所属成套资源:【题型解密】2023年春英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练(北京专用)
备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练(北京专用)突破 02 代词
展开这是一份备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练(北京专用)突破 02 代词,文件包含备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练北京专用突破02代词解析版docx、备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练北京专用突破02代词原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共26页, 欢迎下载使用。
一、考点总结
考点一、人称代词
1. 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。
The cat is small. It(此处代指第三人称单数 The dog)is Mary’ s.
2. 分类:人称代词主格和人称代词宾格
人称 | 单数 | 复数 | ||
主格 | 宾格 | 主格 | 宾格 | |
第一人称 | I | me | we | us |
第二人称 | you | you | you | you |
第三人称 | he | him | they | them |
she | her | |||
it | it |
3. 用法
(1)通常主格作主语(在句首,动词前)。
► He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
(2)宾格作宾语(在动词或介词后)或作表语(在be动词后)。
► Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗?(作宾语)
► —Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?
—It’s me. 是我。(作表语)
(3)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。
► Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。
(4)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。
► —I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。
—Me too. 我也喜欢。
(5)人称代词并列时的排列顺序。
①人称代词单数并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称,即you, he/she/it and I(若是承担错误责任,第一人称应当先)。
► It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称,即we, you and they。
考点二、物主代词
- 物主代词的形式和用法
| 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |||
| 单数 | 复数 | 单数 | 复数 | 单数 | 复数 |
形容词性物主代词 | my | our | your | your | its/his/her | their |
名词性物主代词 | mine | ours | yours | yours | its/his/hers | theirs |
(1)形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前,不能单独使用。
(2)名词性的物主代词,后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。
Our classroom is as big as ______(they) .
This is a friend of ______(my).
注: ①、名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.(名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词)
②、形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.
My own house = a house of my own
考点三、反身代词
1.反身代词可在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。如:
(1)He can take care of himself. 他能照顾他自己。(作宾语)
(2)The poor boy in the story was myself. 这个故事里可怜的男孩是我自己。(作表语)
(3)You should ask the teacher himself. 你应该问老师他自己。(作同位语)
2.反身代词常见的固定搭配:
help oneself (to) 随意吃/喝; enjoy oneself 玩得愉快;
dress oneself 自己穿衣; teach oneself=learn by oneself自学;
make oneself at home使某人感到宾至如归; come to oneself 苏醒;
say to oneself 自言自语; by oneself 单独地,独自地;
for oneself 为自己; look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾自己;
lose oneself in(doing)sth. 沉溺于……; devote oneself to 致力于……
3.反身代词必须与主格保持一致。如:
They enjoyed themselves in the park.
Tom's father learned English by himself.
考点四、指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
指示代词 | 用法 | 例句 |
this(these) | 用于指时间或空间上较近的事物 | Is this your pen? These are my books. |
that(those) | 用于指时间或空间上较远的事物 | That dictionary is Mary’ s. Are those your books? |
2. 用法
指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
(1)that 和those代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。
My seat is next to that of the mayor.(that=mayor’ s seat)我的座位在市长座位旁边。
(2)this 或 that用来回指上文提到的事情,但若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用 this。
—She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。
—Who said that? 那是谁说的?
I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点:她美吗?
(3)在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用that指对方:
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?
(4)指示代词this,that和these在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。
考点五、 it的用法
在初中英语学习中,我们经常会见到it,但是很多学生对it的用法掌握不牢,出现了很多错误。现将it 的用法做个简单小结,帮助同学们正确理解和运用。
1. it 可用作人称代词,在句中可以做主语,也可以做宾语等。它可以指人,物或事。
(1) it 指人时表示:说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用;指说话者心目中的那个人。如:
---- Who is knocking at the door? ---- It’s me. // ---- Who is that speaking? ---- It’s me.
---- Who is the man? ---- It is my father. // Who taught you maths last term? Was it Mrs. Wang?
(2) it 指事物时,可指代有生命的东西(包括动物),也可指无生命的东西。注意 it指物时,表示同类同物。如:
This is my dog. It is very lovely. // I lost my pen. I didn’t find it.
What is that? It is a boat. // Don’t play football in the street. It is very dangerous.
2. it 可以指代时间,天气,距离,气候,季节,长度,重量等。如:
---- What time is it? ---- It is 11:20.
----What’s the weather like today? ---- It is windy.
How long is it from the school to your home?
3. it可代替动词不定式/动名词,在句中做形式主语。动词不定式/动名词作主语时,主语太长,显得头重脚轻,为了避免这种现象,用it 代替动词不定式/动名词作主语,真正的主语不定式/动名词放到句后。如:
To learn a foreign language is not easy.可写成 It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
Getting everything ready in time was very difficult.可写成 It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.
4. it 可以做形式宾语,在少数动词后可以代替动词不定式/动名词做宾语(后面跟有宾语补足语)。像 find, think, believe, make, feel等。常用在“主语+v.+it+宾补(adj./n)+不定式/动名词”结构。如:
I find it difficult to learn English. // He thinks it easy to work out this maths problem.
5. 强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,用who;如果不强调人一律用that。除谓语部分外,句中的任何成分都可以被强调。如:
I met John in the street yesterday.
It was I who met John in the street yesterday.(强调主语)
It was in the street that I met John.(强调地点状语,不可用where)
It was John that I met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)
It was yesterday that I met John in the street.(强调时间状语,不可用who)
考点六、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词 | 成分 |
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one | 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 |
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none | 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语 |
every,no | 在句中只能作定语 |
- 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
用法 | 例句 |
some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词 | Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词) Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词) |
some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any | Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。 Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗? |
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示"任何" | If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。 Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。 |
some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示"某一";any表示"任何的" | Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。 |
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法 | 用于可数名词 | 用于不可数名词 |
表示肯定概念 | a few虽少,但有几个 | a little虽少,但有一点 |
表示否定概念 | few不多,几乎没有 | little不多,没有什么 |
【知识拓展】
1. 这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。
Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人去过北京。(主语)
I know little about the book. 我几乎不知道这本书的内容。(宾语)
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。(定语)
He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。(定语)
2. a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示"有点,稍微",little表示"很少"。
I’ m a little hungry. 我有点俄。(修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. 玛丽,请走快一点儿。(修饰副词比较级)
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法 | 例句 | |
other | 某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的 | Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? |
others | 其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构 | Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。 |
the other | 两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构 | She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。 |
the others | 其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 | In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。 |
another | 另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个" | You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗? |
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
用法 | 例句 | ||
all | ①侧重指三者或三者以上"都,全部,一切",在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语; all于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定使用none。 | All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。 Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 | |
【知识拓展】all作主语,指代人时,谓语动词使用复数形式,指代事情时,谓语动词一般使用单数;作同位语时,all在句中的位置与both相同。 All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。 | |||
both | ①表示"两者都",可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语; ②用于否定句表示部分否定,全部否定使用neither; ③both... and"两者都,既……又……"。 | They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。 Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 | |
【知识拓展】both作主语时,谓语动词使用复数形式;作主语的同位语时,位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。 Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。 They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。 | |||
none | ①意为"没有人,没有一个,一点儿也没有,作主语和宾语,不作定语; ②none指代可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可,而指代不可数名词时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 | None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。 None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。 | |
【注意】none与no one的区别:none既可指人,又可指物,而no one意为"没有人",只能用于指人。作主语时,谓语用单数;none可以与of搭配,而no one无此用法;none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句,而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。 —How many students are there in the classroom now? 现在教室里有多少学生? —None. 没有一个人。 —Who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室呢? —No one. 没人。 | |||
either | ①表示"两者中任何一个",可作主语、宾语和定语; ②either作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。 | You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。 The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了,而且都受欢迎。 | |
【知识拓展】 (1)either可用于搭配"either... or...",意为"或者……或者……;要么……要么……"。 Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 (2)either可作为副词,意为"也",用于否定句的句末。 He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去,我也不去。 | |||
neither | ①意为"两者都不",可作主语、宾语和定语; ②neither... nor..."既不……也不……"。 | Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 | |
【注意】neither作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。 | |||
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法 | 例句 |
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语 | Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语) Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语) Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语) |
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面 | There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。 |
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情" | There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。 Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗? |
【注意】
every day与everyday的区别:
1. every day是名词短语,在句中充当状语,修饰整个句子。
I finish my homework before 9 every day. 我每天九点前完成作业。
2. everyday是形容词,在句中充当定语,修饰名词。
Everyday work makes me bored. 每天的工作让我很烦。
二、考点突破
1.Can I use your computer to do my homework, Jimmy? There’s something wrong with ________.
A.you B.me C.mine
2.If _________ litters, our world will be more beautiful.
A.somebody B.nobody C.anybody
3.—When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
—________ is OK. I’m free these days.
A.Both B.All C.Either
4.To ________ surprise, the film Jiang Ziya wasn’t as popular as we thought.
A.we B.our C.us D.ours
5.Sun Mei is one of students who can play the piano in her class. She started to play it at the age of six.
A.few B.a few C.the few D.very few
6.The woman ________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A.whom B.what C.which D.who
7.Many people are in the zoo. Some are watching animals, and _________ are taking photos.
A.the other B.another C.others
8.—Can you tell me what’s in that leather bag?
—________.
A.Nothing B.No one C.None D.No
9.The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest, but ________ didn’t help.
A.she B.it C.which D.he
10.—You must be very close to your brother.
—In a way, yes. Whenever my mum tries to pick ________one of us to do the chores, our kinship breaks.
A.both B.all C.either D.neither
11.The boy came in with an ice-cream in one hand and a hamburger in his _________ hand.
A.the other B.another C.other D.one
12.—________ is the population of India?
—It is ________ than ________ of China.
A.How large; fewer; it B.What; smaller; that C.How much; less; it D.What; fewer; that
13.— Linda, do you have ________ in your schoolbag?
— No, just my books, my pink hair band and some tennis balls.
A.something valuable B.valuable something C.anything valuable
14.—I find ________ hard to work the problem out.
—Maybe you need more time.
A.that B.it C.this D.if
15.It’s a pleasure ________ a genius like you, Dr Einstein.
A.drive B.driving C.drove D.to drive
16.—How much difficulty did you have ________ this problem?
—________. It’s quite easy.
A.to solve; Nothing B.to solve; None C.solving; None D.solving; Nothing
17.I would like to have some juice, but there is ________ left.
A.none B.something C.no one
18.The students should learn ________ from books ________ from life.
A.so; as B.both; and C.either; or D.neither; nor
19.— When shall we go to see our teacher, this Saturday or Sunday?
— ________ is OK. I’m busy this weekend. Let’s make it next weekend.
A.Both B.Neither C.None
20.—What about doing ________ for the homeless people?
—Good idea!
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