2022-2023学年福建省宁德市高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年福建省宁德市高三上学期期中英语试卷（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年福建省宁德市高三（上）期中英语试卷
题号
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五
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注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
From prehistoric（史前的）cave paintings to modern-day dog shows，humans' love and fascination for animals has long remained.The following projects show you how humans are working to create a brighter future for animals.
Big Cats Initiative
This has the primary goal of stopping the decline in the population of big cats worldwide since 2009.In Africa，this means ensuring the monitoring and protection of species like lions and cheetahs，whose numbers have declined sharply over the last century.With the Initiative's help，these species will continue to live in their natural habitats，safe from illegal hunting，environmental degradation（恶化），and other human influences.Find it on：Explore Kruger National Park.
Polar Bears International
Climate change has threatened the world's polar bear populations：As the planet warms，these creatures risk losing more of their icy habitat than ever before.This project works to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause the melting of the Arctic sea ice upon which polar bears depend，and to raise awareness about the plight（困境）of this beautiful animal.Find it on：Canadian Polar Bear Experience.
Vembanad Wetlands Conservation Program
Since 2005，the program has worked to protect the habitat of plants and animals in the wetlands of Vembanad Lake in India.The organization also teaches and monitors sustainable fishing practices there；travelers will learn from fishermen how fishing practices are carried out in a way that does no damage to these important waters.Find it on：Iconic India.
Sea Turtle Conservancy
Sea turtles depend on sea grasses.When these grasses die，the turtles are placed at serious risk.This has a cyclical effect：sea grasses，like regular grass on land，depend on regular "mowing" to continue growing，and without turtles to feed on it，the grass itself stops thriving，which threatens hundreds of other species who use sea grasses for shelter.Find it on：Explore Costa Rica.
1. Why was Big Cats Initiative set up？ ______
A. To prevent big cats from illness.
B. To monitor the population of big cats.
C. To protect the endangered big cats.
D. To stop the environment from worsening.
2. Where can visitors practice eco-friendly fishing？ ______
A. In Kruger National Park B. In the Arctic sea.
C. In Vembanad Lake. D. In Costa Rica.
3. Which of the following shows the cyclical effect of sea turtles' extinction？ ______
A. The sea grasses growing better..
B. The ocean's ecosystems breaking down.
C. Most oceanic animals dying out.
D. Some oceanic life having more shelters.
B
I was trained as a gymnast in Hunan，China，in the 1970s.The government wanted to transfer（转学）me to a school for athletes while my parents wanted me to become an engineer，because they firmly believed there was only one sure way to happiness：a safe and well-paid job.
But my dream was to become a Chinese opera singer.Although I tried everything I could to go to opera school，I knew I was too old to be trained and my dream would never come true.
But that's so unfair.So I was determined to find another calling - books.I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei's Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu，found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre，learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen，and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History.
I came to the U.S.in 1995 where I started comparative reading.Comparing and contrasting give scholars a more complete understanding of a topic.So I thought，well，if comparative reading works for research，why not do it in daily life too？So I started reading books in pairs.They can be about people who are involved in the same event - Benjamin Franklin by Walter Isaacson and John Adams by David McCullough，for example，or friends with shared experiences.I also compare the same stories in different genres or similar stories from different cultures，as Joseph Campbell did in his wonderful book The Power of Myth.
Books have given me a magic portal （入口） to connect with people of the past and the present.I have come to believe that coming true is not the only purpose of a dream.Its most important purpose is to get us in touch with where dreams come from，where passion comes from and where happiness comes from.Even a shattered（遭受极大打击的）dream can do that for you.So may books be always with you.
4. What's the purpose of paragraph 1？ ______
A. To provide background information.
B. To list some examples.
C. To make a comparison.
D. To summarize the paragraphs below.
5. From which book did the author get the motivation to study abroad？ ______
A. Fu Lei's Family Letters. B. Jane Eyre.
C. Cheaper by the Dozen. D. Complete Works of Sanmao.
6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about？ ______
A. The future of comparative reading.
B. The concept of comparative reading.
C. The writer's experiences of comparative reading.
D. The writer's achievements of comparative reading.
7. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. How I Chase My Dreams
B. How Books Open My Mind
C. Why I Am Keen on Comparative Reading
D. Why a Shattered Dream Changes My Life
C
A study by the University College London （UCL） has shown that staring at long wavelength light for three minutes every day can significantly improve vision in those aged 40 and above.
Cells in the retina（视网膜）of the eye begin to worsen at around 40 years of age.According to the researchers，the pace of this ageing is caused partly by a decline in the cell mitochondria，whose role is to produce energy and boost cell function.Professor Glen Jeffery of the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology said， "As you age，your visual system declines significantly，particularly once over 40.Your retinal sensitivity and your color vision are both gradually undermined（破坏），and with an ageing population，this is an increasingly important issue."
To try to stop or change this decline，the researchers sought to restart the retina's ageing cells with short bursts of long-wave light.They recruited 24 people，aged between 28 and 72，who had no ocular（眼睛的）disease to take part in their study.The participants were given special LED torches to take home and were asked to gaze into its deep red 670 nm light beam for three minutes a day for two weeks.They were then retested for color vision as well as for vision at low light levels.The ability to detect colors improved by up to 20% in some people aged around 40 and over.But the effect was not seen in younger individuals who were aged below 40.
Scientists believe the discovery could pave the way for new eye therapies that are affordable and can be done by the patient at home.Prof.Jeffery said， "Using simple brief exposure to light wavelengths that recharge the energy system which has declined in the retina cells，is rather like recharging a battery." The technology is simple，safe and very promising.
8. What does Jeffery express in paragraph 2？ ______
A. Age affects the visual system.
B. It's necessary to protect eyesight.
C. The ageing population is now serious.
D. Weak color vision is mainly caused by ageing.
9. What can we know about the study from paragraph 3？ ______
A. Researchers did not get enough data.
B. It aims to improve the vision of the elderly.
C. People's eyesight can be improved by long-wave light.
D. Participants over 40 benefited more from the study.
10. What is the significance of this discovery？ ______
A. It helps people save more electricity.
B. It's practical and has medical value.
C. It saves many aged people with ocular diseases.
D. It's the most effective treatment for vision loss.
11. Where is this text most likely from？ ______
A. A travel guidebook. B. A popular novel.
C. A fashion magazine. D. A health journal.
D
Scientists and engineers are preparing for possible travel into interstellar（星际的）space，the area in between stars，in the distant future.A new report examines the possible problem of changes in language on long space trips.Two American researchers have explored one possible problem with such travel.They considered the possibility that changes in human language could develop over time and lead to major communication problems with people on Earth.
The language experts are professors Andrew McKenzie from the University of Kansas，and Jeffrey Punske of Southern Illinois University.The two recently published a paper，which considers very long trips necessary to reach interstellar space，estimated to be about 18 billion kilometers from Earth.It also examines the possibility of future colonization（殖民地的开拓）of distant stars.
Languages naturally change as communities grow more isolated from each other，the researchers note in the paper.The long of a community could lead to enough differences in language to make it impossible for community members back home to understand."If you're on this spaceship for 10 generations，new concepts and social issues will emerge，and people will create ways of talking about them，" McKenzie said in a statement.Such vocabulary would become specific to only that spaceship.
"People on Earth might never know about these words，unless there's a reason to tell them.And the further away you get，the less you're going to talk to people back home，" McKenzie said.The researchers noted that in addition to new words being used，the language of people traveling on spaceships and living in colonies would experience many other changes.For example，the sounds of different letters would likely change over time，affecting not only individual words，but the whole "grammatical system"，the paper states.
Major changes in word and sentence structure could also create systematic language barriers over time，the researchers said. "Given more time，new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones，" McKenzie said.
12. What is the possible result of long space travel according to the research？ ______
A. It may bring about many language barriers.
B. People may suffer from mental problems.
C. It may change people's living environment.
D. People could communicate more easily on Earth.
13. What does the underlined word "isolation" in paragraph 3 most probably mean？ ______
A. Connection. B. Distribution. C. Loneliness. D. Separation
14. What can we infer about the language used on spaceships from paragraph 4？ ______
A. It will form its own language system.
B. It will replace the current language soon.
C. It can be understood by people on Earth.
D. It can be used to communicate with aliens.
15. Why does the author mention McKenzie in the last paragraph？ ______
A. To present the way to create new languages.
B. To explain the reason for language problems.
C. To stress the inevitable trend of language changing.
D. To show the importance of new grammatical systems.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
News that dolphins form friendships may not come as much of a surprise to anyone paying attention to the animal world. (1) .They form their friendships with those that have a common interest.
For the research，scientists study the lives of a population of bottlenose dolphins in the Western Australian World Heritage area of Shark Bay.These dolphins are unique in their use of marine sponges（海绵体）as tools to find food. (2) .The method is taught by their mothers and helps the spongers"，as the ones who do it are called，find food in deeper water.Both male and female dolphins can be spongers，but the study focused just on males.
(3) .But for the study，they selected a group of 37 male dolphins，including 13 spongers and 24 non-spongers.They found that the spongers spent more time with other spongers and that the bonds were based on similar foraging（觅食） techniques and not relatedness or other factors.
(4) ，so it was long thought to invest time in forming close bonds with other males.This study suggests that male dolphins form social bonds based on shared interests.Interestingly，while male spongers spent more time looking for food than non-spongers，both groups spent an equal amount of time socializing.
"Male dolphins in Shark Bay exhibit fascinating strong social bonds (5) They are critical to each male's mating success.We were very excited to discover alliances of spongers，dolphins forming close friendships with others with similar traits，" says Dr.Simon Allen，the leading author of the study at the University of Zurich.

A.The method satisfies the needs of male dolphins
B.Foraging with a sponge is a time-consuming activity
C.The researchers used the data from 124 male dolphins
D.These strong bonds between males can last for decades
E.Male dolphins spend a lot less time resting and travelling
F.They are the only ones to ever have been observed doing this
G.But a new study throws light on how much they do it like we do
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
It takes a village to raise a child.People in the High Point community have stepped up in a big way after a young boy experienced(21).Ronald White is 11 years old.He knows the emptiness that comes with tragic(22) at that young age.
"Ronald's(23) passed away two years ago.She went to help someone on the side of the road and a truck(24)her，" said Shauna Greene of Anointed Cutz Barber Shop.Since then，Ronald(25)with his grandparents.
Being a（n）(26) young man，he tried to get a(27). "He wanted to help his grandmother pay bills and he also wanted to(28) a bike，" Greene said.So he asked his barber if he could(29). "I sweep.I take the trash out，" Ronald said.He's been doing so(30) in his work that the owner，Shauna Greene，praised him and(31) Ronald's story on Facebook.The story has got more than 1000 likes. "They sent money，and here we are today with the bike，" Greene said.
"I'm so(32) that I don't know what to do，" he said with a surprise when seeing the bike.People with big hearts are making a big(33). "His mom has passed away，and she was no longer here，but the village is(34) here，and we're going to keep him(35) and do whatever it takes，" Greene said.
21.  A. sadness B. guilty C. shame D. disappointment
22.  A. regret B. surprise C. fear D. loss
23.  A. grandmother B. sister C. mother D. father
24.  A. hit B. stopped C. frightened D. passed
25.  A. got off B. moved in C. broke up D. caught up
26.  A. ambitious B. generous C. patient D. energetic
27.  A. toy B. job C. degree D. house
28.  A. design B. sell C. donate D. buy
29.  A. succeed B. help C. go D. learn
30.  A. happily B. quickly C. well D. easily
31.  A. read B. adapted C. spread D. liked
32.  A. satisfied B. shocked C. proud D. confused
33.  A. decision B. promise C. agreement D. difference
34.  A. also B. already C. ever D. still
35.  A. going B. connected C. learning D. relieved
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. A new study by Harvard University adds weight to the idea (1) being selfless can help us live longer.Selfless (2) （ act） such as volunteering help us live longer，according to the new research.A study of 13，000 adults in the US found that people over the age of 50，who volunteer for two hours a week have (3) （ little） chance of developing disease compared to those who don't.
"Our result show that volunteering among older adults doesn't just strengthen communities，but (4) （enrich） our own lives by strengthening our bonds to others，helping us feel a sense of purpose，and protecting us (5) feelings of loneliness，depression and hopelessness." said the co-author of the study，Dr Eric Kim of Harvard.Loneliness could be as damaging to a person's health (6) smoking 15 cigarettes per day." If you are able to do so，you not only can help to heal and repair (7) world，but you can help yourself as well，" he said.
The Harvard study will increase the motivation to develop public health interventions（干预） (8) （base） on volunteering，which is what the UK-based charity Volunteering Matters campaigns for." Some cities are pioneering this idea several years ago，and I hope (9) we have the willingness (10) （ do） so in a post- COVID-19 society as well." said Dr Kim.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 体育在中学教育中越来越重要，但是体育锻炼在不少学校并没有得到十分重视，请写一篇短文，要点如下：
1.分析原因；
2.提出建议。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右：
2.短文的题目已为你写好。

Physical Exercise Should Be Valued in School_________
38. I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s.When it was her turn to pay，the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was going.
The woman looked down，shook her head and said： "Not so good.My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is ，I don't know how we are going to get through the holidays." Then she gave the cashier food stamps.（食品券）.
Neither did I know how I could get through the days a year ago during my fresh year in the company.I didn't know the rules，I was not familiar with the work，and I couldn't feel the value of myself.I was even wondering whether I could get along，as my father was gone，my mother had no work and my brother was only 7.That feeling was exactly what the woman had said.Fortunately，things had changed since I received my colleague's card，from which I felt the encouragement，and sensed happiness falling upon me again.
So I really wanted to help，but didn't know how.Should I offer to pay for her groceries（杂货），or ask for her husband's resume（简历）？As I walked into the parking lot，I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart.Suddenly I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her.It wasn't a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband，but maybe it would make her life better.
Then I approached the woman.My heart pounded as this was the first time that I had come up with the idea to help a stranger.
"Excuse me，" I said，my voice trembling a bit. " I couldn't help accidentally hearing what you said to the cashier.It sounded like you're going through a really hard time now.I'm so sorry.I'd like to give you something."
I handed her the small card from my purse.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
When the woman read the card，she began to cry.      Paragraph 2
After we embraced，I walked back to my car and words on the card crowded into my mind again.
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据Big Cats Initiative部分的This has the primary goal of stopping the decline in the population of big cats worldwide since 2009（这个项目的主要目标是阻止自2009年以来全球大型猫科动物数量的下降）可知大型猫科动物倡议成立，以保护濒危的大型猫科动物。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章Vembanad Wetlands Conservation Program部分的Since 2005，the program has worked to protect the habitat of plants and animals in the wetlands of Vembanad Lake in India.The organization also teaches and monitors sustainable fishing practices there（自2005年以来，该项目一直致力于保护印度文巴纳德湖湿地的动植物栖息地。该组织还在那里教授和监督可持续的捕鱼方法。）可知游客可以在Vembanad湖练习环保捕鱼。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章Sea Turtle Conservancy部分的 Sea turtles depend on sea grasses.When these grasses die，the turtles are placed at serious risk.This has a cyclical effect：sea grasses，like regular grass on land，depend on regular "mowing" to continue growing，and without turtles to feed on it，the grass itself stops thriving，which threatens hundreds of other species who use sea grasses for shelter.Find it on：Explore Costa Rica.（海龟依靠海草生存。当这些草死去时，海龟就处于严重的危险之中。这产生了一种循环效应：海草和陆地上的普通草一样，依赖于定期的"割草"来继续生长，如果没有海龟以此为食，海草本身就会停止生长，这威胁到数百个以海草为住所的其他物种。找到它：探索哥斯达黎加。）可知海洋生态系统的崩溃显示了海龟灭绝的周期性影响。因此B.The ocean's ecosystems breaking down.（海洋生态系统的崩溃。）符合题意。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了以下项目向你展示了人类是如何努力为动物创造一个更加光明的未来的。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】A、D、C、B
【解析】（1）目的意图题。根据文章第一段I was trained as a gymnast in Hunan，China，in the 1970s.The government wanted to transfer（转学）me to a school for athletes while my parents wanted me to become an engineer，because they firmly believed there was only one sure way to happiness：a safe and well-paid job.（20世纪70年代，我在中国湖南接受体操训练。政府想把我转到一所运动员学校，而我的父母想让我成为一名工程师，因为他们坚信只有一条通往幸福的必经之路：一份安全且高薪的工作。）可知第1段的目的是提供背景资料。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第三段I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei's Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu，found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre，learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen，and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History.（我从傅雷和朱美福的《傅雷家书》中满足了我对父母忠告的渴望，从《简爱》中找到了我的独立女性榜样，从《一打一打的便宜》中学会了高效，从《三毛全集》和《历史的教训》中激发了我出国留学的灵感。）可知从《三毛全集》中，作者获得了出国留学的动力。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。根据文章第三段I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei's Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu，found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre，learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen，and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History.（我从傅雷和朱美福的《傅雷家书》中满足了我对父母忠告的渴望，从《简爱》中找到了我的独立女性榜样，从《一打一打的便宜》中学会了高效，从《三毛全集》和《历史的教训》中激发了我出国留学的灵感。）可知第三段主要讲述了作者的比较阅读经验。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段Books have given me a magic portal （入口） to connect with people of the past and the present.I have come to believe that coming true is not the only purpose of a dream.Its most important purpose is to get us in touch with where dreams come from，where passion comes from and where happiness comes from.Even a shattered（遭受极大打击的）dream can do that for you.So may books be always with you.（书籍给了我一个神奇的入口，让我可以与过去和现在的人联系起来。我开始相信实现不是梦想的唯一目的。它最重要的目的是让我们接触到梦想从哪里来，激情从哪里来，快乐从哪里来。即使一个破碎的梦也能为你做到。所以，愿书永远伴随着你。）可知B.How Books Open My Mind（书籍如何打开我的思维）是本文的最佳标题。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了书籍给了作者一个神奇的入口，让作者可以与过去和现在的人联系起来。作者开始相信实现不是梦想的唯一目的。它最重要的目的是让我们接触到梦想从哪里来，激情从哪里来，快乐从哪里来。即使一个破碎的梦也能为你做到。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
　　阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
　　首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
　　在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
　　猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~11.【答案】A、D、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句Professor Glen Jeffery of the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology said， "As you age，your visual system declines significantly，particularly once over 40.Your retinal sensitivity and your color vision are both gradually undermined（破坏），and with an ageing population，this is an increasingly important issue."（伦敦大学学院眼科研究所的格伦•杰弗里教授说："随着年龄的增长，你的视觉系统会显著衰退，尤其是超过40岁的时候。你的视网膜敏感度和色觉都会逐渐减弱，随着人口老龄化，这是一个越来越重要的问题。"）可知，杰弗里教授认为年龄影响视觉系统。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中最后两句The ability to detect colors improved by up to 20% in some people aged around 40 and over.But the effect was not seen in younger individuals who were aged below 40.（一些年龄在40岁及以上的人辨别颜色的能力提高了20%。但这种影响在40岁以下的年轻人身上没有出现。）可知，40岁以上的参与者从研究中受益更多。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Scientists believe the discovery could pave the way for new eye therapies that are affordable and can be done by the patient at home.（科学家们相信，这一发现将为新的眼科治疗铺平道路，这种治疗方法既经济实惠，又可由患者在家进行。）和最后一句The technology is simple，safe and very promising.（这项技术简单、安全，很有前途。）可知，这一发现实用而且有医疗价值。故选B。
（4）文章出处题。根据全文内容，结合第一段A study by the University College London （UCL） has shown that staring at long wavelength light for three minutes every day can significantly improve vision in those aged 40 and above.（伦敦大学学院的一项研究表明，每天盯着长波光看三分钟，可以显著改善40岁及以上人群的视力。）可知，本文是一篇改善40岁及以上人群视力的研究报告。结合选项，A.A travel guidebook.一本旅行指南；B.A popular novel.一本通俗小说；C.A fashion magazine.一本时尚杂志；D.A health journal一本健康杂志。分析可知，文章内容与健康有关，应该出自一本健康杂志。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了短时间的长波光重启视网膜老化细胞这一项新技术可以显著改善40岁及以上人群的视力。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

12~15.【答案】A、D、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段后两句Two American researchers have explored one possible problem with such travel.They considered the possibility that changes in human language could develop over time and lead to major communication problems with people on Earth.（两名美国研究人员探索了这种旅行可能存在的一个问题。他们认为，随着时间的推移，人类语言的变化可能会导致与地球上的人发生重大沟通问题。）可知，长时间太空旅行可能会带来很多语言沟通障碍。故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句The long         of a community could lead to enough differences in language to make it impossible for community members back home to understand．（长期的社区隔离可能会导致语言上的差异，以至于社区成员回家后都不可能理解。）可知，此处指的是"长时间的社区隔离"。结合选项，A.Connection.联系；B.Distribution.分配，分发；C.Loneliness.孤独，寂寞；D.Separation分开，隔离。分析可知，D项与划线部分词义最接近。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段 "People on Earth might never know about these words，unless there's a reason to tell them.And the further away you get，the less you're going to talk to people back home，" McKenzie said.The researchers noted that in addition to new words being used，the language of people traveling on spaceships and living in colonies would experience many other changes.For example，the sounds of different letters would likely change over time，affecting not only individual words，but the whole "grammatical system"，the paper states.（地球上的人可能永远不会知道这些话，除非有理由告诉他们。你走得越远，你和家乡的人说话就越少，"麦肯齐说。研究人员指出，除了新词被使用之外，在宇宙飞船上旅行和生活在殖民地的人们的语言还会经历许多其他的变化。例如，不同字母的发音可能会随着时间的推移而改变，不仅影响单个单词，还会影响整个"语法系统"。）可知，在宇宙飞船上人们会形成自己的语言系统。故选A。
（4）目的意图题。根据最后一段第二句"Given more time，new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones，" McKenzie said.（麦肯齐说："如果有更多的时间，新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的语法形式。"）可知，作者在最后一段提到McKenzie是为了强调语言变化的必然趋势。结合选项，A.To present the way to create new languages.介绍创造新语言的方法；B.To explain the reason for language problems.解释语言问题的原因；C.To stress the inevitable trend of language changing.强调语言变化的必然趋势；D.To show the importance of new grammatical systems.为了显示新的语法系统的重要性。分析可知，C项符合语义。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了长途太空旅行中语言变化可能带来的问题。
做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。

16~20.【答案】G、F、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文News that dolphins form friendships may not come as much of a surprise to anyone paying attention to the animal world.（对于任何关注动物世界的人来说，海豚可以交朋友的新闻可能并不那么令人惊讶。）和下文They form their friendships with those that have a common interest.（他们与有共同兴趣的人交朋友。）可知，海豚和我们人类一样都是有感情的动物。G选项"But a new study throws light on how much they do it like we do但是一项新的研究揭示了他们和我们有多少相似之处。"符合语境。故选G。
（2）推理判断题。根据下文The method is taught by their mothers and helps the spongers"，as the ones who do it are called，find food in deeper water.Both male and female dolphins can be spongers，but the study focused just on males.（这种方法是由它们的母亲传授的，并帮助它们在更深的水中找到食物。雄性和雌性海豚都是海绵动物，但这项研究只关注雄性海豚。）可知，海豚也是它们的母亲传授的。F选项"They are the only ones to ever have been observed doing this他们是唯一被观察到这样做的人。"符合语境。故选F。
（3）主旨大意题。根据下文But for the study，they selected a group of 37 male dolphins，including 13 spongers and 24 non-spongers.They found that the spongers spent more time with other spongers and that the bonds were based on similar foraging（觅食） techniques and not relatedness or other factors.（但在这项研究中，他们选择了37只雄性海豚，包括13只海绵海豚和24只非海绵海豚。他们发现，海绵体和其他海绵体在一起的时间更多，这种联系是基于相似的觅食技巧，而不是亲缘关系或其他因素。）可知，研究者用实验发现雄性海豚数据是觅食技巧不是亲缘关系或其他因素。C选项"The researchers used the data from 124 male dolphins研究者使用了124只雄性海豚的数据。"符合语境。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。根据下文so it was long thought to invest time in forming close bonds with other males.This study suggests that male dolphins form social bonds based on shared interests.Interestingly，while male spongers spent more time looking for food than non-spongers，both groups spent an equal amount of time socializing.（此长期以来，人们认为雌性花时间与其他雄性建立密切的关系。这项研究表明，雄性海豚会根据共同的兴趣建立社会关系。有趣的是，尽管雄性捕食者比非捕食者花更多时间寻找食物，但两组人花在社交上的时间相同。）可知，雄性海豚会和雌性海豚用寻找食物建立密切的关系。B选项"Foraging with a sponge is a time-consuming activity用海绵觅食是一项耗时的活动。"符合语境。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据They are critical to each male's mating success.We were very excited to discover alliances of spongers，dolphins forming close friendships with others with similar traits，（它们对每只雄性海豚的交配成功都至关重要。我们非常兴奋地发现，海绵海豚和其他具有相似特征的海豚结成了亲密的友谊。）可知，海豚有强大的社会关系，并结成了亲密的友谊。D选项"These strong bonds between males can last for decades男性之间的这种紧密联系可以持续几十年。"符合语境。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了科学家们研究了西澳大利亚世界遗产地区鲨鱼湾的宽吻海豚种群的生活。
"七选五"选择题，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。

21~35.【答案】A、D、C、A、B、A、B、D、B、C、D、B、D、D、A
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.sadness悲伤；B.guilty有罪；C.shame羞愧；D.disappointment失望。根据第13题后面的His mom has passed away，and she was no longer here，和下文"Ronald's（3）passed away two years ago.可知，是Ronald的母亲去世了，因此他的感受是悲伤。故选A。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.regret后悔；B.surprise令人惊奇之事；C.fear敬畏；D.loss失去。根据下文Ronald's（3）passed away two years ago.可知，母亲的去世，对11岁的Ronald来说是损失。故选D。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.grandmother奶奶；B.sister姐妹；C.mother妈妈；D.father父亲。根据13题后面的His mom has passed away，and she was no longer here，可知，Ronald 的妈妈不在了，所以此处要用mother。故选C。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.hit击；B.stopped停止；C.frightened害怕；D.passed通过。根据句中She went to help someone on the side of the road and a truck（4）her，可知，她去到马路对面帮助他人的时候，一辆卡车撞倒了她。故选A。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.got off下车；B.moved in搬进来；C.broke up分手；D.caught up赶上。根据句中Since then，Ronald（5）with his grandparents.可知，Ronald搬来和祖父母一起居住，所以此处要用moved in。故选B。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.ambitious有抱负的；B.generous慷慨的；C.patient耐心的；D.energetic充满活力的。根据后文He wanted to help his grandmother pay bills 可知，他帮助祖母和想要一辆自行车，据此可以得知，他是一个有抱负的的孩子。故选A。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.toy玩具；B.job工作；C.degree程度；D.house住房。根据下文So he asked his barber if he could可知，他想得到一份工作。故选B。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.design设计；B.sell卖；C.donate捐款；D.buy购买。根据上文He wanted to help his grandmother pay bills and he also wanted to（8）a bike，可知，除了帮助付账单，还自己想"攒钱"买自行车，故此处要用buy。故选D。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.succeed成功；B.help帮助；C.go去；D.learn学习。根据后文I sweep.I take the trash out，可知，Ronald 问老板自己是否能帮忙。故选B。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.happily乐意地；B.quickly快地；C.well很好地；D.easily容易地。根据后文 his work that the owner，Shauna Greene，praised him and（11）Ronald's story on Facebook.可知，Ronald 做得很好所以把他的故事发到Facebook上。故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.read读；B.adapted适应；C.spread散布；D.liked喜欢。根据后文The story has got more than 1000 likes. "They sent money，and here we are today with the bike，" Greene said.可知，他的故事得到了很多的点赞；喜爱like。故此处要用liked。故选D。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.satisfied满意的；B.shocked感到震惊的；C.proudproud骄傲的；D.confused困惑的。根据后文I don't know what to do，" he said with a surprise when seeing the bike.可知，Ronald 对这个礼物感到很震惊。因此不知道说什么。故选B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.decision决定；B.promise诺言；C.agreement协议；D.difference差别。根据上文People with big hearts are making a big可知，心胸宽广的人会成就大事，那些善良的人的爱会对Ronald产生很大的影响，使事情变得不同。所以此处要用make a huge difference。故选D。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.also此外；B.already已经；C.ever曾经；D.still仍然。根据上文His mom has passed away，and she was no longer here，but the village is可知，妈妈不在了，但是村庄仍然存在，所以此处要用still。故选D。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.going进展速度；B.connected连接；C.learning学习；D.relieved放心。根据句中"we're going to keep him（15）and do whatever it takes，" Greene said.可知，我们会让他一切进展顺利，所以此处要用going。故选A。
这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了孩子的母亲因为车祸去世，坚强的孩子打工来帮助祖父母。孩子的行为感动了周围的人，他们用自己的爱心来帮助孩子最终实现了买自行车的愿望。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。作出正确的选择。

36.【答案】【小题1】that
【小题2】actions
【小题3】less
【小题4】enriches
【小题5】from
【小题6】as
【小题7】the
【小题8】based
【小题9】that
【小题10】to do
【解析】（1）考查同位语从句。句意：哈佛大学的一项新研究证实了这样一个观点：无私可以帮助我们活得更久。引导同位语从句，对抽象名词the idea进行解释说明，在从句中不充当任何成分，故填that。
（2）考查名词。句意：根据新研究，像志愿服务这样的无私行为帮助我们活得更久。selfless为形容词，修饰名词，故变形为action，此处名词作主语，谓语动词help用来原形表示复数，主语为复数形式，故填actions。
（3）考查形容词的比较级。句意：一项针对美国13000名成年人的研究发现，50岁以上的人每周做两个小时的志愿者，与那些不做志愿者的人相比，患病的几率更小。做志愿和不做志愿者相比，使用形容词的比较级，故填less。
（4）考查时态语态。句意：这项研究的合著者，哈佛大学的Eric Kim博士说："我们的研究结果表明，老年人作志愿者不仅能加强社区，还能通过加强我们与他人的联系，帮我们感受到目标感，保护我们免受孤独、抑郁和绝望的感觉，丰富我们自己的生活。"此句中not only...but （also）...连接并列的谓语动词，主语为动名词volunteering，谓语动词使用第三人称单数，两个谓语时态保持一致，故后一个也使用一般现在时，故填enriches。
（5）考查介词。句意：这项研究的合著者，哈佛大学的Eric Kim博士说："我们的研究结果表明，老年人作志愿者不仅能加强社区，还能通过加强我们与他人的联系，帮我们感受到目标感，保护我们免受孤独、抑郁和绝望的感觉，丰富我们自己的生活。"句中保护保护某人免受伤害为protect...from...固定搭配，故填from。
（6）考查介词。句意：孤独对一个人造成的伤害可能和每天抽15只烟的伤害一样大。句中as damaging as...和...伤害一样大，为固定搭配，故填as。
（7）考查冠词。句意：他说："如果你能做到这一点，你不仅可以帮助治愈和修复这个世界，你也可以帮助你自己。"此空位于名词world前，这是专有名词，使用定冠词the修饰，故填the。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：哈佛大学的这项研究将提高基于志愿服务的公共卫生干预措施的积极性，这正是英国慈善机构"服务重要性"所倡导的。故填based。
（9）考查宾语从句。句意：金博士说："几年前，一些城市率先提出了这个想法，我希望我们在后新冠病毒疾病时代也有这样做的意愿。"此句中hope后，引导宾语从句，且从句句子结构完整，故填that。
（10）考查不定式。句意：金博士说："几年前，一些城市率先提出了这个想法，我希望我们在后新冠病毒疾病时代也有这样做的意愿。"have a willingness to do sth有某事的意愿，为固定搭配，故填to do。
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了哈佛大学的一项新研究，结果证实无私可以帮助我们活得更长久。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

37.【答案】Physical exercise is losing its appeal in many middle schools mostly because heavy academic pressure burdens students with endless homework，forcing them to sacrifice time for sports. 【高分句型一】（原因）
The following tips，if adopted，will surely work.First，schools should invest in sports facilities and strengthen PE teachers' guidance.Only when physical exercise is given due attention to，can students embrace it free of worries.【高分句型二】Besides，students need to make it a habit to work out regularly so that they can harvest the reward.（建议）
Undoubtedly，with the combined efforts，physical exercise can inspire students' passion and serve its purpose.
【解析】高分句型一
Physical exercise is losing its appeal in many middle schools mostly because heavy academic pressure burdens students with endless homework，forcing them to sacrifice time for sports.
翻译：体育锻炼在许多中学正失去吸引力，主要原因是沉重的学业压力给学生带来无尽的家庭作业，迫使他们牺牲时间进行体育锻炼。
分析：使用了because引导的原因状语从句。
高分句型二
Only when physical exercise is given due attention to，can students embrace it free of worries.
翻译：只有当体育锻炼得到应有的重视，学生才能毫无顾虑地拥抱它。
分析：使用了only+时间状语从句放于句首的部分倒装，其中时间状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。

38.【答案】When the woman read the card，she began to cry.And through her tears，she said， "You have no idea how much this means to me." I was a little startled by her reply.Having never done anything like this before，I didn't know what kind of reaction I might receive.【高分句型一】All I could think to say was， "Would it be OK to give you a hug？"（老妇人非常感动，也感到非常无助，于是作者给了她一个拥抱）
After we embraced，I walked back to my car and the words on the card crowded into my mind again. "You Matter." A few weeks earlier，a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on.【高分句型二】When I read the card，I felt a warm happiness spread inside of me.Deeply touched，I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started sharing them.I will do something about Passing Happiness on.  （作者想到这个卡片上的字也曾经帮助过自己，于是决定继续分享这种卡片给别人）
【解析】这是一篇暖心小故事。作者在超市购物时遇到了一位老妇人，老妇人正在经历一段黑暗时期，非常难过。作者想要帮助她，于是给了她一个卡片，上面写着"你很重要"。这让老妇人很感动，得到了很大的安慰。于是作者决定继续和别人分享这种卡片。
【高分句型一】Having never done anything like this before，I didn't know what kind of reaction I might receive.
翻译：我以前从没做过这样的事，我不知道我会得到什么反应。
分析：使用了现在分词的完成式Having never done 作原因状语。
【高分句型二】A few weeks earlier，a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on.
翻译：几周前，一位同事给了我一张类似的卡片，作为我正在做的一个项目的鼓励。
分析：使用了省略关系词that/which引导的定语从句。
解题方法点拨
 （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
       每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
       （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
       一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
       （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
       根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
       （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
       在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
       （5）关键用词，标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到"字迹工整、清晰"。