备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 23 阅读词句猜测题

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 一、考点总结考点一、题型特点中考词义猜测题所占比重不大，一般一篇文章的题目数量是0—1个，词义猜测题旨在考察学生对英语上下文行文逻辑的判断，以及关键信息的摘取能力。词义猜测题所考察的内容包括生词、短语、熟词生义、代词指代、名词指代和句意理解，所考查的词、短语或句子的意义往往不停留在字面意思上，而要根据语境来进行推断。考点二、解题技巧关于题干 词义猜测题的题干通常会出现加粗带下划线的单词、短语或句子，有时候还会有引号出现，一般如果文章中有黑色加粗字体，就可以判断会出现词义猜测题。常见的题干设计有：1. The underlined word “…” in the second (third…) paragraph refers to (means) _______.2. By saying “...” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author means that ________.3. In paragraph …, “...” can be replaced by “________”.4. The meaning of “…” in paragraph … is related to ________.5. Which of the following has the closet meaning to... (paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that ________.关于选项 一种选项模式是单词，当选项中的选项都是单词的时候，要注意：如果都是形容词、副词或动词，那么一般都是具备情感色彩的，可以将选项中的单词划分为积极、消极和中性三类，然后再进行推断。 一种选项模式是句子，这种时候一般会对原文句子进行同义替换，重点注意同根单词（也就是和原文长得像的单词）和一些相似含义的单词。 一种选项模式的名词，这种情况一般都是划线单词是名词或者代词，那么一定要对应划线单词的人称和数进行匹配。二、考点突破Passage 1Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near our house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences. He always told me, “You should have goals like climbing the mountain. ” Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience.Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the birds singing; but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that moment, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can’t see it before you reach the top. Only there at the top, can you see all the nice things, just like in life.”At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and worked hard. I made great progress and found myself standing at the top of the mountain. And there, I could see the whole of the sky, which was as clear as crystal（水晶）.1．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?A．My father and I used to have a lot of conversations.B．My father and I used to climb the mountain near our house.C．My father was very busy when I was young.D．I really got a lot from mountain-climbing with my father.2．The word “quit” in the passage means “________”.A．hold on B．put off C．give up D．pick up3．We can infer from the last paragraph that________.A．the writer was very successful in his lifeB．the writer reached the top of the mountainC．though the writer was young, he could understand his fatherD．the writer used to stop half-way when he climbed the mountain4．The passage tells us that mountain-climbing was ________for Father and Son.A．hard B．enjoyable C．painful D．ComfortablePassage 2Most handshakes are a simple greeting. However, they are more common in some places than in others. This is especially true in English-speaking countries. In these countries, handshakes are common in every situation — when meeting a new person, or even when greeting someone that you have not seen for a long time. People also use handshakes to congratulate, or to say goodbye.In Asian countries, handshakes are used in business. But in other situations, there are other greetings. For example, in Thailand, people greet each other using the waist(腰). A person holds his hands so that the palms, the inside of the hands, press together. Then, the person gives a small bow, bending(弯曲) at the waist. Similar gestures(手势) are used in India, Cambodia and other countries.In Latin America, people shake hands. But they also may greet with a kiss. For example, a woman greeting another woman will kiss lightly on each cheek(面颊), and then shake hands. In some places, men may also greet in this way, but it is not as common. Cheek kissing is common in many other parts of the world too, but it is slightly(稍微地) different in each place. For example, in Greece, two people may kiss twice, one kiss on each cheek. But in parts of France, people will kiss four times!So, if you are shaking hands, do you know what the best way to communicate is? Do you use a hard or soft handshake? Do you hold with both hands, or just one? Do you kiss?5．How do people greet each other in Thailand?A．By using the waist. B．By shaking hands.C．By speaking loudly. D．By shaking their heads.6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．Hugging. B．Kissing. C．Greeting. D．Speaking.7．What’s the best title for the passage?A．Different handshakes B．How to greet each otherC．The same gestures D．When to shake handsPassage 3Have you ever wondered if you see the same colors as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it. They see the color and call it “blue” because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red?The ability to see colors depends on receptors (感受器) in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors which will send information to the brain. The brain then deals with the information to make sure which color light the eyes are receiving. Some people’s receptors are more developed than others. People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades of a color.In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way. However, research was done on monkeys, in which they were injected (注射) with a virus to influence their receptors. This made them understand more about colors than usual and brought an interesting discovery. Normally, monkeys can only see blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red. Their brains were made to be able to understand new colors, which might mean the brains are not instinctive (本能的) to understand which color is which. This shows that our brains may get used to new information depending on what they receive during the development. Color could be a very personal experience to everyone.So, the next time you talk about your favorite color, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might actually be thinking about the same color. What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.8．Which is TRUE about people who have color blindness from paragraph 2?A．They cannot see light at all. B．They have developed receptors.C．They can’t tell colors correctly. D．They can’t see any colors.9．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in paragraph 3?A．Scientists B．Receptors C．Monkeys D．Brains10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage.A．Monkeys can only see two colors at any time.B．Our brains can understand colors instinctively.C．Everyone has the same experience about a color.D．The same color might be given different names.11．What’s the passage mainly about ?A．It tells people that different colors have different names.B．People call a color blue because that’s how they were taught.C．It mainly explains why people see the same color differently.D．One’s favorite color is different from that of another one’s.12．Where can you probably find this passage?.A．A science fiction. B．A science magazine. C．A story book.              D．A guide book.Passage 4You might feel full after having a big meal. But you may actually suffer from “hidden hunger”. This means that what you eat may fill your stomach, but it’s not giving you the proper nutrition that your body needs.This happens when food lacks the vitamins and minerals people need to stay healthy, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).At present, “hidden hunger” affects 2 billion people worldwide, including 300 million people in China. It is most commonly seen among children and teenagers and can result in bad immune system, blindness or even death, China News Service reported.Many Chinese people don’t get enough iron, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D．One main reason is that agricultural products don’t have much of these nutrients. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is lost its vitamins and minerals, lowering the nutritional value of the crops that grow on it, according to Xinhua.Many of the processed foods that people enjoy eating today, such as chips, burgers and cookies, have made the situation worse. Vitamins and minerals area easily lost when these foods are processed. People’s Daily noted.The human body needs 16 kinds of minerals, including iron and calcium, and 13 kinds of vitamins, including vitamins A and D, to stay healthy. Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin and allow your bones to grow properly. Minerals are important for maintaining blood pressure and making new cells.In response, China’s government has created several action plans to improve public health, as well as develop and promote nutritious foods.Eating more fresh nutrition—rich food like vegetables, whole grains and dairy can help us stay healthy. For vegetables like carrots and broccoli, boiling and steaming can better preserve their nutrition when compared to frying them, CNN suggests.Word Banknutrition 营养       immune system 免疫系统       promote 推广       preserve 保留 13．“Hidden hunger” happens when ________.A．what you eat include some fresh nutrition—rich food like vegetables.B．what you eat can’t give you the proper nutrition your body need.C．what you eat fills your stomach but you still feel hungry.D．what you eat isn’t a big meal.14．Which one is not the reason why people can’t get proper nutrition?A．People eat too much processed foods such as chips, burgers and cookies.B．Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is losing its vitamins and minerals.C．Children and teenagers are in bad immune system.D．Some agricultural products don’t have much.15．The underlined word “processed” means ________.A．污染的 B．加工的 C．出口的 D．改进的16．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?A．Vitamins may cause blindness.B．Vitamins include iron and calcium.C．Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin.D．Vitamins are hardly lost when foods are processed.17．The passage probably may be taken from ________.A．a shopping poster B．a science report C．a guidebook D．a health magazinePassage 5Many Chinese students are trying their best to pass English tests like the TOEFL and IELTS. At the same time, many non-native (非本土的) Chinese speakers are struggling to learn Chinese and pass the HSK.The HSK is the official test for non-native Chinese speakers. Passing it can give them new work or education opportunities. It has been offered since 1992. Each of the exam’s six levels include three parts: listening, grammar practice and reading. In 2018, the HSK was taken 6.8 million times, up 4.6 percent from 2017, according to the Ministry of Education.Schools in countries around the world are starting to offer more Chinese language programs. That’s because economic and cultural exchanges between China and other countries are continuing to increase,   China Daily reported.For example, the Zambian government has already rolled out Manndarin (推出普通话). classes in over 1,000 secondary schools since May, 2020. It has become the largest Chinese language program in Africa. Zambia will become the fourth country on the continent—after Kenya, Uganda and South Africa-to offer Chinese language programs in its schools.In the year of 2019, Russian middle school students started to take Chinese as an elective (选修的) foreign language on Russia’s national college entrance exam.“I am fascinated with China’s history, culture and language, as well as its economic development. I think studying in China could offer me some great job opportunities”, Patcharamai Sawanaporn, 26, a Thai graduate student in Beijing, told China Daily.18．What do we know about the HSK test?A．Each level of the test includes three parts.B．It is harder to pass than TOEFL or IELTS.C．Over 4.6 million foreigners took the test in 2017.D．All foreigners who come to China are required to take it.19．What does the underlined word “them” in Para.2 refer to?A．Thai graduates. B．Chinese students.C．Non-native Chinese speakers. D．Russian students.20．According to China Daily, more countries are promoting Chinese because of ________.A．the increasing number of Chinese overseas studentsB．the rapid development of Chinese language programsC．the fact that Chinese is one of the UN’s official languagesD．the increasing economic and cultural exchanges with China21．The passage is written to ________.A．explain what the HSK test isB．offer advice for taking the HSK testC．prove that Chinese is not difficult to learnD．show that more people are learning Chinese
参考答案：1．D2．C3．A4．B【解析】本文讲述的是儿子和父亲在登山的过程中，父亲所说的话对儿子的一生产生了很大的影响：人生如同登山，登顶之后才能看到美景，不能半途而废。1．主旨大意题。根据“Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences…”可知，第一段主要讲述了作者在跟父亲爬山的过程中学到了很多，故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据上文“…but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs.”和下文“In fact, I hated it at that mountain…”可知当时作者的双腿疼，而且又讨厌那座山，推测出作者当时想放弃，所以quit的意思是“放弃”，与“give up”同义。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But later after that, I got new hope and worked hard. I made great progress and found myself standing at the top of the mountain”可知作者后来攀登上巅峰，说明作者后来很成功。故选A。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed, We couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing…”可知作者觉得和父亲一起爬山是件愉快的事情。故选B。5．A6．B7．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文,讲述了在不同的国家有不同的问候方式,有的是握手,有的是双手合十并鞠躬,有的是吻脸颊。1.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“For example, in Thailand, people greet each other using the waist.”可知,在泰国人们见面会弯腰行礼,故答案为A。2.代词指代题。根据第三段第三句“For example, a woman greeting another woman will kiss lightly on each cheek, and then shake hands.”可知这里的it应该是“亲吻”这一见面礼,故答案为B。3.主旨大意题。从文中的叙述来看,谈到了握手、鞠躬和吻脸颊三种问候方式。故选B。8．C9．A10．D11．C12．B【解析】本文介绍了同一种颜色在你的眼中和别人的眼中是不同的原因。8．推理判断题。根据“People with weaker receptors usually have color blindness. That the receptor can’t translate the light waves correctly means some people cannot tell different shades of a color.”可知，色盲的人无法正确地辨别颜色，故选C。9．词义猜测题。根据“In the past, most scientists argued that everyone saw colors in the same way.”可知，过去，大多数科学家认为每个人看颜色的方式都是一样的。因此通过研究，科学家能更好地了解颜色，故选A。10．细节理解题。根据“What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.”可知，同样的颜色可能被赋予不同的名称。故选D。11．主旨大意题。根据“But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red?”和“What if everyone in the world has the same favorite color, but just calls it different names.”可知，本文主要解释了为什么人们对同一种颜色的看法不同。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据“But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red?”可知，此处解释为什么你眼中的蓝色可能会是别人眼中的红色，因此属于科学知识，摘自科学杂志，故选B。13．B14．C15．B16．C17．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“隐性饥饿”的含义、成因以及一些解决方法；因为“隐性饥饿”影响了全球两百万人的健康，所以政府也在努力采取措施改善这一问题。13．推理判断题。根据第二段“This happens when food lacks the vitamins and minerals people need to stay healthy…”可知，当食物缺少人体所需的维生素和矿物质时，也就是说当人们吃的东西不能给身体提供所需的适当营养时，人们就会遭受“隐性饥饿”。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据第四段“One main reason is that agricultural products don’t have much of these nutrients. Over 40 percent of China’s farmland is lost its vitamins and minerals…”和第五段“Vitamins and minerals area easily lost when these foods are processed.”可知，“农产品中没有太多营养物质”，“中国40%以上的农田失去了维生素和矿物质”以及“食品在加工过程中容易丢失维生素和矿物质”都会导致人们不能得到足够的营养，只有C选项不是其中的原因。故选C。15．词句猜测题。根据第五段“…such as chips, burgers and cookies…”可知，作为例子的薯条、汉堡和饼干都属于加工过的食品，所以画线处的单词意为“加工的”。故选B。16．细节理解题。根据第六段“Vitamins help maintain healthy eyes and skin…”可知，维生素有助于保持眼睛和皮肤健康，C选项符合原文表达。故选C。17．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了与人体健康有关的“隐性饥饿”，由此可知此文章可能出自健康杂志。故选D。18．A19．C20．D21．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当下全球流行的汉语热。18．细节理解题。根据“Each of the exam’s six levels include three parts: listening, grammar practice and reading”可知，每个考试都包含三部分，故选A。19．词义猜测题。根据“The HSK is the official test for non-native Chinese speakers. Passing it can give them new work or education opportunities”可知，通过这个考试可以给非汉语母语人士提供新的机会和教育机会，所以them指代“Non-native Chinese speakers”，故填C。20．细节理解题。根据“Schools in countries around the world are starting to offer more Chinese language programs. That’s because economic and cultural exchanges between China and other countries are continuing to increase”可知，更多的国家正在推广汉语，是因为与中国日益增加的经济和文化交流，故选D。21．推理判断题。根据“At the same time, many non-native (非本土的) Chinese speakers are struggling to learn Chinese and pass the HSK”“In 2018, the HSK was taken 6.8 million times, up 4.6percent from 2017, according to the Ministry of Education”及“Schools in countries  around the world are starting to offer more Chinese language programs”可知，作者写本文的目的是想告诉读者，越来越多的人在学汉语，故选D。