中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类二（含答案）

这是一份中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类二（含答案），共9页。试卷主要包含了 【2019 • 浙江绍兴】， 【2019 • 浙江嘉兴】等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解（共5题）1、The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(吸管)， toothbrushes， toys—all kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050， they could have 13 billion tons.Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.Governments are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work， it is still a solvable problem. In Britain， people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as well. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. That's enough to circle the Earth twice. “Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference，” Dana Lofflin who startedwww.strawfree.org said. “Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?”People have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You don’t have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards， a scientist at Harvard University， designed an eatable bag which can protect the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.8. According to the write， birds die because they _______.A. eat bottle caps and strawsB. get caught in fishing netsC. feed on ocean animalsD. have the spoons in India9. The underlined word "endangers" in Paragraph 2 probably means _______.A. brings     B. loses      C. harms      D. saves10. The purpose of the passage is mainly to _______.A. introduce some ways to recycle wasteB. tell readers about the problem with plasticsC. compare air pollution and plastic pollutionD. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste11. From the passage， we can tell that the plastics problem _______.A. is too big for people to solve    B. can be solved by recycling aloneC. can be solved， but it won’t be easy   D. will have to be solved by future scientists2、 【2019 • 浙江绍兴】阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。      A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish. So, a zero-waste store is about providing a kind of everyday and pleasant-looking zero-waste products to help people start on a zero-waste life journey.    "Zero waste" or "danshari" was first suggested by a French woman called Bea Johnson. Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different kinds of ways to save the environment such as stopping the use of one-off objects; giving unwanted things to others or giving them away to organizations like the Red Cross.    Yu Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea. She and her boyfriend have lived in Beijing for many years. And earlier she used to buy things without thinking about them carefully until she saw a video about "zero waste", in which a family of four placed the rubbish they produced every year in a jar (罐). After watching the video, Yu wanted to experience this zero-waste lifestyle with her boyfriend.    A zero-waste life follows the 6R rule-Refuse Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot. Over August-October when Yu followed the rule of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both produced only two cans of rubbish.    Now, the couple have opened a small shop in Beijing, where they use wood products to take the place of plastic ones and cloth bags printed with environmentally friendly logos. Most products sold in the store can be reused. The store also has second-hand books and CDs/DVDs with, ideas to make the best of the used things.    "Those who once experienced the non-waste lifestyle have slowly changed their ideas," says Ya, "The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics (苦行僧). It is just around us at our finger-tips." Yu expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.8. Bea Johnson suggests that people should ________.      A. try to produce no rubbish in life
B. share objects with others
C. help their friends live comfortably
D. work hard for the Red Cross9. We can see from the passage that Yu Yuan ________.      A. offers plastic bags in her store
B. is influenced by the 6R rule
C. often buys things she doesn't need
D. likes listening to CDs very much10. What Yu Yuan says in the last paragraph probably means that ________.      A. lots of people doubt the zero-waste lifestyle
B. she feels it hard to continue her lifestyle
C. her friends have followed her lifestyle
D. the zero-waste lifestyle is not difficult to live11. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?      A. Opening up a second-hand store
B. Recycling waste
C. Saving the environment
D. Joining the couple3、 【2019 • 浙江嘉兴】Fresh green grass. Hundreds of colorful wild flowers. Water running into little pools. Birds making their homes in boxes. The 9, 500-square-metre Augustenborg Botanical Garden may look just like any other well-organized park but there’s a difference. It lies on the roofs(屋顶) of industrial and office buildings in the city of Malmo in Sweden.Green roofs are not a new invention. And now they are getting popular again. The common roofs of a modem city have endless black surfaces with no life or water. Perhaps that’s why a garden on a roof becomes such a perfect choice for more and more people.Green roofs are not just pretty. They also help to moderate the city temperature. The high temperatures on common roofs in the summer can make top floor flats uncomfortably hot. What is more, they play a part in making the cities hotter than the countryside around them, causing the “urban heat-island effect”. On a green roof, however, with its plants and water, temperatures change only a little, as they do in a park. This can greatly cut the costs of heating and cooling in the building below.Also, a green roof takes in rain water, and protects the city drainage(排水) system. ___23___ And small animals and birds can make their homes on it. Thanks to this, the city may become part of nature, rather than something completely separate from it.While the cost of building such a roof can still be higher, it can be cheaper in the long term as a result of energy savings. And wouldn't it be wonderful to be able to walk out into a garden high above the city’s noise and traffic, whether you're at school or in an office or just at home in a ten-floor block.8. With the example of Augustenborg Botanical Garden, the writer wants to explain ____.A. how wildlife is protected      B. what a green roof is likeC. how to organize a good park    D. what to do with a spare roof9. The underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to “____”.A. raise      B. check      C. record     D. control10. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?A. A green roof is alive.      B. A green roof stops pollution.C. A common roof is noisy.     D. A common roof increases the cost.11. The purpose of the passage is to ____.A. discover the problems with green roofs  B. introduce the change of green roofsC. show the amazing beauty of green roofs  D. describe the advantages of green roofs4、 In the future, people may travel to Mars (火星) by water-powered spaceship! Today's spaceships are fine for getting things into space, but they are not so good at travelling long distances. These spaceships burn chemical fuels (燃料) and they are very expensive. Scientists say that a water-powered spaceship could make the trip to Mars much cheaper. The idea is just in the planning stages now, but scientists think such a spaceship could be developed soon. The key to the water-powered spaceship is the engine (发动机) Regular engines push spaceships by burning fuel. The water engine will use steam, created by solar panels (太阳能板) that heat water to a high temperature. Of course, the spaceship will have to carry a lot of water for the long trip to Mars. Today's spaceships could not cay that much water But scientists think that a spaceship blown up like a balloon will be able toOne US company has already developed a spaceship like this. These spaceships are made of a strong material. Two of them have already been sent up into space, using rockets and then later filled with air. "Balloon" spaceships could be very large and carry enough water for a long trip. With the "Balloon" spaceships, enough water could be carried to power the engines and grow food during the trip. And the people on the spaceship might even get to take a hot bath!Scientists say the biggest advantage of such a spaceship would be cost. The "Balloon" spaceship uses water to push it through space and costs about one thirtieth of a normal spaceship. Such savings naturally encourage continued research into balloon spaceships and water engines. If these scientists are correct, we may soon be on our way to Mars in a spaceship powered by water. 32. Which sentence best describes the main idea of the passage above?A. The key to the water-powered spaceship is the engine. B. In the future, people may travel to Mars by water-powered spaceship. C. One US company has already developed a spaceship like this. D Scientists say the biggest advantage of such a spaceship would be cost. 33What do you think is omitted (省略) at the end of the underlined sentence?A. use steam                         B. push spaceships C. heat water                          D. carry that much water34. Besides growing food, what else might astronauts do with the rest of the water?A. Take a hot bath.                    B. Freeze dangerous things. C. Blow up a balloon.                   D. Change the surface of Mars.         35. On which website can we probably read this passage?A. www. freedictionary. com/power      B. www. mooc. cn/musicC. www. chinadaily. com. cn/culture        D. www. space. com/spaceflight5、 In China, each year we produce about 150 million tons of city waste according to a report. Where does the waste go? People usually burn or bury(埋)it. On the other hand, we receive waste from some developed countries. We get useful materials from it. What about the useless part? Still burnedor buried. But is it a proper way?Waste pollutes the environment, harms people's health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of green and sustainable development. We can't make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean water and green mountains to our next generations(一代人). China is getting really serious about waste now. We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity factories. They burn waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment. The Chinese government is encouraging people to do waste sorting(分类). Cities like Shanghai, Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting systems. More will join them soon. As President Xi Jinping said during a visit to Shanghai, waste sorting is a new fashion(时尚). More and more people are forming the habit of separating their waste. 52. The writer starts the passage by _______________.A. telling stories                      B. comparing numbersC. raising questions                    D. giving suggestions53. The underlined word "sustainable" in Paragraph 2 means "__________"in Chinese.A. 可享受的          B. 可持续的          C. 可借鉴的          D. 可复活的54. From the passage, we know that ____________________.A. waste does harm only to the environmentB. those who break the law may not be punishedC. China stops getting waste from developed countriesD. waste sorting starts to become popular in China55. The structure of the passage may be. (①=Paragraph1 ②=Paragraph2 ③=Paragraph 3 ④=Paragraph4 ⑤=Paragraph 5 ⑥=Paragraph 6) ============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、 8. A    9. C    10. B    11. C【解析】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。【8题详解】题意：据报道，鸟类死亡是因为__________。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）可知“鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖”；故选A。【9题详解】题意：第2段中下画线单词“endangers”可能意思是_______。考查词义猜测。A. brings带来；B. loses失去；C. harms伤害；D. saves拯救。根据上文Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）描述可知“此句It endangers ocean life.句意是：它危害海洋生物。”根据句意可知“endangers”可能意思是“harms”；选C。【10题详解】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是________。考查主旨理解。本文讲述了关于塑料问题。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。【11题详解】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题_________。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Though it is hard work， it is still a solvable problem.（虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然是一个可以解决的问题。）可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。2、 8—11 ABDC【考点】科普环保类，说明文    【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要通过生活中零消费人物法国人Bea Johnson和北京人Yu Yuan的实例来倡导零消费的生活方式，包括零消费的6R原则。
8. 细节理解题。根据Her idea is: live a life and try not to create any rubbish;过一种生活，不要制造垃圾。可知她的建议是在生活中尽量不产生垃圾， 故选A。
9. 细节理解题。根据Over August-October when Yu followed the rule of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both produced only two cans of rubbish.当余遵循零浪费的6R规则时，她和她的男朋友乔·哈维都只生产了两罐垃圾。可知她是个被6R原则影响的人，故选B。
10. 推理判断题。根据The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics . It is just around us at our finger-tips.零浪费生活方式不适合做苦行家。它就在我们的身边，可知零消费的生活方式并不难，故选D。
11. 标题判断题。本文介绍零消费的生活方式就是在生活中尽量不产生垃圾，也就是保护我们的环境。选项C做符合文章的大意，故选C。
 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。3、 8--11 B D A D【解析】本文以奥古斯登堡植物园为例介绍了什么是绿色屋顶以及绿色屋顶的好处。绿色屋顶不只是漂亮。它们也有助于调节城市温度。此外，绿色屋顶吸收雨水，保护城市排水系统。绿色屋顶充满生机，使这座城市成为自然的一部分。【8题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段的描述“新鲜的青草。数百朵五颜六色的野花水流入小水池。鸟在盒子里安家。这座面积为9500平方米的奥古斯登堡植物园看起来可能和其他组织良好的公园一样，但也有不同之处。它位于瑞典马尔默市工业和办公楼的屋顶上。”可知“以奥古斯登堡植物园为例，作者想解释一下绿色屋顶是什么样的。”故选B。【9题详解】考查词义猜测。A. raise升高，筹集；B. check检查；C. record记录    D. control控制，调节。根据下文的描述可知“夏天普通屋顶上的高温会使顶层的公寓变得异常炎热。更重要的是，它们使城市比周围的乡村更热，造成了“城市热岛效应”。然而，在有植物和水的绿色屋顶上，气温变化很小，就像在公园里一样。这可以大大降低下面建筑的供暖和制冷成本。”可知此句They also help to moderate the city temperature.句意是：它们也有助于调节城市温度。根据句意可知moderate意思是控制，调节；故选D。【10题详解】考查细节理解。根据下文And small animals and birds can make their homes on it.（小动物和小鸟可以在上面安家。）可知此句是：绿色屋顶充满生机。故选A。【11题详解】考查主旨理解。本文以奥古斯登堡植物园为例介绍了什么是绿色屋顶以及绿色屋顶的好处。绿色屋顶不只是漂亮。它们也有助于调节城市温度。此外，绿色屋顶吸收雨水，保护城市排水系统。绿色屋顶充满生机，使这座城市成为自然的一部分。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的是描述绿色屋顶的优点；故选D。4、 32. B 33. D  34. A   35. D 5、 52~55 CBDA