2022-2023学年上海市曹杨第二中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市曹杨第二中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共34页。

曹杨二中高三年级期中考试英语试卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. In an office. B. In a hospital.
C. In a hotel. D. In a drugstore.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Where shall I register please?
M: You’d better describe your symptoms to the staff at the reception desk first.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The woman likes this apartment.
B. The couple has limited budget to buy an apartment.
C. The apartment without balcony is the best choice for the couple.
D. The apartment with a balcony facing north would be hot in the summer.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I won’t buy this apartment. You see, the balcony is facing north.
M: This is the only one that we can afford. Although it is cold in the winter, it could be cool in the summer.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Regretful. B. Confident
C. Indifferent. D. Sympathetic.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I shouldn’t have yelled at you in public yesterday.
W: I have had enough of your apologies.
Q: How did the man feel?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The cell phone has a quality problem.
B. The phone’s quality is guaranteed for a year.
C. The cell phone can be repaired free of charge within a week.
D. The man can get his money back within a year if there is a quality problem.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: How long is this cell phone guaranteed?
W: You can refund it in 7 days and exchange it within a year if there is a quality problem.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Employer and employee. B. Interviewer and interviewee.
C. Teacher and student. D. Parent and child.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Could I possibly leave early today?
W: I’m afraid not. We’re going to have a dictation and the grade is counted in your performance evaluation.
Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. It was inspiring. B. It was not true.
C. It was surprising. D. It was not interesting.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Did you hear the announcement?
W: Yes, but I could hardly believe my ears!
Q: What does the woman imply about the announcement?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Mary. B. Joanna.
C. Kate. D. May.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Most of the girls in this class are tall for their age. Among them, who is the tallest one?
W: Mary is shorter than Joanna and Kate, who are both shorter than May.
Q: Who is the tallest?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. She wouldn’t mind their cutting down the tree.
B. She would be glad if they cut down the tree.
C. She would rather they didn’t cut down the tree.
D. She likes to sit in the garden and look at the tree.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: We are thinking of cutting down this tree. Would you mind?
W: I would rather you didn’t. I like having it to look at. And it provides shade for our garden.
Q: What is the woman’s opinion?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. It is expensive during the Christmas season.
B. She can reserve a room for the man for the whole week.
C. The man has to change a hotel during the Christmas season.
D. The man has to live in different rooms during the Christmas season.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: I am calling to reserve a room from Dec. 20 to Dec. 26.
W: Sorry, that is Christmas season. But if you don’t mind changing rooms mid-way through your stay, we could work something out.
Q: What does the woman mean?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The man canceled the trip because it was too expensive.
B. The man received a notice and had to cancel the trip.
C. There was some mechanical problem with the liner.
D. Bad weather led to the cancellation of the trip.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: Why are you still here? I heard that you would be on a luxury liner now.
M: The trip was cancelled because the weather became stormy at very short notice.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11.
A. It prevents oceans from oil pollution quickly.
B. It effectively improves air quality on airplanes.
C. It treats diseases happening on airplanes quickly.
D. It costs more but can be easily fixed into airplanes.
12.
A. To inspire teenagers to challenge the authorities.
B. To persuade more teens to do good for society.
C. To get more teens involved in scientific competitions.
D. To encourage young people to get interested in science.
13.
A. More than 30% of finalists received awards and prizes.
B. Scientists all over the world competed for grand prizes.
C. Nearly 1000 judges were present at the competition.
D. The prize money was offered by Intel alone.
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A
【解析】
【原文】A 17-year-old Canadian, Raymond Wang, was awarded first place for a device that improves air quality on airplanes while cutting down the spreading of diseases at this year’s Intel International Science and Engineering Fair.
According to Intel, Wang’s system improves the quality of fresh air in a plane cabin by more than 190 percent, while cutting diseases by up to 55 times, compared to conventional designs. Intel noted that Wang’s invention could be easily and economically fixed into existing airplanes.
Two other teen researchers earned awards of $50,000 each at the event. One developed a technique to more quickly diagnose diseases caused by HIV. It’s the virus responsible for AIDS. The other invented a device to more quickly shut down undersea oil spills.
“Intel believes young people are the key to future innovation and that in order to confront the global challenges of tomorrow, we need students from all backgrounds to get involved in science, technology and engineering,” says Wendy Hawkins, executive director of the Intel Foundation. “We hope these winners will inspire other young people to pursue their interest in these fields,” she says, “and apply their curiosity and creativity to the common good.”
This year’s fair featured approximately 1,700 young scientists selected from more than 75 countries and regions. In addition to the top winners, 600 finalists received awards and prizes for their innovative research. The fair was funded jointly by Intel and the Intel Foundation with additional awards and support from dozens of other academic, governmental and scientific organizations. Four million U. S. dollars was awarded.
The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair honors the world’s most promising student scientists, inventors and engineers. Their projects are then evaluated online by nearly 1,000 judges from almost every scientific field.
Questions:
11. What is special about Raymond Wang’s system?
12. For what purpose is the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair carried out?
13. What do we know about this year’s Intel International Science and Engineering Fair?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.
A. It can satisfy the tastes of different people.
B. People can pay less money.
C. People can get together with their friends.
D. It can cook different meals.
15.
A. You should use the Wolt app.
B. It has been run for more than two years.
C. It will replace take-out restaurants soon.
D. You can enjoy the service in your living-room.
16.
A. The way to order take-out. B. A worldwide food service.
C. American Express and Wolt. D. The “Take In” restaurant in Helsinki.
【答案】14. A 15. A 16. D
【解析】
【原文】 The “Take In” restaurant in Helsinki, Finland, is currently in the news for its novel service. Instead of cooking meals in its own kitchen — which doesn’t exist — it allows customers to order various dishes from a selection of 20 other restaurants in the city.
Sponsored by American Express and Wolt, a popular food delivery app, Take In is a pop-up restaurant. It opened at the beginning of November and will run through May next year.
As you’ve probably already guessed, the name “Take In” is a clever play on the word take-out. The whole point of ordering take-out is to avoid going to a restaurant, and if you’re going to dress up to go out, you might as well go straight to your favorite restaurant instead of ordering food from it somewhere else. But here’s the idea behind it — when you go out with a group of friends and you can’t decide where to go for dinner, because everyone wants to order something else, Take In is the perfect solution.
“We want to be a living room in the city,” said a Wolt spokesperson. “We all know what it’s like when you’re going out for dinner with a big group of friends. Everyone wants to order what they like. What are you going to do? Well, the answer in Helsinki right now is you come to Take In because you can do all of those things in the same place.”
Customers are more than welcome to stick to the selection of drinks available at the bar, but if they want to try the “take in” experience, all they have to do is use the Wolt app. Once they order and pay for their meals, all they have to do is wait for someone to deliver it to the pop-up restaurant.
Questions:
14. Why is the “Take In” restaurant popular with people?
15. What do we know about the “Take In” restaurant?
16. What is the central theme of the passage?
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17.
A. Editor. B. Waitress.
C. Politician. D. Teacher.
18.
A. Because the Youth Council asked her to choose it.
B. Because she wanted to win equal rights for women.
C. Because she managed to fit it all in her schedule
D. Because it could leave her much time for studying.
19.
A. Youth Council members are aged between 14 and 18.
B. Caroline is having a lot of trouble with her studies.
C. Caroline finds her minor subject very interesting.
D. Caroline studies history as her minor subject.
20.
A. 4pm. B. 4:30pm
C. 5p.m. D. 5:30pm.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Good morning. Youth Council, Jeffery speaking.
W: Hello, I am interested in standing for election to the Youth Council. I was told to give you a call.
M: Could I have your name and age? You know, we are looking for people aged from 13 to 18.
W: Caroline, and I have just turned 17.
M: Are you working here or are you a student, Caroline?
W: I started studying at the university a couple of weeks ago, and I have got a part-time job for a few hours a week.
M: What do you do?
W: I have just finished a short-term contract as a waitress and now I am working as an editor for the school newspaper.
M: That can’t leave you much time for studying.
W: Oh, it is not too bad. I manage to fit it all in.
M: What are you studying?
W: My ambition is to do something for the equal rights of women. So I chose politics as my major. That is partly why I think the Youth Council is important and want to be part of it.
M: I suppose you also take a minor subject, aren’t you?
W: I chose history. But I am not finding it as interesting as I expected.
M: I have got your personal details. You will talk to our Elections Officer and I can arrange a meeting for you. For next Monday, is 4 p.m. OK for you?
W: My class finishes at 4 and it takes me half an hour to reach here.
M: Fine, let’s say 5 p.m. Don’t be late because the officer generally leaves at around 5:30.
W: Thanks a lot. I will be there on time.
Questions:
17. What is Caroline’s current job?
18. Why did Caroline choose politics as her major?
19. Which of the following statements is true?
20. When is the appointment with the Elections Officer next Monday?
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ancient Whale Skeleton Holds Clues to Climate Change
A whale skeleton thought to be up to 5000 years old has been discovered, almost perfectly preserved, by researchers in Thailand.
The skeleton, believed ____21____ (be) a Bryde’s whale, was found in Samut Sakhon, west of Bangkok. Researchers have excavated (挖掘) 80% of the remains and so far have identified nine complete vertebrae (椎骨), five ribs, shoulder blade and fins. The skeleton ____22____ (measure) 12 metres, with a skull that is 3 metres long.
The bones will be carbon dated to identify their age, but it is thought that they are ____23____ 3000 and 5000 years old.
Bryde’s whales are still found in Thailand’s waters, ____24____ they are considered a protected species. The whales—which prefer waters above 16℃ and feed on schooling fish such as anchovies—face threats from fishing equipment ____25____ tourism.
The remains, which were found about 12 kilometres inland, will help scientists understand the evolution of the species, and track ____26____ sea levels have changed over thousands of years.
Marcus Chua, of the National University of Singapore, said the discovery adds to evidence of “relatively large sea level changes around 6000 years to 3000 years ago in the Gulf of Thailand, where the shoreline was up to tens of kilometres inland in comparison to the present coast.”
Previously, only marine deposits ____27____ (contain) small fossilised marine shells or crabs had been found inland, and it was not clear ____28____ those fossils had been moved by humans, said Chua. “A large subfossil whale dated thousands of years ago near Bangkok would provide strong evidence of where the sea was during that time.” he said.
Such evidence is highly relevant, given that the climate crisis is contributing to rising sea levels. “This ____29____ certainly bring attention to the issue, and show how and where low-lying areas was flooded,” said Chua.
The discovery will also help deepen researchers’ understanding of the Bryde’s whale, and other marine life. Alongside the skeleton, researchers found preserved items including shark teeth and shells. “Scientists could also study the deposits ____30____ (find) at the same level as the whale to reconstruct the biological communities present during that time, and compare them to present day systems,” said Chua.
【答案】21. to be
22. measures
23. between
24. where 25. and
26. how 27. containing
28. whether
29. could##can
30. found
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是泰国研究人员发现了一具被认为有5000年历史的鲸鱼骨架，几乎保存完好，文中也说明了这一发现的意义。
【21题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这具骨架被认为是一头布氏鲸，是在曼谷西部的Samut Sakhon发现的。sth. be believed to do是固定短语，意为“某物被认为做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to be，故填to be。
【22题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：骨架长12米，头骨长3米。句子描述客观事实，measure意为“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”，句子用主动语态，时态是一般现在时，主语skeleton是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数measures。故填measures。
【23题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：这些骨头将通过碳年代测定来确定它们的年龄，但人们认为它们的年龄在3000到5000岁之间。between...and...是固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”，故填between。
【24题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：布莱德鲸在泰国水域仍能找到，它们被认为是受保护的物种。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词Thailand’s waters是地方，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。
【25题详解】
考查连词。句意：鲸鱼喜欢16℃以上的水域，以凤尾鱼等鱼群为食，面临着捕鱼设备和旅游业的威胁。fishing equipment和tourism之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。
【26题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这些在内陆约12公里处发现的遗骸将帮助科学家了解该物种的进化，并跟踪海平面在数千年里的变化。分析可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，根据语境可知，句子表示“跟踪海平面在数千年里是如何变化的”，空格处意为“如何”，因此空格处用how引导宾语从句，故填how。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Chua说，此前，只有在内陆发现了含有小型海洋贝壳或螃蟹化石的海洋沉积物，不清楚这些化石是否被人类移动过。句中谓语是had been found，空格处用非谓语动词，deposits和contain之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填containing。
【28题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：Chua说，此前，只有在内陆发现了含有小型海洋贝壳或螃蟹化石的海洋沉积物，不清楚这些化石是否被人类移动过。分析可知，it是形式主语，空格处引导的是主语从句，根据语境可知，句子表示“不清楚这些化石是否被人类移动过”，空格处意为“是否”，用whether引导主语从句，故填whether。
【29题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：Chua说：“这无疑会引起人们对这个问题的关注，并显示了低洼地区是如何以及在哪里被洪水淹没的。”空后是动词原形bring，空格处用情态动词，根据语境可知，句子表示“这无疑会引起人们对这个问题的关注”，空格处意为“能够”，用情态动词could/can，故填could/can。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Chua说：“科学家也可以研究在鲸鱼所在的同一水平层发现的沉积物，重建当时的生物群落，并将它们与现在的系统进行比较。”句中谓语是could also study，空格处用非谓语动词，deposits和find之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填found。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. primarily B. beneficial C. set D. luxury E. virtually
F. fetch G. crown H. diplomacy I. touch J. appealing K. fascinating
Kweichow Moutai, the company that makes the eponymous (同名的) liquor, is China’s most valuable firm outside of technology. Globally, its market cap has surpassed Coca-Cola, which had long held the ____31____ as the world’s largest beverage maker.
Apart from the Chinese diaspora (移民社区), however, Moutai is still ____32____ unknown overseas. Almost all — about 97% — of its sales come from China alone, according to its financial reports.
So how is a company that sells its products ____33____ in just one country now worth more than some longstanding global corporations? And can Kweichow Moutai succeed in ____34____ to non-Chinese consumers?
Moutai is named after Maotai, a picturesque small town in the southwestern Chinese province of Guizhou. This is where the company says its baijiu — distilled (蒸馏) from fermented (发酵的) sorghum and rice — gets the magic ____35____.
According to the Moutai Museum, environmental factors, such as the town’s climate and seasonal changes in the water of the local river, help give the liquor its unique taste and is ____36____ to the production process.
Known as the favorite tipple of Mao Zedong, founder of Communist China, and as the ‘drink of ____37____,’ it was famously used to welcome former US President Richard Nixon on his historic trip to China in 1972, and again in 2013 when Chinese President Xi Jinping met with his US counterpart, Barack Obama, in California.
Being part of so many major public events in China ‘has really ____38____ the brand in the national consciousness,’ said Cavender, the managing director of China Market Research Group.
Today, the brand is seen more as a ____39____ status symbol. Some customers buy it not to drink, but to keep as investments. Limited-edition cases are collected and showcased by international auction houses, like Christie’s, which says that some bottles can ____40____ more than $40,000 each.
“It’s also been a tremendous advantage during an economically tough year: wealthy consumers who are spending less on travel may splurge more on liquor,” Cavender said.
【答案】31. G 32. E
33. A 34. J
35. I 36. B
37. H 38. C
39 D 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是贵州茅台的相关信息。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：在全球范围内，它的市值已经超过了长期占据全球最大饮料制造商桂冠的可口可乐。由空后“the world’s largest beverage maker”可知，可口可乐长期占据全球最大饮料制造商桂冠，空格处意为“桂冠”，用名词作宾语，是crown。故选G。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，除了中国侨民，茅台在海外几乎还不为人知。由下文“Almost all — about 97% — of its sales come from China alone”可知，茅台在海外几乎还不为人知，空格处意为“几乎”，用副词修饰形容词unknown，“几乎”的副词是virtually。故选E。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：那么，一家主要在一个国家销售产品的公司，为何现在的价值超过了一些老牌跨国公司呢？由第二段的“Almost all — about 97% — of its sales come from China alone”和空后“in just one country”可知，句子表示“一家主要在一个国家销售产品的公司，为何现在的价值超过了一些老牌跨国公司呢”，空格处意为“主要地”，用副词修饰介词短语，是primarily。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动名词。句意：贵州茅台能否成功吸引非中国消费者？由空后“to non-Chinese consumers”可知，句子表示“贵州茅台能否成功吸引非中国消费者”，空格处意为“吸引”，是固定短语appeal to，in是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语。故选J。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：该公司称，这就是从发酵高粱和大米中蒸馏出来的白酒的神奇之处。由上文“baijiu - distilled (蒸馏) from fermented (发酵的) sorghum and rice”可知，句子表示“这就是从发酵高粱和大米中蒸馏出来的白酒的神奇之处”，magic touch意为“魔力”，因此空格处是touch。故选I。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：据茅台博物馆介绍，环境因素，如城镇的气候和当地河水的季节性变化，有助于茅台酒独特的味道，并有利于生产过程。由上文“help give the liquor its unique taste”可知，句子表示“环境因素，如城镇的气候和当地河水的季节性变化，有助于茅台酒独特的味道，并有利于生产过程”，空格处意为“有利于”，用形容词作表语，是beneficial。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：它被称为共产主义中国的创始人毛泽东最喜欢的烈酒，也被称为“外交之酒”，1972年，美国前总统Richard Nixon对中国进行历史性访问时，人们就是用它来欢迎他的， 2013年，中国国家主席习近平在加利福尼亚州会见了美国总统Barack Obama，它又再一次被用来欢迎Barack Obama。由下文“it was famously used to welcome former US President Richard Nixon”可知，茅台被称为“外交之酒”，空格处意为“外交”，是diplomacy。故选H。
【38题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：中国市场研究集团(China Market Research Group)董事总经理卡文德说，在中国参与这么多重大公共活动确实让该品牌进入了国民意识。由空后“the brand in the national consciousness”可知，句子表示“让该品牌进入了国民意识”，空格处意为“放，置”，是set，由has可知，句子时态是现在完成时，空格处用过去分词set。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：如今，这个品牌更多地被视为一种奢侈的身份象征。由下文“more than $40,000 each”可知，这个品牌更多地被视为一种奢侈的身份象征，空格处意为“奢侈”，是luxury。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：Christie’s等国际拍卖行收集并展出了限量版的茅台。Christie’s说，有些酒可以卖到4万多美元一瓶。由空后“more than $40,000 each”可知，有些酒可以卖到4万多美元一瓶，空格处意为“售得，卖得”，是fetch，can是情态动词，其后跟动词原形。故选F。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational (理智的). But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without ____41____. Times up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often ____42____.
Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will ____43____ unless you pull a lever (杠杆) that pushes it onto another track— where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: ____44____ the loss of life — a “utillitarian” (功利主义的) goal as philosopher put it — is the thing to do.
But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a ____45____ whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five ____46____ and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. ____47____, now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade off. Why? According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to ____48____ than does the leve-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more ____49____ than the hesitation to a deadly lever pull.
Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional _____50_____ compete for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win.
And when they lose, it is only after a tough _____51_____ process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering (死) a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other _____52_____.
Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should _____53_____ our moral intutions (本能) and ask whether that logic deserves respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “_____54_____” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed be a(n) “_____55_____ of the passion.”
41. A. comprehension B. hesitation C. resolution D. imagination
42. A. diverse B. generous C. passive D. decisive
43. A. die B. continue C. hesitate D. escape
44. A. respecting B. minimizing C. investigating D. maximizing
45. A. referee B. counselor C. criminal D. bystander
46. A. proportion B. deal C. loss D. gain
47. A. Likewise B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover
48. A. imagination B. reason C. emotion D. belief
49. A. polite B. religious C. professional D. intense
50. A. concerns B. efforts C. bonds D. therapies
51. A. self-serving B. decision-making C. problem-solving D. truth-seeking
52. A. innocents B. barriers C. examples D. accidents
53. A. follow B. spread C. examine D. ignore
54. A. selfless B. self-restraint C. self-deceptive D. selfish
55. A. master B. advocate C. slave D. protester
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就道德判断过程中，是应该由理性还是由情感来做出决定这一问题进行了论述。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哲学家们为这一主张争论了四分之一个千年，却没有正式决定。A. comprehension理解；B. hesitation犹豫；C. resolution正式决定；D. imagination想象力。根据后文“Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter.”可知，现在科学家还在介入解决这一问题，所以此处哲学家们还没有得出正式决定。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然理性可以塑造道德判断，但情感往往是决定性的。A. diverse多种多样的；B. generous慷慨的；C. passive被动的；D. decisive决定性的。根据后文“Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional ____10____ compete for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win.”可知，研究表明，情感通常会战胜理性，所以此处表示情感往往是决定性的。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：假设一辆手推车沿着铁轨滚向五个人，除非你拉动一个杠杆将其推到另一条铁轨上，否则这五个人将死去——不幸的是，那里也躺着一个人，如果拉动杠杆，那个人将代替五个人死去。A. die死；B. continue继续；C. hesitate犹豫；D. escape逃跑。根据后文“where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead”可知，另一条铁轨上也躺着一个人，如果拉动杠杆，那个人将会代替五个人死去，可知，此处表示如果没有拉动杠杆，五个人将会死去。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人说，这是一个简单的呼吁：尽可能减少生命损失——正如哲学家所说的“功利主义”目标——是要做的事情。A. respecting尊重；B. minimizing最小化；C. investigating调查；D. maximizing最大化。根据上文“Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever that pushes it onto another track — where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead.”可知，拉动杠杆会让一个人代替死去，拯救五个人的生命，这是在尽可能减少生命损失，使损失最小化。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，假设拯救这五个人的唯一办法是把其他的某一个人推上轨道——一个旁观者，他的身体会在电车撞到其他人之前把电车停下来。A. referee裁判；B. counselor顾问；C. criminal罪犯；D. bystander旁观者。根据语境，此处表示把其他的某一个人推上轨道，让电车停下来，以拯救五个人，结合选项，这个人应该是个旁观者。故选D项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这仍然是一对五的交易，而你仍然发起了毁灭一个人的行动。A. proportion比例；B. deal交易；C. loss损失；D. gain收益 。根据上文，拉动杠杆会让一个人代替死去，拯救五个人的生命，这是用一个人的生命来交换五个人的生命，这是一场交易。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，现在你更直接地参与其中。A. Likewise同样地；B. However无论如何；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“It’s still a one-for-five deal and you still initiate the action that dooms the one.”可知，这是一场用一个人来交换五个人生命的交易，无论如何，如果你拉动杠杆，你就更直接地参与其中了。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据格林的脑部扫描，第二种情况比拉动杠杆的情况更彻底地刺激大脑中与情感相关的部分。A. imagination想象；B. reason理性；C. emotion情感；D. belief信念。根据后文“Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more ____9____ than the hesitation to a deadly lever pull.”可知，给人致命一击的情感波动比杠杆拉动的更强烈，所以此处表示第二种情况更能刺激与情感相关的部分。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，给某人致命一击的直觉迟疑比致命的杠杆拉动的迟疑更强烈。A. polite礼貌的；B. religious宗教的；C. professional专业的；D. intense强烈的。根据上文“most people say it would be wrong to do this trade off.”可知，大多数人认为做出权衡是否应该为了拯救五个人而拉动杠杆，损失一个旁观者的生命是错误的，所以给某人致命一击的直觉迟疑比致命的杠杆拉动的迟疑更强烈。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：进一步的研究表明，在这两种情况下，情感关怀会与大脑中更理性的部分争夺控制权。A. concerns关心，关爱；B. efforts努力；C. bonds纽带；D. therapies治疗。根据语境，此处表示情感上对于某人或者某事表示的关心会与理性的关心争夺控制权。故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们失败，也只是在经过艰难的决策过程之后。A. self-serving自私自利的；B. decision-making做出决策的；C. problem-solving解决问题的；D. truth-seeking求真的。根据后文“The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision.”可知，赞成牺牲一个人的这些人在做出决定之前需要更长的时间，所以此处表示经过艰难的决策过程之后。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以那些赞成闷死哭泣的婴儿而不是引起敌军注意的人也是如此，因为敌军会将婴儿连同其他无辜者一起杀死。A. innocents无辜者；B. barriers障碍；C. examples实例；D. accidents事故。根据语境，此处表示一些人赞成闷死哭泣的婴儿是为了不引起敌军的注意，以此来避免敌军发现婴儿，将大家杀死，此处表示其他人是无辜的人。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：普林斯顿大学哲学家彼得·辛格认为，我们应该检查我们的道德直觉，并首先询问这种逻辑是否值得尊重。A. follow跟随；B. spread传播；C. examine检查；D. ignore忽略。根据后文“and ask whether that logic deserves respect in the first place”可知，哲学家彼得·辛格认为我们应该询问这种逻辑是否值得尊重，检查我们的道德直觉。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为什么要服从进化为服务于“自私”的道德冲动——比如对亲友的同情？A. selfless无私；B. self-restraint自我克制；C. self-restraint自欺欺人；D. selfish自私。根据后文“Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support?”可知，我们可以更加无私地为离我们更远或者跟我们没有直接关系的人提供帮助，而不是只关注与对于亲友的同情，表示对于亲友的同情这种道德冲动相对而言是自私的。故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在缺乏艰难决策过程的情况下，理性可能确实是“激情的奴隶”。A. master主人；B. advocate辩护人；C. slave奴隶；D. protester抗议者。根据上文“In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough ____11____ process.”可知，情绪通常会战胜理性，要经过一个艰难的决策过程，理性才能战胜情感，所以此处，缺乏艰难决策过程，理性就可能会输，成为情感的奴隶。故选C项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Best Way to Enjoy a Book
I am no slow eater. I can’t remember the number of times I was told as a child not to gobble my food. Nor have I been a slow reader. I went through books like combine harvesters through crops in the English village of my childhood.
Perhaps I will continue to gobble my food until my last meal on this planet. But books! They are an entirely different matter. Having been prevented from visiting bookstores and libraries during these days of isolation. I have decided to make changes. After all, didn’t someone once say, “It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good.”
I imagine slow reading to be like slow cooking: a variety of ingredients mixed into something one can truly enjoy. Slow reading means enjoying each sentence, absorbing all of those paragraphs of description that had probably been sweated over by the author and, more often than not, skipped over by readers like me.
This isn’t to say I pay only random attention to a book. Before deciding on one to buy or borrow, I always read the synopsis and the “About the Author” section. I would also read the dedication, the foreword and the author’s acknowledgments. Only then do I move on to the book’s opening sentence. This is essentially how I had selected the two books that I most recently finished.
In order to truly enjoy these two novels, I rationed my reading to two hours a day-no more and no less. A funny thing happens when you take two hours out of the day - every day – for something you really, really enjoy. I experienced a quiet sense of accomplishment that I had missed for years.
English writer Kate Atkinson’s Transcription has been advertised as “a novel of rare depth from one of the best writers of our time.” Award-winning Newfoundler Michael Crummey’s The Innocents, meanwhile, is said to be “a richly imagined and fascinating story of hardship and survival.” I am glad I didn’t read Transcription at my usual pace. I suspect I would have missed much of the brilliance of the writing. Instead, I made myself completely involved in the life of 18-year-old Julie. I often paused at the end of a chapter to reread it for the joy of laughing aloud at the heroine’ observations.
The Innocents is about the life of two orphans in an isolated bay in Newfoundland. It was hard not to run through this powerful narrative—but I resisted the temptation. My patience was rewarded with a deeper understanding of the character and rich description of northern Newfoundland— so real that I could almost feel the lichen (地衣) between my toes.
So here I am, two books finished that took me a month to read. I have been entertained, enriched and transported in time and place like I never have before. Having discovered the joys of taking my time over a book now, I doubt I will ever again announce proudly, “It only took me a day or a couple of hours to finish!”
56. According to the article, the author used to ______.
A. read novels while gobbling her food.
B. spend no more than two hours reading every day.
C. consider it a waste of time to read fictional stories.
D. finish reading a book in a day or even a couple of hours.
57. The underlined proverb “It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good,” probably means ______.
A. even the craziest ideas can become popular.
B. even the most popular ideas can go out of fashion.
C. even the most positive situations can harm someone.
D. even the most negative situations can benefit someone.
58. The author compared reading to cooking in order to illustrate that ______.
A. it is fun to read book related to food.
B. it is rewarding to pick up various types of books.
C. it is worthwhile to appreciate the brilliance of every sentence.
D. It is important to read the synopsis before deciding on a book to read.
59. While reading The Innocents, the author ______.
A. imagined herself to be an orphan.
B. ended up with a deep appreciation of the story.
C. read through the descriptive part of the book quickly.
D. thought about the relationship between hardship and survival.
【答案】56. D 57. D 58. C 59. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要告诉人们在读书时应该回归细读。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Nor have I been a slow reader. I went through books like combine harvesters through crops in the English village of my childhood.”（我读书也不慢。我浏览书籍就像我童年的英国村庄里联合收割机收割庄稼一样）可推知，我以前读书囫囵吞枣，故选D项。
【57题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前句“Having been prevented from visiting bookstores and libraries during these days of isolation. I have decided to make changes.”（因为在隔离期间被阻止进入书店和图书馆，我决定做出改变）可知，这一原本不好的事情对作者产生了积极的影响，所以“It’s an ill wind that blows nobody any good.”（没有绝对的坏事）应理解为“即使是最消极的情况也能让人受益”，故选D项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“I imagine slow reading to be like slow cooking: a variety of ingredients mixed into something one can truly enjoy. Slow reading means enjoying each sentence, absorbing all of those paragraphs of description that had probably been sweated over by the author and, more often than not, skipped over by readers like me.”（我想象慢阅读就像慢烹饪：将各种食材混合在一起，成为人们真正喜欢的东西。慢速阅读意味着享受每句话，吸收所有的描述段落，这些段落可能是作者煞费苦心写的，而像我这样的读者往往会跳过）可推知，作者作者把阅读比作烹饪是为了证明细细品读是值得的，故选C项。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“My patience was rewarded with a deeper understanding of the character and rich description of northern Newfoundland”（我的耐心得到了回报，我对人物和纽芬兰岛的丰富的描述有了更深的理解）可知，作者对该书的故事理解更深，故选B项。
(B)
HOW TO GET A PAY RAISE
Advice from organizational psychologist Liane Davey, author of You First: Inspire Your Team to Grow Up, Get Along, and Get Stuff Done.
CHOOSE YOUR MOMENT
“Tie the timing of your request for a raise to positive results. If you have a notable success in the middle of the year, start the discussion soon afterwards. Even if the pay cycle means the raise cannot happen for some time you will have seeded the conversation at a moment when your manager is feeling positively inclined towards you.”

KNOW YOUR WORTH
“Before making your request, write down a list of your accomplishments, and ask a trusted confidant what you bring to the team—particularly what is unique about your contribution—to ensure you get a comprehensive list. Be prepared to talk about the impact you have, rather than effort alone, as this is what makes your case for a raise compelling.”

PLAY IT COOL
“In difficult conversations, your tone and body language are especially important. Go in calmly and projecting that you believe you are adding value. Don’t under-do it by dropping eye contact or making yourself smaller. But don’t over-do it by raising your chin too high or making statements you don’t intend to follow through—that will destroy your credibility.”

ASK FOR CLARITY
“If you are unsuccessful, first find out why your request was denied. Do not let your manager get away with a superficial answer such as “we don’t have the budget”-there is always budget, so ask what else took priority. Next, ask what specific actions you can take that will make you more likely to be given a pay raise in the future.”

BE FLEXIBLE
“Remember that pay is only one way your company can demonstrate your value. Some companies have little room for pay raises, but more room to negotiate on annual leave, flexible hours or working from home. If your efforts to get a rise are unsuccessful, do not give up without first searching for alternative sources of value.”


60. Which of the following actions may hurt your credibility?
A. Proposing your pay raise request at a wrong time.
B. Making a list of your efforts rather than impacts.
C. Making statements that you won’t follow through.
D. Asking what specific actions will ensure a pay raise.
61. According to the passage, all of the following are alternative sources of value except ______.
A. more annual leave B. free medical checkups
C. flexible working hours D. the possibility of home-officing
62. ______ will help you clearly understand the company’s priority that will secure a pay raise.
A. Knowing your worth B. Playing it cool
C. Asking for clarity D. Being flexible
【答案】60. C 61. B 62. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是获得加薪的一些方法。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据PLAY IT COOL部分的“But don’t over-do it by raising your chin too high or making statements you don’t intend to follow through—that will destroy your credibility.(但不要过分，不要把下巴抬得太高，也不要说一些你不打算坚持到底的话——这会破坏你的信誉)”可知，可能会损害你的信誉的是发表你不会执行的声明。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据BE FLEXIBLE部分的“Some companies have little room for pay raises, but more room to negotiate on annual leave, flexible hours or working from home. If your efforts to get a rise are unsuccessful, do not give up without first searching for alternative sources of value.(一些公司几乎没有加薪的空间，但在年假、弹性工作时间或在家办公方面有更多的谈判空间。如果你想加薪的努力没有成功，在没有寻找其他价值来源之前，不要放弃)”并结合选项可知，免费体检不是可选的价值来源，故选B。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据ASK FOR CLARITY部分的“Do not let your manager get away with a superficial answer such as “we don’t have the budget”-there is always budget, so ask what else took priority. Next, ask what specific actions you can take that will make you more likely to be given a pay raise in the future.(不要让你的经理得到一个肤浅的回答，比如“我们没有预算”——预算总是有的，所以问一下还有什么是优先的。接下来，问一问你能采取什么具体的行动来让你将来更有可能获得加薪)”可知，明确要求可以帮助你清楚地了解公司可以确保加薪的优先事项。故选C。
(C)
Thanks to Top Gear, a British television show for motoring enthusiasts that is now a global brand, a former WWⅡ airfield called Dunsfold has become one of the best-known testing tracks in the world. On October 15, however, instead of booming to the roar of supercars driven by the show’s racing driver, it witnessed the sight of what appeared to be the cableless trailer of an articulated lorry (铰接式卡车) running almost silently around the course at over 80kph.
The Pod, as this vehicle is known, was made by Einride, Swedish firm founded in 2016 by Robert Falck, an engineer who used to work for Volvo. Mr. Falck thinks that the technology of vehicle autonomy, long experimental, has now evolved sufficiently for driverless goods vehicles to begin earning their livings properly. Some Pods are already in trials for real jobs: running between warehouses, dragging logs from forests and delivering goods for Lidl, a supermarket group.
Pods use the same technology of cameras, radar, lidar (the optical equivalent of radar) and satellite-positioning as other competitors in the field, but they differ from those others in the way their maker tries to deal with the regulatory concerns which prevent fully autonomous vehicles from being let loose on public roads. Einride’s approach, at least at the moment, is to avoid these by avoiding the roads in question. Instead, the Pod’s first version operates on designated routes within the limits of enclosed, private areas such as ports and industrial parks. Here, Pods act like bigger and smarter versions of the delivery robots which already run around some factories—though by having the ability to carry 16 tons and with room on board for 15 industrial pallets’ worth of goods, they are indeed quite a lot bigger.
The second difference from most other attempts at vehicle autonomy is Einride’s approach to the word “autonomy.” Some makers take the idea literally, and aim to keep humans out of the decision-making process entirely. Others, often prompted by traffic regulations, arrange things so that a normally passive human occupant can take the controls if necessary. Pods represent a third way. They always have a human to keep an eye on what is happening and to take over the driving for a difficult operation or if something goes wrong. But this human operates remotely.
Having the driver sitting back at headquarters rather than in the vehicle itself is departure from convention, but not a huge one. Aerial drones are usually controlled in this way. The dramatic step is that Mr. Falck believes you do not need a remote driver for each Pod. Einride already uses one person to control two Pods, but plans eventually for a single driver to look after ten.
63. What purpose does the first paragraph mainly serve?
A. To inform readers about a popular racing show.
B. To explain the significance of the Dunsfold track.
C. To introduce a much-sought-after global brand.
D. To offer a glimpse of the main subject of the passage.
64. Pods differ from other autonomous vehicles mainly in that ______.
A. they can be used in many different real job settings
B. they use advanced satellite-positioning technology
C. their maker is not seeking to put them on public roads
D. they are actually meant to be smart and big delivery robots
65. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The carrying capacity of Pods has yet to be fully exploited.
B. Aerial drones are usually operated remotely from headquarters.
C. Low-performance self-driving vehicles have a human standby.
D. No remote driver will be needed in the future for each Pod.
66. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. A British TV show advertises a newly-developed self-driving vehicle.
B. A new lorry being tested approaches autonomous driving differently.
C. A remote handler plays a crucial role in future autonomous driving.
D. A driverless lorry is being tested on a famous track.
【答案】63. D 64. C 65. A 66. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一种以不同的方式实现自动驾驶的正在测试的新型卡车。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“On October 15, however, instead of booming to the roar of supercars driven by the show’s racing driver, it witnessed the sight of what appeared to be the cableless trailer of an articulated lorry (铰接式卡车) running almost silently around the course at over 80kph.(然而，在10月15日，比赛现场并没有出现赛车手驾驶的超级跑车的轰鸣声，而是出现了一辆似乎是铰接式卡车的无缆拖车，以每小时80多公里的速度几乎无声地绕着赛道行驶。)”和第二段的“The Pod, as this vehicle is known, was made by Einride, Swedish firm founded in 2016 by Robert Falck, an engineer who used to work for Volvo.(这款车被称为Pod，是由瑞典公司Einride制造的，该公司于2016年由曾在沃尔沃工作的工程师罗伯特·法尔克(Robert Falck)创立。)”可知，第一段的目的是引入对Pod的介绍，让读者对文章的主题有个粗略的了解，故选D。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“they differ from those others in the way their maker tries to deal with the regulatory concerns which prevent fully autonomous vehicles from being let loose on public roads. Einride’s approach, at least at the moment, is to avoid these by avoiding the roads in question. Instead, the Pod’s first version operates on designated routes within the limits of enclosed, private areas such as ports and industrial parks.(它们与其他汽车的不同之处在于，它们的制造商试图应对监管方面的担忧，这些担忧阻止全自动驾驶汽车在公共道路上随意行驶。至少在目前，Einride的方法是通过避开有问题的道路来避免这些问题。相反，Pod的第一个版本在港口和工业园区等封闭的私人区域的限定范围内的指定路线上运行)”可知，Pod与其他自动驾驶汽车的区别主要在于它们的制造商为应对监管，并不打算把它们放在公共道路上，故选C。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Here, Pods act like bigger and smarter versions of the delivery robots which already run around some factories — though by having the ability to carry 16 tons and with room on board for 15 industrial pallets’ worth of goods, they are indeed quite a lot bigger.(在这里，Pods就像已经在一些工厂里运行的送货机器人的更大、更智能的版本 ——尽管它们能够携带16吨的货物，并且有容纳15个工业托盘货物的空间，它们确实要大得多。)”可推知，Pods的承载能力还有待充分开发，故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“they differ from those others in the way their maker tries to deal with the regulatory concerns which prevent fully autonomous vehicles from being let loose on public roads(它们与其他汽车的不同之处在于，它们的制造商试图应对监管方面的担忧，这些担忧阻止全自动驾驶汽车在公共道路上随意行驶)”，第四段的“The second difference from most other attempts at vehicle autonomy is Einride’s approach to the word “autonomy.”(与其他大多数汽车自动驾驶尝试的第二个不同之处在于，Einride对“自动”一词的理解。)”和“Pods represent a third way. They always have a human to keep an eye on what is happening and to take over the driving for a difficult operation or if something goes wrong. But this human operates remotely.(豆荚代表了第三种方式。他们总是有一个人盯着发生的事情，并在困难的操作或出现问题时接管驾驶。但是这个人可以远程操作。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是一种以不同的方式实现自动驾驶的正在测试的新型卡车。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Hardest Novel I’ve Ever Read
For the last three months, I have glared at its fat heavy form on my floor with a vague sense of personal failure. I have opened Ulysses twice, determined to finish it, and managed to get all the way to page 46. I have read so little both times that I have never bothered using a bookmark.
____67____ I like the community this book has created, its inherent sense of freedom and celebration of all things rude and true. I like that the style and language allow for readers to choose how they read it — some recommend skipping chapter three, others suggest reading it only after reading ABOUT it but I still get stuck.
Why do I get stuck? ____68____ On the “Most Difficult Novels” list on the Goodreads website, Joyce takes the top two spots, with Ulysses ranking first and Finnegans Wake following it. I think what is restricting me to page 46 is the language: the big fat burst of Chaucerian English with slang and jaunty dialogue that, while entertaining me, is also leaving me a little lost.
There are a few other “worthy” works of literature I have yet to read, including Infinite Jest and War and Peace. ____69____ I really want to love Ulysses. I feel deeply frustrated that I can’t finish it, all the while appreciating its uniqueness, weightiness and special “Joyceness.”
The English writer Virginia Woolf thought Ulysses was nonsense as she complained in her diaries about the pressure to finish reading it. By contrast, Vladimir Nabokov, the author who wrote Lolita expressed deep love for it. ____70____ I have read it similar to a long marriage(something unpleasant, big reward at the end), modern Jazz-fusion (an innovative genre) and boxing match with oneself (wanting to punch yourself in the face), which is how I felt by page 46.
Some people love Ulysses, so where am I getting wrong? My ultimate hope is that the struggle will be worth the effort and I can proceed victorious onto page 800 or so, on my third fourth, eighteenth try. Something tells me I will get there in the end.
A. I’m not entirely sure myself
B. A lot of them are weighty tomes (巨著), but I like big books
C. It seems that reading Ulysses is a big different experience for everyone.
D. Even when staring at pages without absorbing a word, I thought nice thoughts about it
E. They however, only cause me a slight sense of shame that I have not read or enjoyed them
F. I have been amused and charmed by the first two or three chapters, and then puzzled and bored.
【答案】67. F 68. A 69. E 70. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者在读《尤利西斯》时遇到问题并分析原因。
【67题详解】
上文“I have opened Ulysses twice, determined to finish it, and managed to get all the way to page 46. I have read so little both times that I have never bothered using a bookmark.(我把《尤利西斯》翻了两遍，决心读完它，终于翻到了46页。这两次我都读得很少，以至于我都懒得用书签)”中作者提到读《尤利西斯》，并终于读到了第46页，F项“I have been amused and charmed by the first two or three chapters, and then puzzled and bored.(我被前两三章逗乐和迷住，然后感到困惑和无聊)”继续讲述阅读过程和感受，同时提出阅读中遇到的问题：困惑和无聊，下文“some recommend skipping chapter three, others suggest reading it only after reading ABOUT it but I still get stuck.(一些人建议跳过第三章，其他人建议在阅读了它之后再阅读，但我仍然卡在其中)”进一步指出问题的关键是“第三章”，并给出一些解决该问题的建议，F项符合上下文连贯。故选F项。
【68题详解】
上文“Why do I get stuck?(为什么我被卡住了?)”提出问题，C项“I’m not entirely sure myself.(我自己也不太确定)”作者作出回答：自己也不太确定，同时，下文“I think what is restricting me to page 46 is the language: the big fat burst of Chaucerian English with slang and jaunty dialogue that, while entertaining me, is also leaving me a little lost.(我认为把我限制在第46页的是语言：大量的乔叟式英语、俚语和欢快的对话，使我感到有趣，但也使我有点迷失)”给出了作者认为可能的原因，符合上下文连贯。故选A项。
【69题详解】
上文“There are a few other ‘worthy’ works of literature I have yet to read, including Infinite Jest and War and Peace.(还有一些其他‘有价值’的文学作品我还没有读过，包括《无限的玩笑》和《战争与和平》)”讲作者还未读的‘有价值’的其它文学作品，E项“They, however, only cause me a slight sense of shame that I have not read or enjoyed them. (然而，没有读过或喜欢它们只是使我略感羞愧)”承接上文讲没有读它们给作者带来的影响：只是使我略感羞愧，进而引出下文作者表达对《尤利西斯》的真正喜欢：“I really want to love Ulysses.(我真的很想去爱《尤利西斯》)”，符合上下文连贯。故选E项。
【70题详解】
上文“The English writer Virginia Woolf thought Ulysses was nonsense as she complained in her diaries about the pressure to finish reading it. By contrast, Vladimir Nabokov, the author who wrote Lolita expressed deep love for it.(英国作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫认为《尤利西斯》是无稽之谈，她在日记中抱怨读完它的压力太大。相比之下，《洛丽塔》的作者弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫对它表达了深深的喜爱)”讲英国作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫和《洛丽塔》的作者弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫在读《尤利西斯》的不同体验，C项“It seems that reading Ulysses is a big different experience for everyone.(看来阅读《尤利西斯》对每个人来说都是一种不同的体验)”是对上文内容的总结，同时引出下文作者对自己阅读体验的描述，符合上下文连贯。故选C项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Major trends that may affect education systems
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.
One trend is the widening gap between rich and poor. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools who want to offer equal and fair access to education for everyone.
Another trend is the rising wealth in Asia. It’s suggested that a large rise in the middle-classes in countries like India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question “What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools?”
Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop good life for themselves. But that can be challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: “How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world? Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values?”
Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who’s going to pay for it all? The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be reproduced by machines? And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet?
These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world’s poorest children who don’t even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Andreas Schleicher, OECD’S head of education, talks about some of the trends that are affecting education systems. These trends include the broadening gap between rich and poor, the increasing wealth in Asia, more and more migration, funding and increasing dependency on technology. However, for world’s poorest children, the main problem is their access to school.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了影响教育系统的一些趋势，这些趋势包括贫富差距的扩大、亚洲财富的增加、越来越多的移民及教育系统对资金和对技术的依赖等。对于贫穷的儿童来说，他们很难拥有上学的机会。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education.
②Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.
③One trend is the widening gap between rich and poor
④Another trend is the rising wealth in Asia.
⑤Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems.
⑥The rise in dependency on technology is another concern.
⑦But they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world’s poorest children who don’t even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy.
2缜密构思
将第①和②两个要点进行整合；将第③、④、⑤和⑥四个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①Firstly, the widening gap between rich and poor affects education systems around the world.
②Secondly, increasing migration is another concern.
③Last but not least, the rise in dependency will have an impact on education systems.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Andreas Schleicher, OECD’S head of education, talks about some of the trends that are affecting education systems. 运用了that引导的限制性定语从句对原文第一段行了概括。
[高分句型2] These trends include the broadening gap between rich and poor, the increasing wealth in Asia, more and more migration, funding and increasing dependency on technology. 运用了现在分词作定语对原文第二段到第五段行了概括。
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 网购有风险，下单需谨慎。（汉译英）
【答案】Risks exist in online shopping, so we should be cautious/careful when placing orders.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。结合句意表示“风险”应用复数名词risks，作主语；表示“有，存在”应用短语exist in；表示“网购”短语为online shopping；此处为so连接的并列句，主语为we；表示“谨慎”短语为be cautious/careful，should后跟动词原形；此处为when引导的时间状语从句，表示“下单”短语为place orders。句子为状语从句的省略，还原后为： when we are placing orders.故翻译为Risks exist in online shopping, so we should be cautious/careful when placing orders.
73. 这个村庄位于山间，这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里。(inaccessible)(汉译英)
【答案】The village is located among hills, which makes it inaccessible to ordinary cars.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和定语从句。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“这个村庄”是the village，“位于山间”是is located among hills，“这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，“使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”是make it inaccessible to ordinary cars，which指代整个主句的内容，make用第三人称单数，因此整句话翻译为“The village is located among hills, which makes it inaccessible to ordinary cars”。故答案为The village is located among hills, which makes it inaccessible to ordinary cars.
74. 他的心情太糟了，听他最喜爱的歌曲都不能让他高兴点。(Such)(汉译英)
【答案】Such a bad mood was he in that listening to his favorite songs was not able to cheer him up.
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装，时态和主谓一致。分析句意可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，句子可理解为“他的心情如此糟，以至于听他最喜爱的歌曲都不能让他高兴点”，“如此……以至于……”是so/such...that...，“心情糟”是in a bad mood，“他的心情如此糟”是he was in such a bad mood，可将such放在句首，引起句子的部分倒装，变成Such a bad mood was he in，“听他最喜爱的歌曲”用动名词作主语，是listening to his favorite songs，其后谓语动词用单数，“不能让他高兴点”是was not able to cheer him up，因此整句话翻译为“Such a bad mood was he in that listening to his favorite songs was not able to cheer him up”。故答案为Such a bad mood was he in that listening to his favorite songs was not able to cheer him up.
75. 这家餐馆顾客至上，菜肴出众，人气攀升，值得学习。(where) （汉译英）
【答案】The restaurant, where the customers are given the top priority/treated with great respect and the dishes are wonderful/remarkable/outstanding, enjoys increasing popularity and is worth learning from.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词、定语从句、动词（短语）、形容词、固定句式及时态等。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般现在时，表示“顾客至上，菜肴出众”可用where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰“餐馆”，与主句用逗号隔开。表达“这家餐馆”应使用名词短语the restaurant，作主句主语；其后用连接副词where引导定语从句，指代先行词restaurant，并在从句中作状语，表达“顾客”应使用名词customers（复数），表达“至上”应使用give the top priority/treat with great respect，由于动词短语与customers之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态；表达“菜肴”应使用名词短语the dishes，作并列定语从句另一主语，表达“出众”应使用形容词wonderful/remarkable/outstanding，中间用系动词are（dishes为复数），构成主系表结构。定语从句的两分句用递进连词and连接。表达“人气攀升”应使用动词短语enjoys increasing popularity；表达“值得学习”应使用固定搭配be worth learning from。两者之间用and连接。由于主句主语the restaurant为第三人称单数，谓语动词及系动词应使用enjoys和is.故翻译为The restaurant, where the customers are given the top priority/treated with great respect and the dishes are wonderful/remarkable/outstanding, enjoys increasing popularity and is worth learning from.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.
“低头族”现象的出现令人担忧，因为沉溺于智能手机带来了诸多危害。请在你的文章中：
1. 简要描述下图;
2. 表达你对“低头族”现象的看法及建议。
Keywords:
“低头族”现象：phubbing
“低头族”：phubber

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Guided writing
The cartoon vividly reflects a common phenomenon: many people are becoming increasingly indulged in the virtual world presented by smartphones.
It warns us that the phenomenon of phubbing has grown to such an extent that it shouldn’t be treated lightly. Since they inevitably distract people’s attention, things like that are entirely possible. In fact, phubbing has a far more profound impact on people and society. Phubbing is not only a distraction, but also a poison to our relationships with others.
To reverse the trend of phubbing, the key is to pay more attention to the charm of real life. With time and efforts wasted on the smartphones back, we are perfectly capable of hanging out with friends, having dinner with our family, and most importantly, embracing the reality. It’s simple to step out of the virtual world, since there’s naturally more beauty here, in reality, than behind those screens.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对社会中存在的低头族现象提出自己的看法和建议。
【详解】词汇积累
生动地：vividly → livelily
沉迷于：are becoming increasingly indulged in → are becoming increasingly addicted to → are becoming increasingly obsessed with
安全：safety → security
不可避免地：inevitably→ unavoidably
对……有更深远的影响：has a far more profound impact on → has a much more significant influence on
完全地：entirely→ totally→ wholly
吸引力：charm→ attractiveness
趋势：trend→ tide

能够：are perfectly capable of→ are perfectly able to

2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句1：To reverse the trend of phubbing, the key is to pay more attention to the charm of real life.
拓展句1：To reverse the trend of phubbing, the key is that we should pay more attention to the charm of real life.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It warns us that the phenomenon of phubbing has grown to such an extent that it shouldn’t be treated lightly.（运用了结果状语从句。）
【高分句型2】It’s simple to step out of the virtual world, and everyone can do it without much trouble, since there’s naturally more beauty here, in reality, than behind those screens.（运用了since引导的原因状语从句。）