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2022-2023学年河南省鲁山县高三下学期入学测试英语试题（Word版含答案）
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这是一份2022-2023学年河南省鲁山县高三下学期入学测试英语试题（Word版含答案），共10页。
鲁山县2022-2023学年高三下学期入学测试
英语试题
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Find volunteer opportunities on Australia's largest volunteer website:
Community Visitors Plan
Volunteer to visit and talk with a selected resident in an aged care facility in Sydney on a one- to-one basis, at least once a fortnight or a minimum of 20 visits per year． Your visit will help brighten the day of an elder member of your community and improve their quality of life through friendship and companionship．
Volunteer Non-Executive Director
Greater Whitsunday Alliance (GW3) is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director．
Gallery Attendant
Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force． The role of volunteers is important in enhancing Museum activities and providing programs and services that would not otherwise be available．
Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer
Multiple volunteer positions available at Red Cross Shops across Metro Melbourne． Monday to Sunday (minimum of two four-hour shifts per week) from the start of December to February 29th． By joining the team you'll get the opportunity to provide customer service, create window and visual merchandising displays, sort donations, and help raise money for those in need．
1．Who will most probably get the job as non-executive director?
A．An agricultural expert in his fifties． B．A retired economist from Whitsunday．
C．A senior college student majoring in finance． D．An accountant expecting a handsome income．
2．How many hours at least will a volunteer work in the Red Cross Shop for the season?
A．48． B．52． C．104． D．144．
3．Which one might interest a military fan most?
A．Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer． B．Community Visitors Plan．
C．Volunteer Non-Executive Director． D．Gallery Attendant．
B
A team of researchers from several institutions in the UK and one in Estonia has created a type of buoy(浮标) that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets-a type of vertical fishing net that is made of a material that makes it nearly invisible underwater．
Every year, hundreds of thousands of seabirds die when they get caught in gillnets． Some estimates suggest that up to a half-million birds are caught in them each year． Over the years, researchers have created devices(装置) to prevent the birds from trying to catch fish near or in gillnets, but those didn't work well．
To find a way that would work for all seabirds, the researchers first studied seabirds in a general sense, looking to find things that they would avoid． They noted that seabirds avoided eye contact with other creatures． Then the researchers came up with a simple idea-they put a small pole to a regular buoy and then attached a pair of googly eyes(金鱼眼) to the top of it． They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight, such as geese, would see them． Adding to the effectiveness of the device, waves made the eyes move back and forth． And the wind made the buoy spin very slowly, making sure that birds from every direction would get a good look at the eyes．
To test their idea, the researchers selected several sites near gillnets and counted how many birds approached and how many attempted to catch fish near the nets． They then set up their googly-eyed buoys and once again counted birds． Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters． They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed．
4．What is the function of paragraph 2?
A．Introducing a new topic to discuss． B．Providing background information．
C．Summarizing the previous paragraph． D．Pointing out the main idea of the text．
5．Why did the researchers make the googly eyes big?
A．To ensure all the seabirds can see them． B．To clearly observe seabirds' eye contact．
C．To allow them to survive the strong wind． D．To effectively identify the right direction．
6．What does the researchers' test result mainly suggest?
A．The new device still needs improving． B．Gillnets are a death valley for seabirds．
C．Seabirds hardly catch fish near the nets． D．The googly-eyed buoy proves effective．
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．A group of researchers interested in seabirds．B．A way to help seabirds catch fish effectively．
C．A device keeping seabirds safe from gillnets．D．A googly-eyed buoy guiding seabirds to hunt．
C
Halfway through the women’s slalom (障碍滑雪赛) event at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin held a commanding lead over the greatest women’s slalom skiers in the world． On her final run, she burst from the start house at top speed, zigzagging (曲折行进) around the poles． Suddenly, her left ski slid out, causing her to temporarily lose control． It seemed as if her dreams of a gold medal might slide down the mountain, out of her reach． But in the blink of an eye, Mikaela stopped her mini-skid and rocketed through the rest of her run． She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal．
Skiing has always been a big part of Mikaela’s life． At two and a half years old, Mikaela made her first ski run down her steep driveway on plastic skis． From ages 8 to 11, she worked hard, repeating hundreds of training runs on small hills to learn the correct techniques． When Mikaela was 11, she enrolled at the Burke Mountain Academy, a Vermont boarding school for skiers．
According to headmaster Kirk Dwyer, “What separated Mikaela from others was the degree of her commitment to be the best． Mikaela practiced more than anyone and believed in herself then and now．” At age 14, Mikaela began her international career when she raced in the world championships for 13-and 14-year-olds． And she won! By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race．
For Mikaela, working hard is a full-time job． In the summer, when Mikaela is off the ski slopes and in the gym, her daily training consists of six to seven hours of weightlifting, core body work, and biking to improve her strength and agility．
“If you’re passionate about your goals, whatever they are,” she says, “there’s no limit to what you can achieve． Give it your all!”
8．What happened to Mikaela at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games?
A．She fell behind others at first．
B．She overcame the accident and completed her run．
C．She lost control and slid down the mountain．
D．She was the first slalom skier to win an Olympic gold medal．
9．According to the text, how many times did Mikaela win in international competitions?
A．One B．Two． C．Three． D．Four．
10．Which of the following best describes Mikaela?
A．Demanding and curious． B．Ambitious and diligent．
C．Caring and brave． D．Patient and intelligent．
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Zigzagging to Success B．The Strength of Confidence
C．The Value of Failure D．An Exciting Slalom Event
D
People have different ways of dealing with a common cold． Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup． Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it．
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported．
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold． Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why． To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work． They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus． To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough．
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B． But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006． All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C．
"This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses," study leader Professor Ann C． Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily．
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses．
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way． Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work．
12．What does the author think of existing remedies for the common cold?
A．They are quite effective． B．They are slightly helpful．
C．They actually have no effect． D．They still need to be improved．
13．How do antiviral drugs work?
A．By breaking up cold viruses directly．
B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses．
C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases．
D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time．
14．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar．
B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold．
C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently．
D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure．
15．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Drugs against cold viruses B．Helpful home remedies
C．No current cure for a common cold D．Research on cold viruses
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before COVID-19, self-care—caring for ourselves—may have not been a priority for many people． 16_____． There is no exact way to practice self-care． It includes many areas and may look different from person to person． Here are some suggestions on what can be done．
17_____
For some people, self-care may be simply slowing down． It can also mean controlling parts of your life that you can control． This is important when the world around you feels out of control．
Learn something new
For some people, self-care might include doing things they have always wanted to do but never made time for． 18_____．
Mental health self-care
Another form of self-care is making time to meet with a mental health specialist, if needed． The Associated Press reports that online mental health services have increased during the pandemic． However, meeting with a mental health professional may not be possible for some people． 19_____． Meditating, writing about your feelings and problems, and organizing the physical space around you are all forms of self-care．
Be kind to yourself—the best type of self-care
Experts remind us that self-care during the pandemic could feel like riding a roller coaster—up some days, down on others．
It can help to have a routine—a usual way of doing things． But experts say "keep the routine simple．" 20_____． Remember, be kind to yourself．
A． Never feel out of control
B． Slow down and feel in control
C． But now it is even more important than usual
D． So doctors have suggestions for other ways to reduce stress during the pandemic
E． Self-care includes both individual wellness and the wellness of the greater community
F． It is also important not to be hard on yourself if you do not keep to your routine every day
G． These things include baking, gardening, and learning a new language or some other new skills
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
God wants you to be happy． It's a simple idea, but a complicated reality．
When traveling to Rwanda to find out the 21 of a new orphanage(孤儿院), I found children who had been injured physically and 22 from their families． But I also found something 23 : children who seemed to be truly happy． No they 24 had shed(流) many tears, 25 most of them were not sad or angry． They played, sang, and 26 the company of their fellow orphans．
I also met Fred Nkunda, a Ugandan man who was 27 with joy despite his poverty, and long hours of working for a small salary． A few years later, he 28 cancer, but while he lived, he wore a big 29 as he selflessly gave himself to others． The same was true for a young Canadian couple who 30 their lives to the mission work(布道)．
When I came home, I noticed a sharp 31 ． Most Americans lacked the 32 that those Rwandan children and mission workers owned． Despite great wealth, modern conveniences and other endless material blessings, people here were 33 to each other, exhibited impatience, and expressed their 34 ． How could this be?
Somewhere along the way, many of us in America have 35 something． We have 36 experience happiness—real happiness that comes from within and flows to others． And it's not just missing in "the world"． It's in short 37 in our homes, businesses, and churches．
38 is actually a personal character． We understand the 39 of love, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control． But happiness? It is 40 ignored or considered as unachievable in this life．
21．A．secrets B．directions C．situations D．choices
22．A．learned B．separated C．protected D．judged
23．A．unchallenged B．unconcerned C．uncivilized D．unexpected
24．A．doubt B．matter C．wonder D．way
25．A．or B．for C．but D．so
26．A．ignored B．enjoyed C．forgot D．sought
27．A．impressed B．concerned C．blessed D．filled
28．A．called for B．suffered from C．worried about D．escaped from
29．A．smile B．sign C．watch D．ring
30．A．reduced B．donated C．devoted D．returned
31．A．difference B．disagreement C．similarity D．agreement
32．A．fortune B．talent C．courage D．joy
33．A．honest B．cold C．close D．sincere
34．A．independence B．appreciation C．discontent D．uncertainty
35．A．lost B．created C．learned D．achieved
36．A．managed to B．struggled to C．hurried to D．failed to
37．A．supply B．education C．pride D．interest
38．A．Kindness B．Failure C．Happiness D．Regret
39．A．result B．necessity C．existence D．source
40．A．hardly B．purposely C．partly D．easily
第二节（共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday congratulated the complete success of the Chang'e-5 mission that 41_____(bring) back the country's first samples 42_____(collect) from the moon．
On behalf of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commissions(CMO), Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the CMC, extended warm 43_____(congratulate) and sincere greetings to all members 44_____ had participated in the Chang'e-5 mission in a congratulatory message．
Noting 45_____ there is no end for space exploration, Xi expressed the hope that those who have participated in the Chang'e-5 mission will carry forward the lunar exploration spirit of pursing dreams and daring to explorer, so as 46_____(start) new exploration to build the country into a major power in space, national rejuvenation(复兴), the 47_____(peace) use of space and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity．
Chang'e-5 mission has achieved many major breakthroughs including China's first lunar surface sampling and sealing, first lift off 48____ the moon and first spacecraft 49_____(carry) samples to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere． The Chang'e-5 mission 50_____(be) a huge milestone in China's lunar exploration history since 2004．
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1． 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2． 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I’ m going back home next week, so I’ m writing to express my thanks to you．
During my stay here as an exchange student, yours wonderful teaching impressed me deeply． Not only do you prepare your lessons carefully in advance, but you also behaved like a director in class, encourage us to discuss in groups and share our ideas． Which moved me most was that you always talked to me patiently when I was turned to you for help． With your encouragement, I became more confident, joined in class activity more actively, and gained a lot of knowledge in an end．
I sincerely invite you visit China one day． I’ m surely you’ ll have an unforgettable experience but fall in love with it．
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
每年,交通事故会导致许多伤亡。请你以学生会的名义写一封有关交通安全的倡议书,内容包括:
1.倡议的目的;
2.倡议的具体内容;
3.提出呼吁。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Proposal
Dear fellow students,
Traffic accidents cause many deaths and injuries every year. In order to
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Students' Union
答案以及解析
答案：1-3 BCD
解析：1．细节理解题。根据"Greater Whitsunday Alliance (GW3) is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director．" Greater Whitsunday联盟正在寻找一位愿意和有经验的行业或社区领袖,来自惠特森德地区,对Greater Whitsunday地区的经济发展充满热情,以志愿者、非执行董事的身份加入GW3董事会,在结合选项可知Greater Whitsunday的退休经济学家更适合这个职位。故选B。
2．数字计算题。根据最后一段"Multiple volunteer positions available at Red Cross Shops across Metro Melbourne． Monday to Sunday (minimum of two four-hour shifts per week) from the start of December to February 29th．"墨尔本地铁站的红十字会商店,有多个志愿者职位空缺,从12月初到2月29日,星期一到星期日(每周至少两班,每班4小时),可知每周要工作8小时,而从12月初到2月29日是三个月,大约是13周,所以总共工作13×8=104小时。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force． The role of volunteers is important in enhancing Museum activities and providing programs and services that would not otherwise be available．"北昆士兰陆军博物馆、澳大利亚陆军历史部门和澳大利亚国防军高度重视你在博物馆志愿服务的承诺。志愿者在加强博物馆活动和提供其他情况下无法提供的项目和服务方面发挥着重要作用。可知Gallery Attendant有关于军事方面的博物馆,所以军事迷最感兴趣的是Gallery Attendant,故选D。
答案：4-7 BADC
解析：4．推理判断题。根据第二段可知,每年都会有海鸟因为被渔网缠住而淹死,虽然多年来研究者一直致力于解决这个问题,但结果不尽人意。由此可推断,第二段主要是在介绍新的装置被发明的背景。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight,such as geese, would see them．"可知,研究人员制作大的金鱼眼是为了确保所有的海鸟都能看见金鱼眼浮标。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters． They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed．可知,金鱼眼浮标的使用降低了海鸟被渔网缠住的风险,而且海鸟也会有意识地避开曾经放置了金鱼眼浮标的地区。由此可推断,金鱼眼浮标有效地阻止了海鸟靠近渔网从而避免被渔网缠住。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是文章第一段"．．．has created a type of buoy(浮标) that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets．．．"可知,本文主要介绍了研究人员发明的一种防止海鸟被渔网缠住的金鱼眼浮标。
答案：8．B; 9．C; 10．B; 11．A
解析：8．细节理解题根据第一段中 "On her final run, she burst from the start house at top speed, zigzagging (曲折行进) around the poles． Suddenly, her left ski slid out, causing her to temporarily lose control． It seemed as if her dreams of a gold medal might slide down the mountain, out of her reach． But in the blink of an eye, Mikaela stopped her mini-skid and rocketed through the rest of her run． She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal．(在她的最后一圈中, 她以最快的速度冲出起跑点, 绕着杆子弯弯曲曲地跑． 突然, 她左边的滑雪板滑了出来 , 导致她暂时失去了控制． 她的金牌梦似乎要从山上滑下来了, 她够不着了． 但一眨眼的功夫, Mikaela停止了她的迷你滑行, 迅速跑完了剩下的路程． 她成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员 ) " 可知, Mikaela在2014 年冬季奥运会上克服了事故, 完成了比赛． 故选B．
9．细节理解题根据第一段中 " She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal． (她成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员以及第三段中"At age 14, Mikaela began her international career when she raced in the world champion ships for 13- and 14- year - olds． And she won! By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race． (14岁时Mikaela开始了她的国际职业生涯, 她参加了13-14 岁的世界锦标赛 她赢了! 在她17 岁的时候, 她已经赢得了她的第一次世界杯比赛) " 可知, Mikaela 在国际比赛中赢了三次． 故选C．
10．推理判断题根据倒数第二段 "For Mikaela, working hard is a full-time job． In the summer, when Mikaela is off the ski slopes and in the gym, her daily training consists of six to seven hours of weightlifting, core body work, and biking to improve her strength and agility．(对Mikaela来说, 努力工作是一项全职工作． 夏天, 当Mikaela 离开滑雪场和健身房时, 她的日常训练包括6 到7 个小时的举重、核心健身和骑自行车,以提高她的力量和敏捷性)" 以及最后一段 "If you're passionate about your goals, whatever they are," she says , "there's no limit to what you can achieve． Give it your all! " (如果你对自己的目标充满激情不管是什么," 她说 " 你能实现的目标是无限的． 全力以赴! " ) " 可推知, Mikaela雄心勃勃且勤奋． 故选B．
11．主旨大意题, 根据第一段 "Halfway through the women’s slalom (障碍滑雪赛) event at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin held a commanding lead over the greatest women’s slalom skiers in the world． On her final run, she burst from the start house at top speed, zigzagging (曲折行进) around the poles． Suddenly, her left ski slid out, causing her to temporarily lose control． It seemed as if her dreams of a gold medal might slide down the mountain, out of her reach． But in the blink of an eye, Mikaela stopped her mini-skid and rocketed through the rest of her run． She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal．(2014 年俄罗斯索契冬奥女子回转项目进行到一半时, 18 岁的Mikaela Shiffrim 以压倒性优势击败了世界上最伟大的女子选手． 在她的最后一圈中, 她以最快的速度冲出起跑点, 绕着杆子弯弯曲曲地跑． 突然, 她左边的滑雪板滑了出来, 导致她暂时失去了控制 ． 她的金牌梦似乎要从山上滑下来了, 她够不着了． 但一眨眼的功夫, Mikaela 停止了她的迷你滑行, 迅速跑完了剩下的路程． 她成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员 ) " 结合文章主要讲述了Mikaela Shiffin 在 2014 年冬奥会上克服了事故, 完成了比赛,成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员． 文章还介绍了Mikaela从事滑雪运动的经过以及她雄心勃勃且勤奋的品质． 可知, 故A 选项 " 曲折走向成功 " 最符合文章标题． 故选A ．
答案：12-15 CBDC
解析：12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: Nothing really cures it．可知,作者认为普遍的治疗药物实际上没有效果,故选择C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus．可知,它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒,故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the vims like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the vims and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough, 可知,科学家们识別病毒并建立三维模型来研究其表面才能设计一个足够有效的抗病毒药物,所以推断,了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗方法的关键。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章开头段落点明了主题, 并与最后一段相呼应,使我们了解到目前我们没有药物能真正治愈普通感冒。选项C符合文意。
答案：16-20CBGDF
解析：16根据上文"Before COVID-19, self-care—caring for ourselves-may have not been a priority for many people．(在COVID-19之前,自我护理—照顾自己—可能不是许多人的优先事项)"结合后文提出了一些自我护理的方法,可知本句与上文构成转折,指出自我护理的重要性。故C选项"但是现在它比平时更重要"符合语境,故选C。
17据后文"For some people, self-care may be simply slowing down． It can also mean controlling parts of your life that you can control． This is important when the world around you feels out of control．(对一些人来说,自我护理可能只是慢了下来。它也可以指控制你生活中你能控制的部分。当你感到周围的世界失控时,这一点很重要)"可知,本段关于自我护理的方法是慢下来,B选项中Slow down对应后文中slowing down。故B选项"慢下来,感觉一切尽在掌握"符合语境,故选B。
18根据小标题"Learn something new(学习新事物)"以及上文"For some people, self-care might include doing things they have always wanted to do but never made time for．(对一些人来说,自我照顾可能包括做一些他们一直想做但从来没有时间做的事情)"可知,本段提出的建议是学习新事物,本句为本段最后一句,应举例说明可以学习哪些新事物。故G选项"这些事情包括烘焙、园艺、学习一门新语言或其他一些新技能"符合语境,故选G。
19根据上文"However, meeting with a mental health professional may not be possible for some people．(然而,对一些人来说,与心理健康专业人士见面可能是不可能的)"以及后文"Meditating, writing about your feelings and problems, and organizing the physical space around you are all forms of self-care．(冥想,写下你的感受和问题,整理你周围的物理空间,这些都是自我照顾的形式)"可知,上文提到与心理健康专业人士见面不可能,后文则提到了其它自我照顾的方式,可知本句与上文构成因果关系,指出医生对在大流行期间减少压力的其他方法有建议。故D选项"因此,医生对在大流行期间减少压力的其他方法有建议"符合语境,故选D。
20根据上文"It can help to have a routine—a usual way of doing things． But experts say keep the routine simple．(养成一种例行公事的习惯是有帮助的。但专家表示,保持简单的作息习惯)"可知,上文提到专家建议保持简单的作息习惯,F选项中routine对应上文中routine。故F选项"同样重要的是,如果你不坚持你的日常生活,不要对自己太苛刻"符合语境,故选F。
答案：21-25 CBDAC 26-30 BDBAC 31-35 ADBCA 36-40 DACBD
解析：21．考查名词及语境理解。当我到卢旺达旅行时,我发现了新的孤儿院的情况,并发现了身体受伤并和家人分开的孩子们, secrets秘密; directions方向,指导; choices选择; situation情况。故选C。
22．考查动词及语境理解。当我到卢旺达旅行时,我发现了新的孤儿院的情况,并发现了身体受伤并和家人分开的孩子们, be separated from与．．．分开,为固定搭配。故选B。
23．考查形容词及语境理解。但我还有意外的发现:孩子似乎是真正的幸福, unchallenged不成问题的,未引起争论的; unconcerned不关心的,无关的; unexpected意外的,想不到的; uncivilized未开化的,不文明的。故选D。
24．考查固定搭配及语境理解,毫无疑问他们流了许多眼泪,但是大多数人都不再悲伤或生气了。no doubt表"毫无疑问",为固定搭配。故选A。
25．考查连词及语境理解。毫无疑问他们流了许多眼泪, 但是大多数人都不再悲伤或生气了, or或者,否则; but但是; for为了,因为; so因此。故选C。
26．考查动词及语境理解。他们一起玩耍、唱歌并喜欢孤儿小伙伴的陪伴, ignored忽视; forgot忘记; enjoyed喜欢,享受; sought寻找。故选B。
27．考查形容词及语境理解。我也遇到了弗雷德恩昆达, 一个虽然贫穷但充满了快乐的乌干达人, be filled with充满了, 为固定搭配。故选D。
28．考查动词短语及语境理解。几年后,他患有癌症,但是当他活着的时候,他总是脸上挂着一个灿烂的微笑,并无私地把自己奉献给别人, called for要求,提倡; worried about担心,担忧; suffered from遭受; escaped from从．．．逃脱。故选B。
29．考查名词及语境理解。几年后,他患有癌症,但是当他活着的时候,他总是脸上挂着一个灿烂的微笑并无私地把自己奉献给别人, wear a smile脸上挂着微笑,为固定搭配。故选A。
30．考查名词及语境理解。一对年轻的加拿大夫妇也是如此,他们献身于工作任务(布道), devote one's life to把某人的一生贡献给．．．,为固定搭配,故选C。
31．当我回家时,我注意到了明显的不同。disagreement不同意,分歧; difference不同; similarity相同点; agreement协议,同意。故选A。
32．考查名词及语境理解。大多数美国人缺乏乐趣,而这正是卢旺达的孩子和工人所拥有的, joy乐趣; talent天赋,才能; courage勇气; fortune财富,运气。故选D。
33．考查形容词及语境理解。尽管有巨大的财富、现代便利和其它没完没了的物质祝福, 这里的人们彼此间是冷漠的、不耐烦并表达了他们的不满, honest诚实的; close近的,亲密的; cold冷的,冷漠的; sincere真诚的。故选B。
34．考查名词及语境理解。尽管有巨大的财富、现代便利和其它没完没了的物质祝福,这里的人们彼此间是冷漠的、不耐烦并表达了他们的不满, independence独立; appreciation欣赏,感激; uncertainty不确定; discontent不满意。故选C。
35．考查动词及语境理解。一路走来,我们中的许多人在美国已经失去了一些东西, created创造; lost失去; learned学习; achieved获得,实现。故选A。
36．考查动词及语境理解。我们没能体验到幸福。fail to do未做成．．．,为固定搭配。故选D。
37．考查名词及语境理解。幸福也体现着在我们在家庭、企业和教堂供应方面的短缺, pride骄傲; education教育; supply供应; interest兴趣,故选A。
38．考查名词及语境理解。幸福实际上是一种品德, Happiness幸福; Failure失败; Kindness友好,善良; Regret遗憾,后悔。故选C。
39．考查名词及语境理解。我们理解爱、和平、耐心、善良、诚实、温柔和自我控制的必要性, result结果;source来源;existence存在;necessity必要。故选B。
40．考查副词及语境理解。它很容易被忽略或被认为是生活中无法实现的, hardly几乎不; easily容易地; partly部分地; purposely故意地。故选D。
42brings 42collected 43congratulations 44who 45that 46to start 47peaceful 48from 49carrying 50has been
解析：41考查主谓一致。句意:星期四,中国习近平主席祝贺嫦娥五号任务的圆满成功,带回了来自月球的第一批样本。结合句意可知,此处在讲述客观事实,句子用一般现在时,主语that指代先行词the Chang'e-5 mission,故谓语动词用三单形式,故填brings。
42考查过去分词。句意:星期四,中国习近平主席祝贺嫦娥五号任务的圆满成功,带回了来自月球的第一批样本。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,samples与collect之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语,故填collected。
43考查名词。句意:代表中国共产党中央委员会、国务院和中央军事委员会,中共中央总书记、中央军委主席习近平,对参加“嫦娥五号"任务的全体成员表示祝贺和诚挚问候。congratulations表示"祝贺"常用复数形式,故填congratulations。
44考查定语从句。句意:代表中国共产党中央委员会、国务院和中央军事委员会,中共中央总书记、中央军委主席习近平,对参加“嫦娥五号”任务的全体成员表示祝贺和诚挚问候。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为all members,在从句中作主语,故填who。
45考查宾语从句。句意:习近平席上表示,希望参加"嫦娥五号"任务的人,能发扬"追梦、勇于探索、合作解决困难、共赢合作"的月球探索精神。从而开始新的星际探索,并为将我国建设成为空间大国、民族复兴、和平利用空间和建设人类共同未来的社区作出贡献。分析句子可知,此处引导动词noting后面的宾语从句,在从句中不作成分,没有任何含义,故填that。
46考查动词不定式。句意:习近平席上表示,希望参加“嫦娥五号"任务的人,能发扬“追梦、勇于探索、合作解决困难、共赢合作"的月球探索精神。从而开始新的星际探索,并为将我国建设成为空间大国、民族复兴、和平利用空间和建设人类共同未来的社区作出贡献。so as to表示"为了"符合句意,故填to start。
47考查形容词。句意:习近平席上表示,希望参加"嫦娥五号”任务的人,能发扬追梦、勇于探索、合作解决困难、共赢合作“的月球探索精神。从而开始新的星际探索,并为将我国建设成为空间大国、民族复兴、和平利用空间和建设人类共同未来的社区作出贡献。分析句子可知,此处修饰名词use,故用形容词修饰名词,故填peaceful。
48考查介词。句意:嫦娥五号任务取得了许多重大突破,包括中国第一次月球表面取样和密封、第一次从月球发射、第一次在月球轨道交会和对接,以及第一艘携带样本重返地球大气层的航天器。from表示"从…"符合句意,故填from。
49考查现在分词。句意:嫦娥五号任务取得了许多重大突破,包括中国第一次月球表面取样和密封、第一次从月球发射、第一次在月球轨道交会和对接,以及第一艘携带样本重返地球大气层的航天器。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,spacecraft与carry之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语,故填carrying。
50考查动词时态。句意:嫦娥五号任务自2004年以来一直是中国探月史上的一个巨大里程碑。时间状语为since 2004,句子用现在完成时在,主语The Chang'e-5 mission:为单数形式,故填has been。
第三部分 写作
答案：
I’ m going back home next week, so I’ m writing to express my thanks to you．
During my stay here as an exchange student, wonderful teaching impressed me deeply． Not only you prepare your lessons carefully in advance, but you also behaved like a director in class, us to discuss in groups and share our ideas． moved me most was that you always talked to me patiently when I was turned to you for help． With your encouragement, I became more confident, joined in class more actively, and gained a lot of knowledge in end．
I sincerely invite you visit China one day． I’ m you’ ll have an unforgettable experience fall in love with it．
解析：这是一篇感谢信。作者在即将回国之际表达了对老师的感激之情。
【详解】
1． 考查代词。句意：在我作为交换学生期间，您出色的教学给我留下了深刻的印象。根据wonderful teaching可知，此前应该用形容词性物主代词，故将yours改为your。
2． 考查动词时态。句意：你不仅提前认真备课，而且在课堂上表现得像个导演，鼓励我们小组讨论，分享我们的想法。此处说的是过去的事情，故应该用一般过去时，故将do改为did。
3． 考查非谓语动词。句意：你不仅提前认真备课，而且在课堂上表现得像个导演，鼓励我们小组讨论，分享我们的想法。分析句子成分可知，encourage在句中作伴随状语，与主语you之间为主动关系，故将encourage改为encouraging。
4． 考查主语从句。句意：最让我感动的是，当我向你求助的时候，你总是耐心的和我说话。此句为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，应用what引导，故将Which改为What。
5． 考查动词的语态。句意：让我感动的是，当我向你求助的时候，你总是耐心的和我说话。turn to sb for help意为“向某人寻求帮助”，主语I与turn之间为主动关系，故将was删掉。
6． 考查名词单复数。句意：在您的鼓励下，我变得更加自信，更加积极地参加课堂活动，最终收获了很多知识。activity为可数名词，在此处指复数，故将activity改为activities。
7． 考查冠词。句意：在您的鼓励下，我变得更加自信，更加积极地参加课堂活动，最终收获了很多知识。in the end为固定搭配，意为“最终”，符合语境，故将an改为the。
8． 考查非谓语动词。句意：我真诚地邀请你有一天访问中国。invite sb． to do sth． 为固定用法，意为“邀请某人做某事”，故在visit前加to。
9． 考查形容词。句意：我肯定你会有一个难忘的经历，并会爱上它。此处应该用形容词作表语，故将surely改为sure。
10． 考查连词。句意：我肯定你会有一个难忘的经历，并会爱上它。根据句意可知，难忘的经历和爱上中国为并列关系，故将but改为and。
答案：
Proposal
Dear fellow students,
Traffic accidents cause many deaths and injuries every year. In order to protect ourselves, we should raise our sense of responsibility and road safety awareness.
One major reason for traffic accidents is ignoring traffic rules. Therefore, it is suggested that we students obey traffic lights and always cross the road on a crossing. Besides, we should avoid playing on the road or riding a bike carrying a passenger.
In a word, it is up to all road users to make sure that we pay attention to road safety. Let's do our part.
Students' Union
鲁山县2022-2023学年高三下学期入学测试
英语试题
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Find volunteer opportunities on Australia's largest volunteer website:
Community Visitors Plan
Volunteer to visit and talk with a selected resident in an aged care facility in Sydney on a one- to-one basis, at least once a fortnight or a minimum of 20 visits per year． Your visit will help brighten the day of an elder member of your community and improve their quality of life through friendship and companionship．
Volunteer Non-Executive Director
Greater Whitsunday Alliance (GW3) is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director．
Gallery Attendant
Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force． The role of volunteers is important in enhancing Museum activities and providing programs and services that would not otherwise be available．
Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer
Multiple volunteer positions available at Red Cross Shops across Metro Melbourne． Monday to Sunday (minimum of two four-hour shifts per week) from the start of December to February 29th． By joining the team you'll get the opportunity to provide customer service, create window and visual merchandising displays, sort donations, and help raise money for those in need．
1．Who will most probably get the job as non-executive director?
A．An agricultural expert in his fifties． B．A retired economist from Whitsunday．
C．A senior college student majoring in finance． D．An accountant expecting a handsome income．
2．How many hours at least will a volunteer work in the Red Cross Shop for the season?
A．48． B．52． C．104． D．144．
3．Which one might interest a military fan most?
A．Red Cross Shop Summer Season Volunteer． B．Community Visitors Plan．
C．Volunteer Non-Executive Director． D．Gallery Attendant．
B
A team of researchers from several institutions in the UK and one in Estonia has created a type of buoy(浮标) that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets-a type of vertical fishing net that is made of a material that makes it nearly invisible underwater．
Every year, hundreds of thousands of seabirds die when they get caught in gillnets． Some estimates suggest that up to a half-million birds are caught in them each year． Over the years, researchers have created devices(装置) to prevent the birds from trying to catch fish near or in gillnets, but those didn't work well．
To find a way that would work for all seabirds, the researchers first studied seabirds in a general sense, looking to find things that they would avoid． They noted that seabirds avoided eye contact with other creatures． Then the researchers came up with a simple idea-they put a small pole to a regular buoy and then attached a pair of googly eyes(金鱼眼) to the top of it． They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight, such as geese, would see them． Adding to the effectiveness of the device, waves made the eyes move back and forth． And the wind made the buoy spin very slowly, making sure that birds from every direction would get a good look at the eyes．
To test their idea, the researchers selected several sites near gillnets and counted how many birds approached and how many attempted to catch fish near the nets． They then set up their googly-eyed buoys and once again counted birds． Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters． They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed．
4．What is the function of paragraph 2?
A．Introducing a new topic to discuss． B．Providing background information．
C．Summarizing the previous paragraph． D．Pointing out the main idea of the text．
5．Why did the researchers make the googly eyes big?
A．To ensure all the seabirds can see them． B．To clearly observe seabirds' eye contact．
C．To allow them to survive the strong wind． D．To effectively identify the right direction．
6．What does the researchers' test result mainly suggest?
A．The new device still needs improving． B．Gillnets are a death valley for seabirds．
C．Seabirds hardly catch fish near the nets． D．The googly-eyed buoy proves effective．
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．A group of researchers interested in seabirds．B．A way to help seabirds catch fish effectively．
C．A device keeping seabirds safe from gillnets．D．A googly-eyed buoy guiding seabirds to hunt．
C
Halfway through the women’s slalom (障碍滑雪赛) event at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin held a commanding lead over the greatest women’s slalom skiers in the world． On her final run, she burst from the start house at top speed, zigzagging (曲折行进) around the poles． Suddenly, her left ski slid out, causing her to temporarily lose control． It seemed as if her dreams of a gold medal might slide down the mountain, out of her reach． But in the blink of an eye, Mikaela stopped her mini-skid and rocketed through the rest of her run． She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal．
Skiing has always been a big part of Mikaela’s life． At two and a half years old, Mikaela made her first ski run down her steep driveway on plastic skis． From ages 8 to 11, she worked hard, repeating hundreds of training runs on small hills to learn the correct techniques． When Mikaela was 11, she enrolled at the Burke Mountain Academy, a Vermont boarding school for skiers．
According to headmaster Kirk Dwyer, “What separated Mikaela from others was the degree of her commitment to be the best． Mikaela practiced more than anyone and believed in herself then and now．” At age 14, Mikaela began her international career when she raced in the world championships for 13-and 14-year-olds． And she won! By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race．
For Mikaela, working hard is a full-time job． In the summer, when Mikaela is off the ski slopes and in the gym, her daily training consists of six to seven hours of weightlifting, core body work, and biking to improve her strength and agility．
“If you’re passionate about your goals, whatever they are,” she says, “there’s no limit to what you can achieve． Give it your all!”
8．What happened to Mikaela at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games?
A．She fell behind others at first．
B．She overcame the accident and completed her run．
C．She lost control and slid down the mountain．
D．She was the first slalom skier to win an Olympic gold medal．
9．According to the text, how many times did Mikaela win in international competitions?
A．One B．Two． C．Three． D．Four．
10．Which of the following best describes Mikaela?
A．Demanding and curious． B．Ambitious and diligent．
C．Caring and brave． D．Patient and intelligent．
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Zigzagging to Success B．The Strength of Confidence
C．The Value of Failure D．An Exciting Slalom Event
D
People have different ways of dealing with a common cold． Some take over the counter medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup． Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: nothing really cures it．
So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work? According to James Taylor, professor at the University of Washington, colds usually go away on their own in about a week, improving a little each day after symptoms peak, so it's easy to believe it's medicine rather than time that deserves the credit, USA Today reported．
It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold． Recently, scientists came closer to figure out why． To understand it, you first need to know how antiviral drugs work． They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus． To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough．
The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B． But they didn't find out about the existence of a third virus, rhinovirus C, until 2006． All three of them contribute to the common cold, but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against rhinovirus C．
"This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinoviruses," study leader Professor Ann C． Palmenberg at the University of Wiscons in Madison, US, told Science Daily．
Now, more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C, scientists have finally built a highly detailed 3D model of the virus, showing that the surface of the virus is, as expected, different from that of other cold viruses．
With the model in hand, hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way． Soon, we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don't really work．
12．What does the author think of existing remedies for the common cold?
A．They are quite effective． B．They are slightly helpful．
C．They actually have no effect． D．They still need to be improved．
13．How do antiviral drugs work?
A．By breaking up cold viruses directly．
B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses．
C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases．
D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time．
14．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The surface of cold viruses looks quite similar．
B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold．
C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently．
D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure．
15．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Drugs against cold viruses B．Helpful home remedies
C．No current cure for a common cold D．Research on cold viruses
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before COVID-19, self-care—caring for ourselves—may have not been a priority for many people． 16_____． There is no exact way to practice self-care． It includes many areas and may look different from person to person． Here are some suggestions on what can be done．
17_____
For some people, self-care may be simply slowing down． It can also mean controlling parts of your life that you can control． This is important when the world around you feels out of control．
Learn something new
For some people, self-care might include doing things they have always wanted to do but never made time for． 18_____．
Mental health self-care
Another form of self-care is making time to meet with a mental health specialist, if needed． The Associated Press reports that online mental health services have increased during the pandemic． However, meeting with a mental health professional may not be possible for some people． 19_____． Meditating, writing about your feelings and problems, and organizing the physical space around you are all forms of self-care．
Be kind to yourself—the best type of self-care
Experts remind us that self-care during the pandemic could feel like riding a roller coaster—up some days, down on others．
It can help to have a routine—a usual way of doing things． But experts say "keep the routine simple．" 20_____． Remember, be kind to yourself．
A． Never feel out of control
B． Slow down and feel in control
C． But now it is even more important than usual
D． So doctors have suggestions for other ways to reduce stress during the pandemic
E． Self-care includes both individual wellness and the wellness of the greater community
F． It is also important not to be hard on yourself if you do not keep to your routine every day
G． These things include baking, gardening, and learning a new language or some other new skills
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
God wants you to be happy． It's a simple idea, but a complicated reality．
When traveling to Rwanda to find out the 21 of a new orphanage(孤儿院), I found children who had been injured physically and 22 from their families． But I also found something 23 : children who seemed to be truly happy． No they 24 had shed(流) many tears, 25 most of them were not sad or angry． They played, sang, and 26 the company of their fellow orphans．
I also met Fred Nkunda, a Ugandan man who was 27 with joy despite his poverty, and long hours of working for a small salary． A few years later, he 28 cancer, but while he lived, he wore a big 29 as he selflessly gave himself to others． The same was true for a young Canadian couple who 30 their lives to the mission work(布道)．
When I came home, I noticed a sharp 31 ． Most Americans lacked the 32 that those Rwandan children and mission workers owned． Despite great wealth, modern conveniences and other endless material blessings, people here were 33 to each other, exhibited impatience, and expressed their 34 ． How could this be?
Somewhere along the way, many of us in America have 35 something． We have 36 experience happiness—real happiness that comes from within and flows to others． And it's not just missing in "the world"． It's in short 37 in our homes, businesses, and churches．
38 is actually a personal character． We understand the 39 of love, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control． But happiness? It is 40 ignored or considered as unachievable in this life．
21．A．secrets B．directions C．situations D．choices
22．A．learned B．separated C．protected D．judged
23．A．unchallenged B．unconcerned C．uncivilized D．unexpected
24．A．doubt B．matter C．wonder D．way
25．A．or B．for C．but D．so
26．A．ignored B．enjoyed C．forgot D．sought
27．A．impressed B．concerned C．blessed D．filled
28．A．called for B．suffered from C．worried about D．escaped from
29．A．smile B．sign C．watch D．ring
30．A．reduced B．donated C．devoted D．returned
31．A．difference B．disagreement C．similarity D．agreement
32．A．fortune B．talent C．courage D．joy
33．A．honest B．cold C．close D．sincere
34．A．independence B．appreciation C．discontent D．uncertainty
35．A．lost B．created C．learned D．achieved
36．A．managed to B．struggled to C．hurried to D．failed to
37．A．supply B．education C．pride D．interest
38．A．Kindness B．Failure C．Happiness D．Regret
39．A．result B．necessity C．existence D．source
40．A．hardly B．purposely C．partly D．easily
第二节（共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday congratulated the complete success of the Chang'e-5 mission that 41_____(bring) back the country's first samples 42_____(collect) from the moon．
On behalf of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commissions(CMO), Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the CMC, extended warm 43_____(congratulate) and sincere greetings to all members 44_____ had participated in the Chang'e-5 mission in a congratulatory message．
Noting 45_____ there is no end for space exploration, Xi expressed the hope that those who have participated in the Chang'e-5 mission will carry forward the lunar exploration spirit of pursing dreams and daring to explorer, so as 46_____(start) new exploration to build the country into a major power in space, national rejuvenation(复兴), the 47_____(peace) use of space and the building of a community with a shared future for humanity．
Chang'e-5 mission has achieved many major breakthroughs including China's first lunar surface sampling and sealing, first lift off 48____ the moon and first spacecraft 49_____(carry) samples to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere． The Chang'e-5 mission 50_____(be) a huge milestone in China's lunar exploration history since 2004．
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1． 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2． 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I’ m going back home next week, so I’ m writing to express my thanks to you．
During my stay here as an exchange student, yours wonderful teaching impressed me deeply． Not only do you prepare your lessons carefully in advance, but you also behaved like a director in class, encourage us to discuss in groups and share our ideas． Which moved me most was that you always talked to me patiently when I was turned to you for help． With your encouragement, I became more confident, joined in class activity more actively, and gained a lot of knowledge in an end．
I sincerely invite you visit China one day． I’ m surely you’ ll have an unforgettable experience but fall in love with it．
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
每年,交通事故会导致许多伤亡。请你以学生会的名义写一封有关交通安全的倡议书,内容包括:
1.倡议的目的;
2.倡议的具体内容;
3.提出呼吁。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Proposal
Dear fellow students,
Traffic accidents cause many deaths and injuries every year. In order to
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Students' Union
答案以及解析
答案：1-3 BCD
解析：1．细节理解题。根据"Greater Whitsunday Alliance (GW3) is looking for a willing and experienced industry or community leader from the Whitsunday region who is passionate about the economic development of the greater Whitsunday region to join the GW3 board as volunteer, non-executive director．" Greater Whitsunday联盟正在寻找一位愿意和有经验的行业或社区领袖,来自惠特森德地区,对Greater Whitsunday地区的经济发展充满热情,以志愿者、非执行董事的身份加入GW3董事会,在结合选项可知Greater Whitsunday的退休经济学家更适合这个职位。故选B。
2．数字计算题。根据最后一段"Multiple volunteer positions available at Red Cross Shops across Metro Melbourne． Monday to Sunday (minimum of two four-hour shifts per week) from the start of December to February 29th．"墨尔本地铁站的红十字会商店,有多个志愿者职位空缺,从12月初到2月29日,星期一到星期日(每周至少两班,每班4小时),可知每周要工作8小时,而从12月初到2月29日是三个月,大约是13周,所以总共工作13×8=104小时。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Your commitment to volunteering at the Museum is highly valued by Army Museum North Queensland, the Australian Army History Unit and the Australian Defence Force． The role of volunteers is important in enhancing Museum activities and providing programs and services that would not otherwise be available．"北昆士兰陆军博物馆、澳大利亚陆军历史部门和澳大利亚国防军高度重视你在博物馆志愿服务的承诺。志愿者在加强博物馆活动和提供其他情况下无法提供的项目和服务方面发挥着重要作用。可知Gallery Attendant有关于军事方面的博物馆,所以军事迷最感兴趣的是Gallery Attendant,故选D。
答案：4-7 BADC
解析：4．推理判断题。根据第二段可知,每年都会有海鸟因为被渔网缠住而淹死,虽然多年来研究者一直致力于解决这个问题,但结果不尽人意。由此可推断,第二段主要是在介绍新的装置被发明的背景。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段They made the eyes big enough so that even birds with poor eyesight,such as geese, would see them．"可知,研究人员制作大的金鱼眼是为了确保所有的海鸟都能看见金鱼眼浮标。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段Over the course of 62 days, they found the number of birds that tried to catch fish near the gillnets dropped by approximately 25% for a distance of up to 50 meters． They also found that the birds were less likely to fish near where the buoys had been for up to three weeks after they had been removed．可知,金鱼眼浮标的使用降低了海鸟被渔网缠住的风险,而且海鸟也会有意识地避开曾经放置了金鱼眼浮标的地区。由此可推断,金鱼眼浮标有效地阻止了海鸟靠近渔网从而避免被渔网缠住。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是文章第一段"．．．has created a type of buoy(浮标) that has proven to be effective at frightening seabirds, thus preventing them from getting caught in gillnets．．．"可知,本文主要介绍了研究人员发明的一种防止海鸟被渔网缠住的金鱼眼浮标。
答案：8．B; 9．C; 10．B; 11．A
解析：8．细节理解题根据第一段中 "On her final run, she burst from the start house at top speed, zigzagging (曲折行进) around the poles． Suddenly, her left ski slid out, causing her to temporarily lose control． It seemed as if her dreams of a gold medal might slide down the mountain, out of her reach． But in the blink of an eye, Mikaela stopped her mini-skid and rocketed through the rest of her run． She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal．(在她的最后一圈中, 她以最快的速度冲出起跑点, 绕着杆子弯弯曲曲地跑． 突然, 她左边的滑雪板滑了出来 , 导致她暂时失去了控制． 她的金牌梦似乎要从山上滑下来了, 她够不着了． 但一眨眼的功夫, Mikaela停止了她的迷你滑行, 迅速跑完了剩下的路程． 她成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员 ) " 可知, Mikaela在2014 年冬季奥运会上克服了事故, 完成了比赛． 故选B．
9．细节理解题根据第一段中 " She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal． (她成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员以及第三段中"At age 14, Mikaela began her international career when she raced in the world champion ships for 13- and 14- year - olds． And she won! By the time she was 17, she had already won her first World Cup race． (14岁时Mikaela开始了她的国际职业生涯, 她参加了13-14 岁的世界锦标赛 她赢了! 在她17 岁的时候, 她已经赢得了她的第一次世界杯比赛) " 可知, Mikaela 在国际比赛中赢了三次． 故选C．
10．推理判断题根据倒数第二段 "For Mikaela, working hard is a full-time job． In the summer, when Mikaela is off the ski slopes and in the gym, her daily training consists of six to seven hours of weightlifting, core body work, and biking to improve her strength and agility．(对Mikaela来说, 努力工作是一项全职工作． 夏天, 当Mikaela 离开滑雪场和健身房时, 她的日常训练包括6 到7 个小时的举重、核心健身和骑自行车,以提高她的力量和敏捷性)" 以及最后一段 "If you're passionate about your goals, whatever they are," she says , "there's no limit to what you can achieve． Give it your all! " (如果你对自己的目标充满激情不管是什么," 她说 " 你能实现的目标是无限的． 全力以赴! " ) " 可推知, Mikaela雄心勃勃且勤奋． 故选B．
11．主旨大意题, 根据第一段 "Halfway through the women’s slalom (障碍滑雪赛) event at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, 18-year-old Mikaela Shiffrin held a commanding lead over the greatest women’s slalom skiers in the world． On her final run, she burst from the start house at top speed, zigzagging (曲折行进) around the poles． Suddenly, her left ski slid out, causing her to temporarily lose control． It seemed as if her dreams of a gold medal might slide down the mountain, out of her reach． But in the blink of an eye, Mikaela stopped her mini-skid and rocketed through the rest of her run． She became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal．(2014 年俄罗斯索契冬奥女子回转项目进行到一半时, 18 岁的Mikaela Shiffrim 以压倒性优势击败了世界上最伟大的女子选手． 在她的最后一圈中, 她以最快的速度冲出起跑点, 绕着杆子弯弯曲曲地跑． 突然, 她左边的滑雪板滑了出来, 导致她暂时失去了控制 ． 她的金牌梦似乎要从山上滑下来了, 她够不着了． 但一眨眼的功夫, Mikaela 停止了她的迷你滑行, 迅速跑完了剩下的路程． 她成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员 ) " 结合文章主要讲述了Mikaela Shiffin 在 2014 年冬奥会上克服了事故, 完成了比赛,成为有史以来赢得奥运金牌的最年轻的障碍滑雪运动员． 文章还介绍了Mikaela从事滑雪运动的经过以及她雄心勃勃且勤奋的品质． 可知, 故A 选项 " 曲折走向成功 " 最符合文章标题． 故选A ．
答案：12-15 CBDC
解析：12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold: Nothing really cures it．可知,作者认为普遍的治疗药物实际上没有效果,故选择C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus．可知,它们通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒,故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中To do that, the drug must fit and lock into the vims like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图), which means scientists have to identify the vims and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough, 可知,科学家们识別病毒并建立三维模型来研究其表面才能设计一个足够有效的抗病毒药物,所以推断,了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗方法的关键。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章开头段落点明了主题, 并与最后一段相呼应,使我们了解到目前我们没有药物能真正治愈普通感冒。选项C符合文意。
答案：16-20CBGDF
解析：16根据上文"Before COVID-19, self-care—caring for ourselves-may have not been a priority for many people．(在COVID-19之前,自我护理—照顾自己—可能不是许多人的优先事项)"结合后文提出了一些自我护理的方法,可知本句与上文构成转折,指出自我护理的重要性。故C选项"但是现在它比平时更重要"符合语境,故选C。
17据后文"For some people, self-care may be simply slowing down． It can also mean controlling parts of your life that you can control． This is important when the world around you feels out of control．(对一些人来说,自我护理可能只是慢了下来。它也可以指控制你生活中你能控制的部分。当你感到周围的世界失控时,这一点很重要)"可知,本段关于自我护理的方法是慢下来,B选项中Slow down对应后文中slowing down。故B选项"慢下来,感觉一切尽在掌握"符合语境,故选B。
18根据小标题"Learn something new(学习新事物)"以及上文"For some people, self-care might include doing things they have always wanted to do but never made time for．(对一些人来说,自我照顾可能包括做一些他们一直想做但从来没有时间做的事情)"可知,本段提出的建议是学习新事物,本句为本段最后一句,应举例说明可以学习哪些新事物。故G选项"这些事情包括烘焙、园艺、学习一门新语言或其他一些新技能"符合语境,故选G。
19根据上文"However, meeting with a mental health professional may not be possible for some people．(然而,对一些人来说,与心理健康专业人士见面可能是不可能的)"以及后文"Meditating, writing about your feelings and problems, and organizing the physical space around you are all forms of self-care．(冥想,写下你的感受和问题,整理你周围的物理空间,这些都是自我照顾的形式)"可知,上文提到与心理健康专业人士见面不可能,后文则提到了其它自我照顾的方式,可知本句与上文构成因果关系,指出医生对在大流行期间减少压力的其他方法有建议。故D选项"因此,医生对在大流行期间减少压力的其他方法有建议"符合语境,故选D。
20根据上文"It can help to have a routine—a usual way of doing things． But experts say keep the routine simple．(养成一种例行公事的习惯是有帮助的。但专家表示,保持简单的作息习惯)"可知,上文提到专家建议保持简单的作息习惯,F选项中routine对应上文中routine。故F选项"同样重要的是,如果你不坚持你的日常生活,不要对自己太苛刻"符合语境,故选F。
答案：21-25 CBDAC 26-30 BDBAC 31-35 ADBCA 36-40 DACBD
解析：21．考查名词及语境理解。当我到卢旺达旅行时,我发现了新的孤儿院的情况,并发现了身体受伤并和家人分开的孩子们, secrets秘密; directions方向,指导; choices选择; situation情况。故选C。
22．考查动词及语境理解。当我到卢旺达旅行时,我发现了新的孤儿院的情况,并发现了身体受伤并和家人分开的孩子们, be separated from与．．．分开,为固定搭配。故选B。
23．考查形容词及语境理解。但我还有意外的发现:孩子似乎是真正的幸福, unchallenged不成问题的,未引起争论的; unconcerned不关心的,无关的; unexpected意外的,想不到的; uncivilized未开化的,不文明的。故选D。
24．考查固定搭配及语境理解,毫无疑问他们流了许多眼泪,但是大多数人都不再悲伤或生气了。no doubt表"毫无疑问",为固定搭配。故选A。
25．考查连词及语境理解。毫无疑问他们流了许多眼泪, 但是大多数人都不再悲伤或生气了, or或者,否则; but但是; for为了,因为; so因此。故选C。
26．考查动词及语境理解。他们一起玩耍、唱歌并喜欢孤儿小伙伴的陪伴, ignored忽视; forgot忘记; enjoyed喜欢,享受; sought寻找。故选B。
27．考查形容词及语境理解。我也遇到了弗雷德恩昆达, 一个虽然贫穷但充满了快乐的乌干达人, be filled with充满了, 为固定搭配。故选D。
28．考查动词短语及语境理解。几年后,他患有癌症,但是当他活着的时候,他总是脸上挂着一个灿烂的微笑,并无私地把自己奉献给别人, called for要求,提倡; worried about担心,担忧; suffered from遭受; escaped from从．．．逃脱。故选B。
29．考查名词及语境理解。几年后,他患有癌症,但是当他活着的时候,他总是脸上挂着一个灿烂的微笑并无私地把自己奉献给别人, wear a smile脸上挂着微笑,为固定搭配。故选A。
30．考查名词及语境理解。一对年轻的加拿大夫妇也是如此,他们献身于工作任务(布道), devote one's life to把某人的一生贡献给．．．,为固定搭配,故选C。
31．当我回家时,我注意到了明显的不同。disagreement不同意,分歧; difference不同; similarity相同点; agreement协议,同意。故选A。
32．考查名词及语境理解。大多数美国人缺乏乐趣,而这正是卢旺达的孩子和工人所拥有的, joy乐趣; talent天赋,才能; courage勇气; fortune财富,运气。故选D。
33．考查形容词及语境理解。尽管有巨大的财富、现代便利和其它没完没了的物质祝福, 这里的人们彼此间是冷漠的、不耐烦并表达了他们的不满, honest诚实的; close近的,亲密的; cold冷的,冷漠的; sincere真诚的。故选B。
34．考查名词及语境理解。尽管有巨大的财富、现代便利和其它没完没了的物质祝福,这里的人们彼此间是冷漠的、不耐烦并表达了他们的不满, independence独立; appreciation欣赏,感激; uncertainty不确定; discontent不满意。故选C。
35．考查动词及语境理解。一路走来,我们中的许多人在美国已经失去了一些东西, created创造; lost失去; learned学习; achieved获得,实现。故选A。
36．考查动词及语境理解。我们没能体验到幸福。fail to do未做成．．．,为固定搭配。故选D。
37．考查名词及语境理解。幸福也体现着在我们在家庭、企业和教堂供应方面的短缺, pride骄傲; education教育; supply供应; interest兴趣,故选A。
38．考查名词及语境理解。幸福实际上是一种品德, Happiness幸福; Failure失败; Kindness友好,善良; Regret遗憾,后悔。故选C。
39．考查名词及语境理解。我们理解爱、和平、耐心、善良、诚实、温柔和自我控制的必要性, result结果;source来源;existence存在;necessity必要。故选B。
40．考查副词及语境理解。它很容易被忽略或被认为是生活中无法实现的, hardly几乎不; easily容易地; partly部分地; purposely故意地。故选D。
42brings 42collected 43congratulations 44who 45that 46to start 47peaceful 48from 49carrying 50has been
解析：41考查主谓一致。句意:星期四,中国习近平主席祝贺嫦娥五号任务的圆满成功,带回了来自月球的第一批样本。结合句意可知,此处在讲述客观事实,句子用一般现在时,主语that指代先行词the Chang'e-5 mission,故谓语动词用三单形式,故填brings。
42考查过去分词。句意:星期四,中国习近平主席祝贺嫦娥五号任务的圆满成功,带回了来自月球的第一批样本。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,samples与collect之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语,故填collected。
43考查名词。句意:代表中国共产党中央委员会、国务院和中央军事委员会,中共中央总书记、中央军委主席习近平,对参加“嫦娥五号"任务的全体成员表示祝贺和诚挚问候。congratulations表示"祝贺"常用复数形式,故填congratulations。
44考查定语从句。句意:代表中国共产党中央委员会、国务院和中央军事委员会,中共中央总书记、中央军委主席习近平,对参加“嫦娥五号”任务的全体成员表示祝贺和诚挚问候。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为all members,在从句中作主语,故填who。
45考查宾语从句。句意:习近平席上表示,希望参加"嫦娥五号"任务的人,能发扬"追梦、勇于探索、合作解决困难、共赢合作"的月球探索精神。从而开始新的星际探索,并为将我国建设成为空间大国、民族复兴、和平利用空间和建设人类共同未来的社区作出贡献。分析句子可知,此处引导动词noting后面的宾语从句,在从句中不作成分,没有任何含义,故填that。
46考查动词不定式。句意:习近平席上表示,希望参加“嫦娥五号"任务的人,能发扬“追梦、勇于探索、合作解决困难、共赢合作"的月球探索精神。从而开始新的星际探索,并为将我国建设成为空间大国、民族复兴、和平利用空间和建设人类共同未来的社区作出贡献。so as to表示"为了"符合句意,故填to start。
47考查形容词。句意:习近平席上表示,希望参加"嫦娥五号”任务的人,能发扬追梦、勇于探索、合作解决困难、共赢合作“的月球探索精神。从而开始新的星际探索,并为将我国建设成为空间大国、民族复兴、和平利用空间和建设人类共同未来的社区作出贡献。分析句子可知,此处修饰名词use,故用形容词修饰名词,故填peaceful。
48考查介词。句意:嫦娥五号任务取得了许多重大突破,包括中国第一次月球表面取样和密封、第一次从月球发射、第一次在月球轨道交会和对接,以及第一艘携带样本重返地球大气层的航天器。from表示"从…"符合句意,故填from。
49考查现在分词。句意:嫦娥五号任务取得了许多重大突破,包括中国第一次月球表面取样和密封、第一次从月球发射、第一次在月球轨道交会和对接,以及第一艘携带样本重返地球大气层的航天器。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作定语,spacecraft与carry之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语,故填carrying。
50考查动词时态。句意:嫦娥五号任务自2004年以来一直是中国探月史上的一个巨大里程碑。时间状语为since 2004,句子用现在完成时在,主语The Chang'e-5 mission:为单数形式,故填has been。
第三部分 写作
答案：
I’ m going back home next week, so I’ m writing to express my thanks to you．
During my stay here as an exchange student, wonderful teaching impressed me deeply． Not only you prepare your lessons carefully in advance, but you also behaved like a director in class, us to discuss in groups and share our ideas． moved me most was that you always talked to me patiently when I was turned to you for help． With your encouragement, I became more confident, joined in class more actively, and gained a lot of knowledge in end．
I sincerely invite you visit China one day． I’ m you’ ll have an unforgettable experience fall in love with it．
解析：这是一篇感谢信。作者在即将回国之际表达了对老师的感激之情。
【详解】
1． 考查代词。句意：在我作为交换学生期间，您出色的教学给我留下了深刻的印象。根据wonderful teaching可知，此前应该用形容词性物主代词，故将yours改为your。
2． 考查动词时态。句意：你不仅提前认真备课，而且在课堂上表现得像个导演，鼓励我们小组讨论，分享我们的想法。此处说的是过去的事情，故应该用一般过去时，故将do改为did。
3． 考查非谓语动词。句意：你不仅提前认真备课，而且在课堂上表现得像个导演，鼓励我们小组讨论，分享我们的想法。分析句子成分可知，encourage在句中作伴随状语，与主语you之间为主动关系，故将encourage改为encouraging。
4． 考查主语从句。句意：最让我感动的是，当我向你求助的时候，你总是耐心的和我说话。此句为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，应用what引导，故将Which改为What。
5． 考查动词的语态。句意：让我感动的是，当我向你求助的时候，你总是耐心的和我说话。turn to sb for help意为“向某人寻求帮助”，主语I与turn之间为主动关系，故将was删掉。
6． 考查名词单复数。句意：在您的鼓励下，我变得更加自信，更加积极地参加课堂活动，最终收获了很多知识。activity为可数名词，在此处指复数，故将activity改为activities。
7． 考查冠词。句意：在您的鼓励下，我变得更加自信，更加积极地参加课堂活动，最终收获了很多知识。in the end为固定搭配，意为“最终”，符合语境，故将an改为the。
8． 考查非谓语动词。句意：我真诚地邀请你有一天访问中国。invite sb． to do sth． 为固定用法，意为“邀请某人做某事”，故在visit前加to。
9． 考查形容词。句意：我肯定你会有一个难忘的经历，并会爱上它。此处应该用形容词作表语，故将surely改为sure。
10． 考查连词。句意：我肯定你会有一个难忘的经历，并会爱上它。根据句意可知，难忘的经历和爱上中国为并列关系，故将but改为and。
答案：
Proposal
Dear fellow students,
Traffic accidents cause many deaths and injuries every year. In order to protect ourselves, we should raise our sense of responsibility and road safety awareness.
One major reason for traffic accidents is ignoring traffic rules. Therefore, it is suggested that we students obey traffic lights and always cross the road on a crossing. Besides, we should avoid playing on the road or riding a bike carrying a passenger.
In a word, it is up to all road users to make sure that we pay attention to road safety. Let's do our part.
Students' Union
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