2022-2023学年上海市向明中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市向明中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共26页。试卷主要包含了5分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一学期向明中学期中考试
高三年级英语试卷
(考试时间：120分钟，满分150分)
I. Listening Comprehension (25%, 第1-10题, 每题1分;第11-20题，每题1.5分)
Part A Short Conversations
Directions: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. This afternoon. B. This morning. C. Tomorrow. D. Next week.
2. A. A waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A cashier. D. A postman.
3. A. 11. B. 3. C. 7. D. 8.
4. A. At a cinema. B. At an airport. C. At a hotel. D. At a railway station.
5. A. They had better not go out. B. To get some yogurt is a good idea.
C. It’s too cold to walk in the snow. D. He prefers milk to yogurt.
6. A. She asks the man to open the window. B. It is cold inside.
C. She doesn’t want to open the window. D. She prefers the fresh air.
7. A. Mom doesn’t like wine. B. They’ve already got plenty of wine.
C. They are going to buy what they need. D. They’ve got enough food for the party.
8. A. The boy doesn’t have to clean the screen of his computer.
B. There’s not enough time for the boy to clean both.
C. The desk is such a mess and needs cleaning.
D. The boy’s mother will do the cleaning for him.
9. A. Touched. B. Amused. C. Annoyed. D. Bored.
10. A. They can’t speak English. B. The microphone doesn’t work well.
C. They are not familiar with his topic. D. The speaker is speaking too fast.
Part B Passages
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. In the 1690s. B. In the 1860s. C. In the 1890s. D. In the 1960s.
12. A. To be paid more than their male colleagues.
B. To be given the same chance to succeed.
C. To win respect from their male colleagues.
D. To get promoted more quickly than their male colleagues.
13. A. Women’s ability to do important jobs.
B. How to have more freedom.
C. Concrete issues as well as attitudes and beliefs.
D. How to contribute to the communities.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To recall his own childhood.
B. To help his children become more mature.
C. To spoil them on purpose.
D. To make up for his pity that he didn’t have it in his childhood.
15. A. They take possessions and support from their peers for granted.
B. They are responsible for building the life that their parents desire.
C. They are willing to support their peers if necessary.
D. They become more mature and responsible.
16. A. To love and provide for children.
B. To help children become kind and responsible.
C. To help children get what they need.
D. To help children meet their goals.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. He is confirming his flight reservation.
B. He is booking a hotel for next week.
C. He is making a reservation for a flight.
D. He is changing his flight schedule.
18. A. To cut losses. B. To save money.
C. To have a window seat D. To have the ticket mailed.
19. A. On May 19th. B. On May 15th. C. On May 20th. D. On May 21st.
20. A. He saved about fifty dollars on the ticket.
B. He will pick up the ticket by himself.
C. He can get the ticket at three o’clock.
D. His seat is by the window.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (30%, 第21-30题，每题1分; 第31- 40题，每题2分)
Section A
Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
The Industrial Monopoly and Its Decline
Upon the completion of the Industrial Revolution by 1850 England became the workshop of the world. The population went on increasing rapidly, if not as rapidly as before, reaching 41 million by 1900. Big towns grow bigger. Production and export of both textiles and heavy industries reached new high levels.
After the abolition of the corn law, other forms of protection ____1____(drop) one after another. For instance, the Navigation Acts and protective tariffs on hundreds of articles. By 1860 great Britain was well on the road to free trade. Certainly, this was aggressive in character. While Britain opened her own ports to Free Trade, she demanded open ports in other countries ____2____ economic pressure and naval strength, thus ____3____(extend) foreign markets and increasing demands for British goods.
It was in the boom that collapsed in 1873 when there was great anxious concern about both markets and materials ____4____ Mid-Victorian prosperity reached its peak. The fact that there was a retardation in the national rate of growth to below two percent per year was even harder to bear with the growth rates of competitors such as America and Germany rising.
Arable and meat producing farmers felt the full weight of foreign competition between 1870 and 1900. In industry, ____5____ there were new forms of power and a trend toward bigger plants, and ____6____(impersonal) organization, there was a similar situation. Britain was never as strong or as innovatory in the age of steel ____7____ in the early age of iron. By 1896 British steel output was less than ____8____ of either the United States or Germany and the textile industry was declining absolutely. With its former easy advantage in world markets ____9____(lose), both opinion and government policy lost faith in the merits of free trade. During years of economic challenge at home, capital exports greatly increased, until they reached a figure of almost £200000000 every year before 1914, and investment income poured in to improve adverse balance(贸易逆差)on trade accounts. During the last 20 years of peace before 1914 when Britain’s role as rentier was at its height, international prices rose again, continuing to rise _____10_____ after the end of World War I.
【答案】1. were dropped
2. with 3. extending
4. that 5. where
6. more impersonal
7. as 8. that
9. lost 10. until
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国工业垄断及其衰落的过程和特色。
【1题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：玉米法废除后，其他形式的保护也相继被废除。根据上下文可知本句时态为一般过去时；主语为other forms，和动词drop之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were dropped。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：英国在开放自己的港口进行自由贸易的同时，也在经济压力和海军力量的作用下要求开放其他国家的港口，从而扩大了外国市场，增加了对英国商品的需求。表示“凭借，利用……的作用”，用介词with。故填with。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：英国在开放自己的港口进行自由贸易的同时，也在经济压力和海军力量的作用下要求开放其他国家的港口，从而扩大了外国市场，增加了对英国商品的需求。句中用非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示主句所产生的自然而然的影响，用现在分词形式。故填extending。
【4题详解】
考查强调句型。句意：正是在1873年崩溃的繁荣中，人们对市场和材料都产生了极大的焦虑，维多利亚中期的繁荣达到了顶峰。强调句型：It was…that…，本句强调地点状语in the boom。故填that。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在工业领域，出现了新的权力形式，趋向于更大的工厂和更客观的组织，也出现了类似的情况。句中先行词为industry，在从句中担当地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
【6题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：在工业领域，出现了新的权力形式，趋向于更大的工厂和更客观的组织，也出现了类似的情况。根据上文的“bigger plants”可知，空处和上文保持一致，为形容词比较级形式。故填more impersonal。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意：在钢铁时代，英国从来没有像早期铁器时代那样强大和创新。根据上文的“as strong or as innovatory”可知，空处考查固定搭配：as…as…，表示同级比较，意为“和……一样……”。故填as。
【8题详解】
考查代词。句意：到1896年，英国的钢铁产量已经低于美国或德国，纺织业也在走下坡路。空处代指上文出现的“steel output”，为不可数名词，同时其后有of引导的后置定语，用代词that。故填that。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于失去了以前在世界市场上的轻松优势，舆论和政府政策都对自由贸易的优点失去了信心。句中为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，和宾语“its former easy advantage in world markets”之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填lost。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：在1914年之前的20年和平期间，英国作为食利者的角色达到了顶峰，国际价格再次上涨，并持续上涨到第一次世界大战结束后。根据句意可知，指的是英国国际价格持续上升直到一战之后，所以用连词until。故填until。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. precisely B. statistical C. gender D. enrolled E. restriction F. spotted
G. frank H. execute I. identified J. confidence K. dramatically
Female Grandmaster—Hou Yifan
Even by the standard of chess geniuses, Hou Yifan stood out. It wasn’t so much the way she played the game ____11____ with an aggressive but flexible style. It was that she was a girl. Thirteen years after she became a Grandmaster, at the age of fourteen, people still mentioned two big hairpins that used to pin back her bobbed hair. “I never felt ____12____ or limitations,” she told me recently from her home in Shenzhen, China, where she is a professor at Shenzhen university’s Faculty of Physical Education.
“My parents never told me that as a girl you should do this or that,” she said. “Teachers never shaped my views in that way.” These days her hair falls to her shoulders and black cat’s-eye glasses frame her face. She speaks English quickly and ____13____. She is the only woman among the hundred best chess players in the world.
Chess is not like basketball or soccer. Men and women face one another on equal terms, and no one can tell the ____14____ of a player from the moves on a scorecard. Still, of the seventeen hundred and thirty-two Grandmasters in the world, just thirty-eight are women. Much of this gap stems from how many women compete versus the number of men who do: around sixteen percent of tournament players are ____15____ as female and most of them are children. As a purely ____16____ matter, you would expect few, if any, women at the extreme of the rankings. Still, this appears to be an incomplete explanation of the inequality at the top of the game, about which Hou is ____17____. “You cannot deny it, you cannot pretend it doesn’t happen,” she told me, of the absence of women from chess highest echelon(梯队). For years, she has been the only one who stood a chance.
Hou was born in 1994 in Xinghua, a small city near China’s coast. As a child she ____18____ a chess set in a shop window and liked the shapes of the pieces. When she was five, she started playing the game with other kids at the home of a chess teacher and showed enough talent that her parents ____19____ her a year early in the local school which had a chess program. She and her classmates would consult a large chess dictionary and write out the first few moves of famous openings on a sheet of paper. Then they would set up their boards, dutifully ____20____ their copied instructions and launch their wild attacks.
She moved to Shandong with her mother and attended chess classes. Two years later, she joined the national team and won the girls under ten championship in 2003. In the next year, she finished boys under ten tournament tied for first.
【答案】11. K 12. E
13. A 14. C
15. I 16. B
17. G 18. F
19. D 20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际象棋大师侯逸凡。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：这并不是因为她以一种积极而灵活的风格戏剧性地下棋。空处应填副词修饰动词，结合句意表示“戏剧性地”应用dramatically。故选K。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：最近，她在中国深圳的家中告诉我，“我从未感受到任何限制。”，目前她是深圳大学体育学院的教授。空处应填名词和后文limitationa并列作宾语，表示“限制”用restriction，可数名词，此处用其复数形式restrictions。故选E。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：她英语说得又快又准。空处应填副词和quickly并列作状语，表示“准确地”用precisely。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：男人和女人在平等的条件下面对面，没有人能从记分卡上的动作区分球员的性别。空处应填名词作宾语，根据上文“Men and women face one another on equal terms”可知，此处是指从记分卡上区别性别，故名词gender符合题意。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种差距很大程度上源于女性参赛人数与男性参赛人数的差距:大约16%的参赛选手被认定为女性，其中大多数是儿童。结合句意表示“认同，认为”用动词identify，主语players和它之间是被动语态，应用过去分词表被动。be identified as“被认定为”。故选I。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：从纯统计的角度来看，你会认为排名靠前的女性很少（如果有的话）。空处应填形容词修饰名词matter，结合上文“around sixteen percent of tournament players are ___5___ as female and most of them are children.”可知，如果从统计的数据上来看，形容词statistical符合题意。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管如此，这似乎并不能完全解释游戏顶层的差距，侯对此直言不讳。空处应填形容词作表语，结合下文“You cannot deny it, you cannot pretend it doesn’t happen”可知，侯对国际象棋女性选手排名的事实直言不讳，形容词frank符合题意。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：小时候，她在商店橱窗里发现了一副国际象棋，喜欢棋子的形状。空处应填动词作从句谓语动词，根据下文“liked the shapes of the pieces”可知，是看到了一副国际象棋，动词spot符合题意，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选F。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：当她五岁的时候，她开始在一个国际象棋老师家里和其他孩子玩象棋，并显示出足够的天赋，她的父母提前一年把她送到当地有国际象棋课程的学校。空处应填动词作从句谓语动词，根据下文“the local school”可知，是去学校注册/报名，动词enroll符合题意，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：然后他们会设置自己的棋盘，忠实地执行复制的指令，发起疯狂的攻击。空处应填动词和上文set up以及下文launch并列作谓语动词，根据“their copied instructions”可知，此处是指执行指令，动词execute符合题意，情态动词would后动词原形。故选H。
III. Reading Comprehension (45%, 第41-55题，每题1分; 第56-70题，每题2分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to control people’s self-interest for the sake of the common good. The____21____of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives(刺激) can also ____22____, discouraging the very behavior they’re meant to encourage.
A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood ____23____ the supply. Economists were suspicious, pointing out a lack of experimental evidence. But since then, new data and models have boosted a sea change in how economists think about incentives -- showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right so often that businesses should ____24____.
Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood ____25____ the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity ____26____ the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they ____27____ what Adam Smith called “the moral sentiments(道德情操).” The psychology is not understood by blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff -- we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be respected by others and to be seen as moral and ____28____. And they don’t want to be taken for fools. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is____29____ interested in being selfless and helpful than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is ____30____. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for____31____ is textbook economics--and a prescription for making employees unhappy.
Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply --- sometimes wrongly --- what motivates us. Fines or public criticism that ____32____ our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval(think of littering)can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they ____33____ or cut down our moral sensibilities.
This does not mean it’s impossible to appeal to self-interested and moral motivations at the same time --- just that efforts to do so often fail. ____34____, policies support socially valued ends not only by controlling self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a ____35____ message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the group of anti-social anachronisms(不合潮流的人或物).
21. A. cause B. threat C. expense D. desire
22. A. backfire B. fuel C. slide D. download
23. A. stimulated B. produced C. enhanced D. reduced
24. A. tell apart B. close down C. set aside D. take note
25. A. increases B. expands C. decreases D. counts
26. A. reverses B. strengthens C. creates D. ruins
27. A. raise B. require C. destroy D. promote
28. A. qualified B. dignified C. satisfied D. justified
29. A. more B. better C. much D. less
30. A. greedy B. generous C. diligent D. impersonal
31. A. employment B. performance C. spirits D. job
32. A. fight against B. combine with C. compare to D. appeal to
33. A. offend B. evaluate C. disagree D. process
34. A. Luckily B. Virtually C. Eventually D. Ideally
35. A. significant B. conscious C. moral D. sensible
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了组织和社会依靠罚款和奖励来控制人们为了共同利益的私利。罚单的威胁会让司机们规规矩矩，奖金的承诺会激励司机们表现出色。但激励措施也可能适得其反，阻碍了它们本应鼓励的行为。列举了激励措施适得其反的一些应用情况。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：罚单的威胁会让司机们规规矩矩，奖金的承诺会激励司机们表现出色。A. cause原因；B. threat威胁；C. expense花费；D. desire渴望。根据后文“of a ticket keeps drivers in line”可知这里指罚单的威胁会让司机们规规矩矩，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但激励措施也可能适得其反，阻碍了它们本应鼓励的行为。A. backfire适得其反；B. fuel加油；C. slide滑动；D. download下载。根据后文“discouraging the very behavior they’re meant to encourage”可知，激励措施也可能适得其反，因为阻碍了它们本应鼓励的行为。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一代人以前，理查德·蒂特马斯声称，付钱让人们献血会减少血液供应。A. stimulated刺激；B. produced产生；C. enhanced提高；D. reduced减少。结合后文“the number willing to donate by almost half”可知，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿意献血的人数减少近一半，说明理查德·蒂特马斯声称，付钱让人们献血会减少血液供应是正确的。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这表明，提特马斯的观点经常是正确的，企业应该加以注意。A. tell apart区分；B. close down关闭；C. set aside留出；D. take note注意，记笔记。根据上文“that Titmuss was right so often that businesses should”可知，提特马斯的观点经常是正确的，企业应该加以注意。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：实验经济学家发现，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿意献血的人数减少近一半，而让她们把报酬捐给慈善机构则会逆转这一效果。A. increases增加；B. expands扩大；C. decreases减少；D. counts计算。根据后文“the number willing to donate by almost half”可知，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿意献血的人数减少近一半，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：实验经济学家发现，向献血的妇女提供报酬会使愿意献血的人数减少近一半，而让她们把报酬捐给慈善机构则会逆转这一效果。A. reverses逆转；B. strengthens加强；C. creates创造；D. ruins毁灭。根据后文“rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire”可知，让她们把报酬捐给慈善机构则会逆转这一效果，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的几十个实验表明，用经济激励来奖励自身利益可能会适得其反，因为它们破坏了亚当·斯密所说的“道德情操”。A. raise抚养；B. require需要；C. destroy破坏；D. promote促进。根据上文“rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire”可知，用经济激励来奖励自身利益可能会适得其反，因为它们破坏了亚当·斯密所说的“道德情操”。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们渴望得到他人的尊重，渴望被视为有道德、有尊严的人。A. qualified取得资格；B. dignified使高贵；C. satisfied满足；D. justified证明。结合上文“People desire to be respected by others and to be seen as moral and”可知，人们渴望得到他人的尊重，渴望被视为有道德、有尊严的人。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奖励献血可能会适得其反，因为这表明献血者对无私和乐于助人的兴趣不如对赚一美元的兴趣。A. more更多的；B. better 更好的；C. much许多的；D. less更少的。根据后文“interested in being selfless and helpful than in making a dollar”指对无私和乐于助人的兴趣不如对赚一美元的兴趣，即不那么感兴趣，应用less。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当激励机制表明雇主不信任雇员或贪婪时，它也会遇到麻烦。A. greedy贪婪的；B. generous慷慨的；C. diligent勤奋的；D. impersonal冷淡的。根据上文“employer mistrusts the employee or is”可知，指激励机制表明雇主不信任雇员或贪婪。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对工人的密切监督加上按绩效支付工资是教科书式的经济学——也是让员工不开心的处方。A. employment雇佣；B. performance表现；C. spirits精神；D. job工作。根据上文“Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for”指根据员工的表现进行按绩效支付工资。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：罚款或公开批评，通过发出社会不赞成的信号，唤起我们的道德情感（想想乱扔垃圾），可能非常有效。A. fight against反对；B. combine with结合；C. compare to比作；D. appeal to呼吁。根据后文“our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval(think of littering)can be highly effective”可知，通过发出社会不赞成的信号，唤起我们的道德情感（想想乱扔垃圾），可能非常有效。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当激励措施冒犯或削弱我们的道德感受力时，就会出问题。A. offend得罪；B. evaluate估计；C. disagree不同意；D. process加工。根据后文“or cut down our moral sensibilities”指激励措施冒犯或削弱我们的道德感受力，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：理想情况下，政策不仅通过控制自身利益，而且通过鼓励公共精神来支持社会价值目标。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Virtually实际上；C. Eventually终于；D. Ideally理想地。后文“policies support socially valued ends not only by controlling self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness.”即政策不仅通过控制自身利益，而且通过鼓励公共精神来支持社会价值目标是一种理想的情况，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它在金钱上惩罚违规者，同时传递道德信息。A. significant重要的；B. conscious意识到的；C. moral道德的；D. sensible理智的。根据上文“The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect.(2002年，爱尔兰对塑料购物袋征收了一项小规模的税收，最终导致塑料袋几乎被消灭，这似乎产生了这样的效果)”可知，爱尔兰对塑料购物袋征税这一举措，在金钱上惩罚违规者，同时传递道德信息。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Many people believe it’s possible to become immune to colds. Unfortunately Dr. Ranit Mishori, of Georgetown University Hospital, says, that’s not the case. “There are about 200 different viruses that cause the common cold and people think that once you get infected one time you develop immunity for the rest of your life. This is wrong,” she said.
There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures? Even some studies have shown that people get sick more frequently during the winter. But Dr. Mishori says it is not because of the cold weather. “It’s because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.”
While there is no actual cure for the common cold, Dr. Mishori says there are still a few things you can do to help reduce its duration and intensity. Though the medical community says Vitamin C does not help prevent colds, there is definitely some proof that it helps keep them from being as bad.
In addition, medical science says honey and chicken soup are effective against colds. Especially honey. “Chicken soup has anti-inflammatory properties so it helps reduce the duration of the cold but it also helps clear the mucus”, Dr. Mishori said.
There’s also a common belief that you should “feed a cold and starve a fever.” Dr Mishori say “ not necessarily.” “If you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything it’s not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea anything that gets fluids into your body,” she said. “That’s very important.”
There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster. Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn’t make the cold better, it won’t make it worse either - while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course.
36. According to the common belief “feed a cold and starve a fever”, people should ________ when catching cold.
A. drink a lot to get fluids into their body B. have as much water and tea as possible
C. eat a lot even if they don’t feel like eating D. starve themselves to a certain extent to kill the virus
37. Medical experts find that people catch cold because________.
A. they fail to develop immunity B. they stay in cold weather
C. they transmit the virus themselves D. they like to gather together
38. In the last paragraph, the sentence “There are many other myths about colds that do not pass scientific muster” means that many other myths regarding colds________.
A. are not accepted as scientific B. are not convincing enough
C. do not draw scientific conclusions D. are rejected by the public with a common sense
39. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to reduce duration and intensity of cold B. Scientific discoveries on the basis of myths
C. Effects of different food on overcoming cold D. The old myths and new facts concerning cold
【答案】36. C 37. C 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些关于感冒的常见错误观点以及科学的医学解释。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There’s also a common belief that you should “feed a cold and starve a fever.” Dr Mishori says “not necessarily.” “If you do have a cold and you don’t feel like eating anything it’s not going to hurt you but you have to drink a lot and you can drink water or tea anything that gets fluids into your body,” she said. “That’s very important.”(还有一种普遍的说法是“感冒宜吃，发烧宜饿”。Mishori博士说，“不一定”。她说：“如果你真的感冒了，你不想吃任何东西，这不会伤害你，但你必须喝很多水，你可以喝水或茶，任何让液体进入你的身体的东西。这是非常重要的。”)”可推知，根据“感冒宜吃，发烧宜饿”的普遍观念，人们即使感冒时不想吃，也应该多吃。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s because people tend to congregate and be together and the way the common cold virus is transmitted from one person to another is through handshake, through sneezing, or through coughing on one another.(这是因为人们倾向于聚集在一起，普通感冒病毒从一个人传播到另一个人的方式是通过握手、打喷嚏或彼此咳嗽)”可知，医学专家发现人们感冒是因为他们自己传播病毒。故选C。
【38题详解】
句意猜测题。根据最后一段“Doctors say the best advice is to continue using whatever works best for you. Even if it doesn’t make the cold better, it won’t make it worse either - while you wait for the cold to just run its natural course.(医生说，最好的建议是继续使用对你最有效的药物。即使它不能使感冒好转，也不会使它更糟——在你等待感冒自然发展的过程中)”可知，“There are many other myths about cold that not pass scientific gather”这句话的意思是，关于感冒的许多其他神话并不被科学接受。故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“There are many other common beliefs about colds that medical science does not support. How many of us believe the main cause of the common cold is exposure to cold temperatures?(关于感冒还有许多其他的普遍观点，但医学科学并不支持。我们中有多少人相信普通感冒的主要原因是暴露在寒冷的温度下？)”结合文章主要说明了一些关于感冒的常见错误观点以及科学的医学解释。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是关于感冒的旧神话和新事实。故选D。
(B)
You know it’s fun to take in the wine country sights. But have you thought about trying the heights?
Whether you’re zooming down a zip line or floating through the air in a hot-air balloon, there are quite a few ways to experience the high life in wine country.
Here are three options ranging from thrill to chill.
1. Up, up in the air: Multicolored hot-air balloons dotting a blue sky are a signature of wine country and you can be part of the picture-postcard scene. Several companies offer balloon flights, including Napa Valley Aloft, which launches from the V Marketplace in Yountville and has two alternate launching places if it’s foggy. Be aware this is a bird’s-eye view for early birds. Flights launch just after dawn when winds are calmest and temperatures lowest. Prices start at $220 for a ride in a gondola that holds up to 14 people followed by an optional $20 Champagne breakfast. Booking in advance recommended, especially in the high seasons of summer and fall.
2. Zip-n-sip: In Paso Robles, the grape-growing area along California’s Central Coast that was featured in the popular 2004 buddy movie, ”Sideways,“ Margarita Adventures has zip lines that will have you whizzing over forests, canyons and vineyards. The tour concludes with optional tastings at neighboring Ancient Peaks Winery. Tickets are $109 on weekdays, $119 on weekends and holidays, $89 for youth under 18 at all times. Details at http://www.margarita-adventures.com.
3. Glide in a gondola: For a brief but lovely time aloft, ride the aerial tram at Sterling Vineyards in Calistoga. You get a smooth ride up a tree-studded hill and are greeted at the top with a glass of wine as you begin a self-guided tour of galleries and overlooks. Finish with a wine and food pairing on the South Terrace which has sweeping views of the Napa Valley. Open Monday-Friday 10:30 a.m.—5 p.m., weekends 10 a.m.—5 p.m. Admission starts at $29, with additional fees for food pairings, and tickets can be booked through http://www.SterlingVineyards.com.
40. In which column of a magazine can you find the article?
A. Geography and People. B. City Beats.
C. Food and Entertainment. D. Travel.
41. What can you learn from the first option?
A. V Marketplace in Yountville is the only spot for the launch of balloon flights.
B. Viewing birds is also an important part of the flight.
C. Balloon flights will not start until the sun sets.
D. Weather plays a critical role in balloon flights.
42. Which of the following is True?
A. Booking in advance is highly recommended for all of the three options.
B. Tickets can be bought through their respective websites.
C. Tourists can have choices to taste wine in any of the options.
D. There is a special offer for children in all of the three options.
【答案】40. D 41. D 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了葡萄酒之乡观光的三个活动。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Whether you’re zooming down a zip line or floating through the air in a hot-air balloon, there are quite a few ways to experience the high life in wine country.(无论你是在高空滑索上滑翔，还是乘坐热气球在空中漂浮，都有很多方式可以体验葡萄酒之乡的高级生活)”结合文章主要介绍了葡萄酒之乡观光的三个活动。可推知，文章选自杂志的“旅游”版面。故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Flights launch just after dawn when winds are calmest and temperatures lowest.(热气球飞行在黎明后起飞，那时风最平静，温度最低)”可知，天气在热气球飞行中起着关键作用。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Prices start at $220 for a ride in a gondola that holds up to 14 people followed by an optional $20 Champagne breakfast.(乘坐可容纳14人热气球吊舱起售价220美元，随后可选择20美元的香槟早餐)”，第五段中“The tour concludes with optional tastings at neighboring Ancient Peaks Winery.(游览结束时，您可以在附近的古峰酒庄品尝葡萄酒)”以及第六段中“Finish with a wine and food pairing on the South Terrace which has sweeping views of the Napa Valley.(最后，在南边的露台上享有葡萄酒和食物，这里可以看到纳帕谷的全景)”可知，C选项“游客可以选择在任何一个选项中品尝葡萄酒。”正确。故选C。
(C)
The US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) recently asked scientists, lawyers, social scientists and other experts to consider some of these ethical dimension. To give two examples: on privacy, as we let more listening devices into our homes, how do we prevent the data they collect falling into the wrong hands through hacking (黑客) or simply being sold between companies without us receiving any money? Another example: mixed reality, including virtual reality, will become pervasive in the next few years. As we move from headsets to what the IEEE committee describes as “more delicate sensory enhancements” we will use technology to live in an illusory world in many aspects of our lives. How do we balance the rights of the individual, control over our virtual identity, and the need to live and interact on a face-to-face basis while being empowered to live rich lives in mixed reality?
There is, of course, always a tension between innovation and regulation. But it can often seem that giant steps are taken in technology with minimal public discussion. Take the self-driving car: although it may be safer than human drivers and is likely to save more than a million lives a year worldwide, it will also take jobs from drivers, traffic police, sign-makers, car-repair companies, carmakers and more. Is this a bargain we want to make? In taking that decision, have we given thought to a car that knows everywhere we go, decides routes, perhaps, based on paid advertisement from shops along the way—and listens and sees everything we do on board? What will happen to that data and can it be kept safe?
Additionally, while some worry about the uncommon “trolley problem” of whom the car should choose to hit in a strange accident—an old lady or a mother and baby—perhaps the more frequent issue will be how we find out what the algorithm (运算程序) was thinking at the time of an accident, because AIs (Artificial Intelligence) are self-learning and devise their own strategies.
Similar concerns are emerging over the internet of things. Robot vacuum-cleaners already plot cleaning cycles using computer-aided vision that, for some models, is relayed to their manufacturers. As more things at home become connected, they will be hackable and the data they collect saleable.
It’s time for some messy, democratic discussions about the future of AI.
43. Two examples in paragraph 1 are used to________.
A. shed some light on hacking in our modern life
B lead the reader to think of ethical issues brought by hi-tech
C. lead in the following example concerning the self-driving car
D. list the existing problems that caught the attention of experts
44. The word “pervasive” in paragraph 1 probably means “________”.
A. intelligent B. powerful C. widespread D. skillful
45. We can infer from the passage that________.
A. innovation should be accompanied by guidelines to relieve tension
B. more giant innovative steps will lead to fewer public discussion
C. disadvantages of the self-driving car will outweigh its advantages
D. artificial intelligence fails to have a promising and bright future
46. In the passage, the author intends to ________.
A. expose some underlying problems in high-technology
B. call on professionals to enforce law and order
C. illustrate AI’s abilities in self-devising and self-learning strategies
D. display our inter-connected computer-aided life in future
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. A 46. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章以自动驾驶车辆以及机器人吸尘器可能带来的问题为例，揭露高科技的潜在问题，呼吁人们考虑高科技带来的一些伦理问题。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“The US Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) recently asked scientists, lawyers, social scientists and other experts to consider some of these ethical dimension. (美国电气与电子工程师协会（IEEE）最近要求科学家、律师、社会科学家和其他专家考虑其中一些道德层面)”推知，第一段的两个例子是为了引导读者思考高科技带来的伦理问题。故选B。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。结合常识和第一段“in the next few years(未来几年)”可知，随着时间的发展，新兴事物之后会变得普遍，划线词所在句子意为“混合现实，包括虚拟现实，将在未来几年变得普遍”，即pervasive意为“普遍的”，与widespread同义。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“There is, of course, always a tension between innovation and regulation. But it can often seem that giant steps are taken in technology with minimal public discussion. (当然，创新和监管之间总是存在矛盾。但在科技领域取得巨大进展时，公众的讨论往往很少)”和最后一段“It’s time for some messy, democratic discussions about the future of AI.(是时候对人工智能的未来进行一些混乱、民主的讨论了)”可知，科技发展，公众需要进行一些相关讨论去明确方向，可得出创新应伴随着缓解紧张局势的指导方针。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“To give two examples: on privacy, as we let more listening devices into our homes, how do we prevent the data they collect falling into the wrong hands through hacking(黑客)or simply being sold between companies without us receiving any money? Another example: mixed reality, including virtual reality, will become pervasive in the next few years. As we move from headsets to what the IEEE committee describes as “more delicate sensory enhancements” we will use technology to live in an illusory world in many aspects of our lives. How do we balance the rights of the individual, control over our virtual identity, and the need to live and interact on a face-to-face basis while being empowered to live rich lives in mixed reality?(举两个例子：关于隐私，当我们让更多的监听设备进入我们的家庭时，我们如何防止它们收集的数据通过黑客攻击落入坏人手中，或者仅仅在公司之间出售而我们没有收到任何钱？另一个例子：混合现实，包括虚拟现实，将在未来几年变得普遍。随着我们从耳机转向IEEE委员会所描述的“更精细的感官增强”，我们将在生活的许多方面使用技术生活在一个虚幻的世界中。我们如何平衡个人的权利、对虚拟身份的控制，以及在面对面的基础上生活和互动的需要，同时有权在混合现实中过上丰富的生活？)”以及下文提到的自动驾驶车辆以及机器人吸尘器可能带来的问题推知，作者写作本文的目的是暴露一些高科技的潜在问题。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum, but with a difference.____47____Instead of learning how to climb a rope, children are taught to lift weights, balance their diets and build physical endurance. In this way, kids are given the tools and skills and experiences so they can lead a physically active life the rest of their life.
____48____In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often “put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered,” says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids. The difference in phys ed programs is partly due to the lack of a national standard. “Physical education needs to be part of the core curriculum,” she added.
The wisdom of the new approach has some scientific support. Researchers at the University of Wisconsin have showed how effective the fit-for-life model of gym class can be.____49____ The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because some reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.
Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a small percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. ____50____
A. The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.
B. While group sports are still part of the curriculum the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class.
C. Research shows that fit kids learn best, and that exercise has a positive impact on brain chemistry and function.
D. Health and physical education provides students with the knowledge, skills and attitude necessary to create and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
E. They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports.
F. Considering that 15 percent of American children aged 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum.
【答案】47. B 48. F 49. E 50. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出体育课作为学校核心课程的一部分正在卷土重来但教授内容有所不同：体育课外依然实用的技能。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Phys ed (physical education) is making a comeback as a part of the school core curriculum, but with a difference.(体育作为学校核心课程的一部分正在卷土重来，但有所不同)”可知，上文提到了体育重回核心课程后的不同之处。由此推知，空处陈述不同之处是什么。B项“While group sports are still part of the curriculum, the new way is to teach skills that are useful beyond gym class.(虽然团体运动仍然是课程的一部分，但新的方法是在体育课之外教授有用的技能)”指出了不同之处在于教授体育课之外的有用技能，符合语境。故选B。
【48题详解】
根据下文“In many cases, that may mean not just replacing the old gym-class model with fitness programs but also starting up phys ed programs because school boards often “put P.E. on the chopping block, cutting it entirely or decreasing its teachers or the days it is offered,” says Alicia Moag-Stahlberg, the executive director of Action for Health Kids.(在许多情况下，这可能意味着不仅要用健身项目取代旧的体育课模式，还要启动体育项目，因为学校董事会经常“把体育放在砧板上，把它完全砍掉，或者减少它的教师或提供体育的天数，”健康儿童行动执行董事艾丽西亚·莫阿格·斯塔尔伯格说)”可知，体育重回核心课程意味着用健身项目替代旧的体育课模式，以及体育项目的启动，这需要的巨大的花费。由此推知，上文指出即使花费巨大也要将体育课进行改革的原因。F项“Considering that 15 percent of American children aged 6 to 18 are overweight, supporters say more money and thought must be put into phys ed curriculum.(考虑到15%的6岁至18岁的美国儿童超重，支持者表示，必须在体育课程中投入更多的资金和思想)”符合题意，很多美国儿童超重是改变体育课让它重回核心课程的原因。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据下文“The researchers also found that teaching sports like football resulted in less overall movement, partly because some reluctant students were able to sit on the bench.(研究人员还发现，教授足球等运动会导致整体运动减少，部分原因是一些不情愿的学生能够坐在板凳上)”中的also可知，空处与下文是并列关系，也陈述研究人员观察教授儿童某种活动的情况。E项“They observed how 50 overweight children lost more weight when they cycled and skied cross-country than when they played sports.(他们观察了50名超重儿童在骑车和滑雪越野时比在运动时体重减轻的情况)”符合题意。故选E。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Another problem with simply teaching group sports in gym class is that only a small percentage of students continue playing them after graduating from high school. (在体育课上简单地教授团体运动的另一个问题是，只有一小部分学生在高中毕业后继续参加)”可知，小学体育课上简单的团体运动在学生长大后不太适用。由此推知，空处陈述在新课程标准下体育课教授的内容对较大的孩子也适用。A项“The new method teaches skills that translate to adulthood.(这种新方法教授的技能适用于成年后)”符合题意。故选A。
Ⅳ Summary (10%)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Benefits of Being Bilingual
At one time being bilingual was thought to slow down brain development, although it is now known to have many benefits. Aside from professional and social benefits, studies show that the process of learning a second language actually strengthens some areas of the brain.
To start off with, a study done at the University of British Columbia shows that babies exposed to two languages before birth don’t confuse the languages. Moreover, it showed that the effort it takes to keep the languages separate improves perception.
The benefits aren’t only for people who grow up bilingual, however. Anyone who learns a second language during their lifetime will have certain advantages. For one, Swedish scientists found that the brain grows during language learning, particularly the area where memories are created.
Not only does the brain grow, but language learners also improve in many areas. They are good at multitasking while paying detailed attention to each task. Additionally they strengthen their math skills, listening skills, ability to focus, problem-solving skills, reading and vocabulary in their native language, and their memory increases. In the area of math, a study done at the University of Washington shows that bilinguals solve new math problems half a second faster than monolinguals.
Language learning also has huge benefits for old age. Brian Gold of the University of Kentucky did a study comparing the ability of bilingual seniors and monolingual seniors to do an attention-switching task. Usually this skill fails with age. However the bilingual seniors performed better than the monolinguals, and their brains worked less hard and more efficiently.
Neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) think that having more brainpower at an older age helps protect us from Alzheimer’s. Current medication for Alzheimer’s only delays it for 6-12 months, while learning a new language delays it for 4-5 years. Again, this is not only for people who learn a second language from birth. Even if you don’t learn another language until after middle age it helps. Language learning keeps your brain active and “fit”.
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【答案】Being bilingual, though once considered to be a barrier to brain development, is known to benefit those speaking two languages from birth, enhancing perception, and those learning another language later in life, improving their memories and various other skills. It also has long-term benefits for the old, keeping their brain active in thinking.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。本文是说明文，主要介绍了双语的好处。
【详解】概要写作基本按照两步走，一是解读文本，二是遣词成文。①解读文本，梳理主旨。本文的体裁是说明文，介绍了双语的好处。结合说明文文体特点，将主题句直观归纳法和关键词整合归纳法相结合，对文本的主旨大意进行梳理解读。
文章第一部分（第1段）介绍了对双语现象过去和现在的研究情况的介绍。通过整合关键词at one time, slow down ,brain development, now, many benefits.可归纳出段落大意：Bilingual, once considered to be a barrier to brain development, is now known to have many benefits.
第二部分（第2段，第3段，第4段，第5段，第6段）描述了双语的好处。第2段谈到了对孩子的好处。通过整合关键词：babies, exposed to two languages before birth, don’t confuse the languages, improves perception可以归纳出段落大意：Babies involved in two languages before birth don’t confuse the languages, but also improve their perception.第3段通过关键词aren’t only for, anyone, have certain advantages可以归纳段落大意：The benefits is also helpful to people learning a second language.第4段，结合首句可以得出段意：Learners not only grows the brains, but also improve in many areas. 第5段，首句为中心句，所以段意为 Language learning also has huge benefits for old age.第6段，末句为总结句，所以段意可以概括为：Language learning keeps your brain active and “fit”
②遣词成文。综上描述，双语的好处应该从孩子出生后的认知，对第二语言的学习，对生活，对老人的帮助四个方面来描述总结。

Ⅴ Translation(15%, 第1-2句，每句3分;第3句4分;第4句5分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 人们以为大学毕业生很好找工作，实则不然。(trouble) （汉译英）
【答案】It is (widely) believed that college graduates have no trouble in finding jobs, which is not true/not the case.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句和时态。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“人们以为大学毕业生很好找工作”可用固定句型It is (widely) believed that...，it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，“做某事没有麻烦”表达为have no trouble in doing sth.；“实则不然”理解为“事实并非如此/不是真的”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是上文整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，“并非如此/不是真的”表达为not true/not the case。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：It is (widely) believed that college graduates have no trouble in finding jobs, which is not true/not the case.
53. 有那么些时候，我必须把事情分出轻重缓急，这样才不至于茫然不知所措。(There) （汉译英）
【答案】There are times when I have to get priorities right/sort out priorities so that I won’t be at a loss about what to do.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语、固定句型和从句。句子陈述现在的情况，基础时态为一般现在时；“有那么些时候”可用固定句型there are times when...表达，when引导定语从句修饰times，“我必须把事情分出轻重缓急”为定语从句的主要内容，“不得不”表达为have to，“把事情分出轻重缓急”表达为get priorities right/sort out priorities；“这样才不至于茫然不知所措”处理为so that引导的结果状语从句，“不知所措”即“不知道该做什么”表达为be at a loss about what to do，该句描述将来的事情，用一般将来时。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：There are times when I have to get priorities right/sort out priorities so that I won’t be at a loss about what to do.
54. 正是神舟12号载人太空飞行任务的成功，为国家空间站的继续建设和运行打下了坚实基础。(It) （汉译英）
【答案】It was the success of Shenzhou-12 manned spaceflight mission that laid a solid foundation for the continued construction and operation of the country’s space station.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和强调句。句子陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时。“神舟12号载人太空飞行任务的成功”为句子主语，“……的成功”表达为the sussess of，“神舟12号载人太空飞行任务”表达为 Shenzhou-12 manned spaceflight mission；“打下基础”表达为lay a foundation for，lay是谓语动词；“空间站的继续建设和运行”是介词for的宾语，表达为 the continued construction and operation of the country’s space station。本句对主语进行强调，用it was+主语+that+其他。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：It was the success of Shenzhou-12 manned spaceflight mission that laid a solid foundation for the continued construction and operation of the country’s space station.
55. 由于突然的断电，整个城市陷入黑暗，这让人们有了难得的机会欣赏夜空中闪闪繁星。(plunge) （汉译英）
【答案】Because of the sudden power failure, the whole city plunged into/was plunged into darkness, which provided people with rare opportunity to appreciate the shining stars in the night sky.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、从句和时态。句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；“由于突然的断电”可处理为原因状语，“由于”because of，“突然的断电”sudden power failure；“整个城市陷入黑暗”为主语，“整个城市”是特指，表达为the whole city，“陷入”表达为plunge into/be plunged into；“这让人们有了难得的机会欣赏夜空中闪闪繁星”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，“给某人提供某物”表达为provide sb. with sth.，“做……的难得机会”表达为rare opportunity to do sth.，“欣赏闪闪繁星”表达为appreciate the shining stars，“在夜空中”表达为in the night sky。综上，故翻译为：Because of the sudden power failure, the whole city plunged into/was plunged into darkness, which provided people with rare opportunity to appreciate the shining stars in the night sky.
Ⅵ Guided Writing (25%)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请针对图片反映的社会现象，写一篇短文，谈谈你对此现象的看法。词数：150左右。内容包括：
a. 简要描述图片;
b. 分析原因和提出建议

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【答案】One possible version:
As we can see, the pictures show some uncivilized tourism phenomena.
Some people carve “someone came here” on the trees or walls of the scenic areas to prove that they have been there. Some people trample on the lawns or climb on the rocks just to take a beautiful photo to show off. Others throw garbage and urinate everywhere just for their own convenience, regardless of the damage to the environment. The behaviors above have caused a serious impact on the scenic areas, which is worth thinking deeply.
As far as I am concerned, we should take effective measures to prevent these acts. First of all, before entering the scenic area, tourists should be reminded to tour in a civilized manner. In addition, putting some reminders along the paths is necessary. Most importantly, uncivilized behavior, once found, should be severely punished.
Scenic spots are our natural heritage, and we should work together to protect them.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇图画作文。要求考生描述图片，分析这些现象的原因并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
践踏：trample→step
垃圾：garbage→litter
值得做某事：be worth doing→be worthy to be done
造成：cause→lead to
2.句型拓展
同义句
原句：As we can see, the pictures show some uncivilized tourism phenomena.
拓展句：What we can see in the pictures are some uncivilized tourism phenomena.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As we can see, the pictures show some uncivilized tourism phenomena.（as引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]The behaviors above have caused a serious impact on the scenic area, which are worth thinking deeply.（which引导非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1-10 DDBBA CBCDB 11-13 DBC 14-16 DAC 17-20 CBAA