more slowly, the diner spends less time it ____51____ (take) for the brain to feel full.

五、邀请信（共15分）
52．假定你是新华中学的学生李华，本周六你班同学打算举行一次登山活动。请用英文给外教 David写一封信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下：、
1.集合时间与地点：8：00,校门口；
2.携带物品：食物、水、相机等；
3.返回时间：下午两点；
4.登山的益处。
注意:词数100左右。
Dear David,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

六、读后续写（共20分）
53．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Catherine was the coolest kid in her class. Wherever she went, she was in the spotlight, with a bunch of kids following her and doing everything she did.
Her deskmate, Landy, however, was not in the cool kids’ group. Being the tallest kid in her class, she was laughed at by her classmates, who were always chanting(唱起……歌) “Landy, Landy, long as spaghetti(意大利面)”.
Catherine didn’t really like it when the kids chanted “Landy, Landy, long as spaghetti”. But she never told them to stop either, and nor did she ever talk to her. She liked being popular.
One weekend, Catherine went over to visit her grandfather. Her grandfather lives on a farm, where he keeps chickens. While helping to feed the chickens, Catherine noticed a special one. Hidden in the corner, it looked smaller than the others and was almost half-bare!
“What’s the matter with it?” She asked her grandfather, with a puzzled frown on her face. Her grandfather told her how chickens could act. “They have a pecking(啄) order,” he explained, wrinkles of concern spreading around his forehead. “If one chicken is different, the others will push it away and keep pecking it. Sometimes they peck it so much that it dies.”
“Oh, what a poor little thing!” Catherine let out a sigh as she picked the frightened chicken up in her arms, whose heart was beating fast in the bony little body. Suddenly, she thought of Landy, the girl being “pecked” by her classmates. “I’m going to take it home and take good care of it,” she said with a determined look.
Back in school, Catherine told the cool kids about the chicken. “It’s looking healthy,” she said proudly. “It’s fatter and its feathers are growing. Even the cat likes it. She carries it around, and...” Everyone was entertained by Catherine’s story of her lovely chicken, laughter spreading around the classroom.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Catherine spotted Landy seated alone in a corner.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But Catherine walked toward Landy, no matter what they said.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析：
1．B    2．D    3．A    4．C

【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了吉林三个很有特色的旅游景点。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Compared with rime(雾凇)in other regions of China, rime in Jilin city is unique(独特的) because it is thick and crystal clear. (与中国其他地区的雾凇相比，吉林市的雾凇是独特的，因为它很厚，而且晶莹剔透。)”可知，吉林市雾凇独特之处在于它很后且晶莹剔透。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“It was listed as a national-level intangible(无形的) cultural heritage item in 2008.( 2008年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产项目。)”可知，查干湖冬捕2008年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产项目。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The hot springs are said to be good for health because of their stable flow, constant temperature and mineral-rich water.( 据说温泉有益健康，因为它水流稳定，温度恒定，水富含矿物质。)”可知，因为长白山的温泉对人身体有好处，所以长白山值得一游。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“For those who are keen to explore natural wonders and cultural heritage sites and to pursue (追求) the passion of local people for ice and snow in Jilin province, now it is the time to go there.( 对于那些渴望探索自然奇观和文化遗产，追求当地人对吉林冰雪的热情的人来说，现在是时候去那里了。)”和文章描述可知，作者通过介绍吉林吉林的三个有特色的景点，希望人们去吉林旅游。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的旅游专栏。故选C。
5．A    6．C    7．B    8．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者一开始希望自己的儿子能效仿他，完成他没有实现的目标。但是他的儿子学习成绩不理想，只上了技校。一次作者的车坏了，儿子和同学帮助作者修好了车，让作者改变了自己的看法。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree (硕士学位) in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.(我女儿是一名大学毕业生，正在攻读英语硕士学位。但是乔迪？当他进入十年级时，他成了一名技校学生。他们被其他学生称为“摩托族”)”可推知，作者的女儿比儿子学习好。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.(我对此表示怀疑，但让他修吧，因为我没有什么可失去的)”可知，作者让儿子修车，因为他觉得这不会给他带来损失。故选C。
7．词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词“Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps.(每个男人都希望自己的儿子有点像克隆人，不是在容貌上，而是在脚步上)”可推知，划线词clone并不是真正的克隆人，而是指在某方面相似。再结合选项可知，B项“Tom was in some ways a younger clone of his handsome brother.(汤姆在某些方面和他那英俊的哥哥长得一模一样)”中的clone与第一段中的划线词意思相近。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.(最重要的是，我了解到父亲不需要克隆人的足迹或其他任何地方)”可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。
9．D    10．D    11．A    12．C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空宇航员让在太空实验室培育牛肉成为了一种可能。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段Researchers said the project was aimed to show…The technique they developed could be used to provide astronauts with hamburgers in the future.可知，研究人员说，该项目的目的是展示如何用最少的设备在艰苦的条件下培育实验室培养的肉类。他们开发的这项技术将来可以用来为宇航员提供汉堡包。由此可知，这个实验的目的是为太空宇航员在实验室培育牛肉。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Lab-grown meat looks and tastes like the real thing, but it is produced without the need for lots of water, feed or land for animals and without the need to kill them.可知，实验室培育的肉看起来和吃起来都很像真的肉，但是它的生产不需要大量的水、饲料或土地来喂养动物，也不需要杀死它们。由此可知，实验室培育的肉消耗的能量更少。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段This joint experiment marks an important step toward realizing our dream of making food safe for generations to come, while protecting our natural resources.可知，Toubia认为，这项联合实验标志着我们在保护自然资源的同时，为子孙后代实现食品安全的梦想迈出了重要一步。由此可知，Toubia支持这项联合实验。故选A。
12．推理判断题。阅读文章并根据第一段Cells from cattle were harvested on our planet and brought to the space station where they were grown into meat using a special 3D printer.（在我们的星球上，从牛身上采集的细胞被带到空间站，在那里用一种特殊的3D打印机将它们培育成肉。）和第三段The technique they developed could be used to provide astronauts with hamburgers in the future.（他们开发的这项技术将来可以用来为宇航员提供汉堡。）可知，本文主要讨论的问题是：太空汉堡变成现实了吗?故选C。
13．D    14．A    15．D    16．C

【解析】这是一篇说明了。主要说明了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，并提醒大家发展体育方向要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where participation in school sport was found to be greatly associated with self-esteem.” 瑞士的一项研究发现，参加体育俱乐部的青少年更加健康，包括在社交上有更好的适应能力，不那么焦虑，并且总体上对自己的生活更快乐。在对拉丁裔学生的一项研究中也报告了类似的发现，在该研究中，参加学校运动与自尊有很大关系。可知瑞士和拉丁美洲人的研究表明，经常参加运动的青少年在身心上都更健康。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体育活动可以促进自尊的发展。由此判断出作者对与体育运动对青少年的影响的态度是积极的。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.可知，团队运动的参与与社会接受度和归属感呈正相关，特别是当这种参与以积极的指导、进步的技能发展和同伴支持为特征时。由此判断出，根据作者的观点，当孩子参加体育活动时，如果给予积极的评价和支持，他们会建立自尊。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体育活动可以促进自尊的发展。并结合全文理解可知，文章论述了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，并提醒大家发展体育方向要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。C项Sports Experience and Building Self-Esteem“体育运动经历与自尊心建立”切合文意。故选C项。
17．C    18．G    19．D    20．F    21．A

【解析】本文是说明文。作为一名家长，如何让自己的孩子拥有足够的睡眠呢？对此，作者提出了一些有用的建议。
17．综合全文内容和结构可以看出，本文主要提出了一些建议，关于如何让孩子拥有足够的睡眠。C. These four tips will show you how. “这四条建议将会告诉你如何做”总启下文。故选C。
18．根据第二段内容可以看出，主要讲述足够睡眠给孩子们带来的好处。G. It also keeps them from getting sick and helps them keep a healthy weight.“它还让他们远离疾病，并帮助他们保持健康的体重”，符合语境。故选G。
19．根据空前的An extra hour or two of sleep on Saturday and Sunday can do us more harm than good.本段讲述星期一到星期五不按时睡觉而在周末补觉所带来的恶果。D项“它打扰一个人的生物钟”在逻辑上与前后内容一致。故选D。
20．根据空后的That’s why it’s so important to explain what it feels like to be too tired to get behind the wheel. 可知，这就是为什么解释疲劳驾驶的感觉是如此重要的原因。选项承接下文。故 F项“据报道，五分之一的交通事故与司机犯困有关。”符合语境。故选F。
21．本空位于段首。根据后文Set up a family charging station for electronic devices outside of the bedrooms, so phones can be powered up overnight without tempting  anyone to check messages. Leave your own devices there when you go to bed.可知，手机在卧室外充电，这样就免于看手机信息，睡觉时，就把手机放在那里。所以本段大意讲述的是家长要以身作则。故A项“以身作则”为本段的标题。故选A。

22．C    23．D    24．B    25．A    26．D    27．A    28．C    29．A    30．D    31．B    32．C    33．B    34．A    35．B    36．B    37．D    38．D    39．C    40．C    41．A

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者和儿子去亚美尼亚徒步旅行的经历。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子刚从研究生院毕业时，我抓住机会和他一起在我父亲的家乡徒步旅行了一个星期。A. control控制；B. power力量；C. opportunity机会；D. initiative主动权。根据上文“I seized the”可知，此处指抓住“机会（opportunity）”，seize the opportunity“抓住机会”。故选C。
23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子刚从研究生院毕业时，我抓住机会和他一起在我父亲的家乡徒步旅行了一个星期。A. without除了；B. for为了；C. about关于；D. with和。后文him指作者的儿子，故此处指作者和儿子一起徒步旅行。故选D。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在不久以前，没有一个局外人会考虑这样的一次穿越前苏联共和国的旅行。A. chance机会；B. trip旅行；C. job工作；D. moment时刻。结合上文“spend a week hiking…him in my own father’s homeland”可知，此处指作者和儿子的这次徒步旅行。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们和来自澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和法国的徒步旅行者穿过了小路，我们离开后，希望能再回来。A. crossed穿过，越过；B. made制作；C. blocked阻塞；D. searched搜索。根据后文“the paths”可知，此处指横穿小路应用cross。故选A。
26．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我们和来自澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和法国的徒步旅行者穿过了小路，我们离开后，希望能再回来。A. so所以；B. or或者；C. but但是；D. and并且。结合前后文语境可知，此处为并列关系，应用连词and。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚美尼亚并不适合每一个冒险家。A. adventurer冒险家；B. cyclist骑自行车的人；C. climber登山者；D. foreigner外国人。根据最后一段中“Our adventure”可知，作者是外国徒步旅行者，所以此处指亚美尼亚并不适合每一个冒险家。故选A。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你经常找不到有标记的小径头，如果你找到地图，它可能是用亚美尼亚语写的——而不使用拉丁字母。A. strictly严格地；B. hardly几乎不；C. probably可能；D. mainly主要地。结合前后文语境可知，此处表示地图“可能（probably）是用亚美尼亚语写的。”故选C。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你经常找不到有标记的小径头，如果你找到地图，它可能是用亚美尼亚语写的——而不使用拉丁字母。A. use使用；B. take带走；C. adapt适应；D. master掌握。根据后文“the Latin alphabet”可知，地图可能是用亚美尼亚语写的——而不使用拉丁字母，故选A。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们在到达那个国家之前找不到导游，然后我们不得不四处打听。A. go around四处走动；B. look around环顾四周；C. gather around聚集；D. ask around到处打听。根据上文“We couldn’t find a guide”可知，作者他们找不到导游，只能四处打听路。故选D。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在森林覆盖的国家公园里，我们偶然看到位于山顶林间空地上的一座有千年历史的修道院废墟。A. came up走近；B. came across偶遇；C. came over顺便来访；D. came about产生。根据后文“the ruins of a 1,000-year-old monastery”可知，作者他们偶然看到一座修道院的废墟。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在森林覆盖的国家公园里，我们偶然看到位于山顶林间空地上的一座有千年历史的修道院废墟。A. waiting等待；B. sleeping睡觉；C. sitting坐下；D. waving挥动。根据后文“in a mountain top clearing”可知，修道院位于山顶的林间空地，sit表示“位于”。故选C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了在修道院建成时，那些徒步来此祈祷的人们。A. cured治愈；B. reminded使想起，提醒；C. warned警告；D. robbed抢劫。结合后文“me of the people who hiked to the site”可知，修道院让作者想起了修道院建成时，那些徒步来此祈祷的人们。remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起”。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了在修道院建成时，那些徒步来此祈祷的人们。A. pray祈祷；B. live居住；C. study学习；D. survey调查。根据后文“from driving to a church parking lot these days”可知，修道院和教堂功能差不多，人们都是来此祈祷的。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这似乎是一次与如今人们驱车去教堂停车场大为不同的经历。”A. life生活；B. experience经历；C. account账户；D. custom习俗。结合后文“from driving to a church parking lot these days”可知，此处是在将去教堂和来修道院祈祷相比较，来修道院祈祷是一次非常不同的经历。故选B。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马克和我没能登上亚美尼亚最高峰Aragats山的顶峰。A. steepest最陡峭的；B. highest最高的；C. shortest最短的；D. largest最大的。结合后文“mountain”可推知，Aragats山是亚美尼亚最高的山峰。后文“mountain’s secondary peak”也有提示它是亚美尼亚最高的山。故选B。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这将需要登山者在一天内爬6000英尺。A. forced迫使；B. enabled使能够；C. caused造成；D. required需要。根据后文“the climbers to cover 6,000 feet in one day”可知，要登上Aragats山的顶峰，需要登山者在一天内爬6000英尺。故选D。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当风暴威胁到我们时，我们停在了次高峰上。A. signaled以动作向……示意；B. promised承诺；C. passed经过；D. threatened威胁。结合后文作者他们停在了次高峰上可知，是因为一场风暴对他们构成了威胁。故选D。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，“我们并没有失望。”A. Quite很；B. Yet然而；C. Even甚至；D. Still仍然。由上文可知作者他们没有登顶，下文提到他们并不失望，构成转折让步关系，even so“即使如此，虽然如此”符合语境。故选C。
40．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一座山并不总是屈服于登山者的第一次尝试，一个国家也不可能在一周内就展示出它所有的珍宝。A. give up放弃；B. give away赠送；C. give in屈服；D. give out分发。根据后文“to a climber's first attempt”可知，此处为短语give in to sb./sth.“屈服于……”，表示一座山并不总是屈服于登山者的第一次尝试。故选C。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，我们的冒险只是浅尝辄止。A. surface表面；B. line路线；C. site地点；D. spot场地。根据上文“only scratched the”可知，此处为固定短语scratch the surface“浅尝辄止”。故选A。

42．the    43．to track    44．farthest/furthest    45．were    46．seated    47．while/and    48．it    49．passers-by    50．of    51．takes

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员测量并绘制了每家餐厅的设计图，然后使用用餐检查跟踪食客点的菜以及它们与座位的关系，同时研究发现食客口嚼次数与身材有关系。
42．考查介词。句意：研究人员测量并绘制了每家餐厅的设计图，然后使用用餐检查跟踪食客点的菜以及它们与座位的关系。根据后文of each restaurant，可知此处需要特指design（设计），用定冠词the。故填the。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员测量并绘制了每家餐厅的设计图，然后使用用餐检查跟踪食客点的菜以及它们与座位的关系。根据句子结构，此处表目的状语，用不定式短语。故填to track。
44．考查副词最高级。句意：结果表明：坐在离前门最远的地方的人吃的沙拉最少，点甜点的可能性高出73%。根据句意，此处表达“最远的”，farthest/furthest符合题意。故填farthest/furthest。
45．考查动词主谓一致和时态。句意：结果表明：坐在离前门最远的地方的人吃的沙拉最少，点甜点的可能性高出73%。主语为people，结合上句时态，可知此处用be动词的过去复数形式。故填were。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在深色桌子旁的人吃的食物更重，点的也更多，而坐在高顶吧台旁的人点的沙拉更多，甜点更少。解析句子结构，此处作后置定语，修饰前面名词those，表状态，用非谓语动词seated，相当于形容词。故填seated。
47．考查连词。句意：坐在深色桌子旁的人吃的食物更重，点的也更多，而坐在高顶吧台旁的人点的沙拉更多，甜点更少。根据句意可知，前后句意构成对比关系，while然而，表达对比，符合题意。此处也可以用连词and连接并列的句子。故填while/and。
48．考查代词。句意：颜色越暗，你可能感觉越“看不见”，越不容易看到你吃了多少，你可能感觉越不内疚。解析句子结构，句子使用了“the more…the more越来……越……”句型，此处作形式主语，真正的主语为后面不定式短语，用不定代词it。故填it。
49．考查名词短语。句意：看到外面的阳光、路人或树木，可能会让你更清楚自己的长相，可能会让你想到走路，或者可能会激励你选择蔬菜沙拉。根据or trees，可知此处用名词短语复数形式，passers-by路人符合题意。故填passers-by。
50．考查介词。句意：看到外面的阳光、路人或树木，可能会让你更清楚自己的长相，可能会让你想到走路，或者可能会激励你选择蔬菜沙拉。根据句子结构，be aware of意识到，固定搭配，of为介词，此处作宾补，用aware of即可。故填of。
51．考查动词主谓一致和时态。句意：吃得越慢，食客大脑感觉饱的时间就越少。解析句子结构，此句是省略that或which的定语从句。By eating more slowly, the diner spends less time (that/which) it takes for the brain to feel full为完整句子，take在从句作谓语动词，与it保持一致，动词用单数形式，结合spends为一般现在时，takes符合题意。故填takes。
52．Dear David,
The students in our class are going to have a climbing this Saturday. We sincerely invite you to join us. We will gather together at the school gate at 8 p. m. Please bring along what you need, for example, food, water and camera. It is expected that we will come back at 2 p. m.
Of course there are lots of benefits from climbing. First of all, everyone can keep in shape as long as he often practices. What's more, you can certainly relax yourself when you are sweating during the climbing. The pain in body can relieve your tense nerves.
Look forward to your reply.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教 David写一封信，邀请他参加班级的登山活动。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
要求：
1.集合时间与地点：8：00,校门口；
2.携带物品：食物、水、相机等；
3.返回时间：下午两点；
4.登山的益处。
第二步:列提纲（重点词组）
bring along; expect; benefit; as long as; sweat; relieve
第三步：连词成句
1. Please bring along what you need,
2. It is expected that we will come back at 2 p. m.
3. Of course there are lots of benefits from climbing.
4. everyone can keep in shape as long as he often practices.
5. you can certainly relax yourself when you are sweating during the climbing.
6. The pain in body can relieve your tense nerves.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all,
2.表并列补充关系：What is more,
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【注意】[高分句型1] It is expected that we will come back at 2 p. m. (that引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2]you can certainly relax yourself when you are sweating during the climbing. (when引导的时间状语从句)
53．possible version:
Then Catherine spotted Landy seated alone in a corner. She ducked her head with her eyes fixed on the floor as usual. It hit Catherine that the pecking order worked in school, too. Landy was just like the poor little chicken, being teased and ignored by her classmates, merely due to her special height. “It’s high time to do something for a change.” Catherine thought to herself. Having made up her mind, she urged the rest cool kids to make peace with Landy. Astonished at what she said, all the kids burst out screaming, “Talking to the long spaghetti? Are you crazy?”
But Catherine walked directly toward Landy, no matter what they said. “Landy, sorry about the spaghetti thing. I should have realized it earlier. Can you forgive us?” Catherine murmured an apology, her face reddening. She figured Landy might just walk away. But she lifted her misty eyes and nodded yes. Catherine wiped away her tears, giving her a warm hug. Moved by the scene, the other kids also came to offer their sincere apologies to Landy. From that day on, no one made up silly chants about Landy, and Catherine also learned that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.
【导语】本文以班里同学关系为线索展开，讲述了班里最酷的孩子Catherine受到同学众星捧月般的欢迎。而她的同桌Landy却受到冷落，因为她个头最高，同学们给她起了侮辱性的外号“意大利面条”。Catherine在祖父的农场发现一只被其它的鸡欺负的可怜的小鸡，深感同情，从而联想到Landy，意识到大家不应该欺负她，Catherine回到学校后，号召大家团结Landy的故事。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Then Catherine spotted Landy seated alone in a corner.(然后Catherine发现Landy独自坐在角落里。)”可知，第一段描写Catherine发现Landy被冷落的样子而产生的联想，Catherine准备道歉，引起其他同学的惊讶或不满。
②由第二段首句内容“But Catherine walked directly toward Landy, no matter what they said. (Catherine不顾他们说什么径直朝Landy走去。)”可知，第二段描写Catherine主动找Landy道歉，Landy和其他同学深受感动。
2. 续写线索：Catherine看到孤独呆在角落里的Landy——Catherine想到了“受欺凌”的小鸡——Catherine想要改变——Catherine希望大家向Landy道歉——Catherine独自走向Landy并道歉——Landy原谅，彼此拥抱——大家和平相处
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①低下头：duck one’s head/ lower one’s head/ hang one’s head
②使某人突然想到：hit/occur/be stuck
③嘲笑：tease/laugh at/make fun of
④要求：order/urge/request/make/let
⑤拥抱：give sb. a hug/ hug sb./ embrace sb
情绪类
①震惊的：shocked/astonished/amazed/surprised
②疯狂的：crazy/mad
③抱歉的：sorry/ apologetic/ regretful
【注意】[高分句型1]. Having made up her mind, she urged the rest cool kids to make peace with Landy.（现在分词短语“Having made up her mind”作状语）
[高分句型2]. Astonished at what she said, all the kids burst out screaming, “Talking to the long spaghetti? Are you crazy?”（“Astonished at what she said”为形容词短语作状语，和what引导宾语从句）
[高分句型3]. From that day on, no one made up silly chants about Landy, and Catherine also learned that everyone should be treated equally no matter how special he or she was.（that引导宾语从句，和no matter how 引导的让步状语从句）