备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（广东专用）突破 13 非谓语动词

一、考点总结

概念∶非谓语动词又叫非限定动词，是指在句中不作谓语的动词，包括不定式、动名词、分词。

用法∶作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语

非谓语动词  不定式  固定搭配常见接不定式作宾语的词∶agree，afford，expect，choose，help，offer 等

常见接不定式作宾语补足语的词∶allow，ask，encourage，invite，wish，want 等

不定式常见的句型

动名词  用法∶作主语、宾语、补语、状语、表语等

常见动名词作宾语的词∶suggest，enjoy，finish，keep，mind 等

考点一、 动词不定式的用法

1. 动词不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth..

To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。

▲for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。如：It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。

It’s difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。

It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。

▲of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。如：

It’s very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。// It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。如：

（1） It+be+名词+to do sth. 如：It’s our duty to take good care of the old.

（2） It takes sb+some time+to do sth. 如：It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。

（3） It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. 如：It seemed impossible to save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。

（4） It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 如：It cost a lot of money to build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。

【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。如：

To walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。//  ( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。

To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。// To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。

2. 动词不定式作宾语

（1） 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。如：

He can’t afford to go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。//  We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。

They didn’t agree to do that. 他们不同意那样做。//  The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。

（2）动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如：

He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。

I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。

We thought it wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。

3. 动词不定式作补语

动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。

（1）英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。如：I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.

Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. // Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

（2） 英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。如：Can you help me (to) learn English?

They were made to work day and night. // She was heard to sing in the room.

This picture makes me feel tense! // Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.

4. 动词不定式作状语

（1） 动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as如：

He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

A group of young people got together (in order/so as) to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。

（2） 动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。如：I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。

（3）动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。如：

The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。

（4） 动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。如：

The boy is old enough to go to school. // Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus.

5. 动词不定式作定语(须后置)

   （1）不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。如：

I can’t think of any good advice to give her.  //  I have nothing to say on this question.

He needs time to do homework. // Is that a good place to hang out? // You want to know the best way to get around the city.

（2）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。如：

I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。// I have a comfortable house to live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。

Tom had no money and no place to live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。

6. 动词不定式作表语

动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。如：

My wish is to become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。

Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。

Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。

7. 动词不定式的特殊结构

（1）“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：

I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语)  //  Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语)

The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) // Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补)

单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。如：

What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) // Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?)

（2）动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。如：

My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。

Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。

His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。

（3） 动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。如：

You’d better get up early. // Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday?

Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. // I would rather stay at home.

（4）有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。如：

---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation.

---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go)

---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come)

考点二、动名词

动名词的构成

动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。

动名词作用

动名词的特殊用法

      即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。

考点三、现在分词

1. 现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。

I saw the boy playing in the street just now .

2. 现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping .

Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=

Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?

3. 现在分词表伴随情况

He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.

考点四、过去分词

1. 过去分词作宾补

 have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事

I had my TV repaired last night .

2. 过去分词作定语

单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。

Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?

=Have you ever read any books that were written by Luxun?

3.  过去分词作表语   过去分词作表语已经形容词化

My cup is broken .

二、考点突破

一．单项选择

(      )1. Many tourists, they believe will come     the fantastic experience of walking across.

A.enjoy   B. enjoyed   C. enjoying   D. to enjoy

解析：他们相信，许多游客会来享受穿越的美妙体验。动词不定式to do表示目的。故选D.

(      )2.I expect each of you ______ a kite that means something important to you.

A.make             B.to make            C.making         D.made

解析：我希望你们每个人都能做一个对你们来说很重要的风筝。“期望某人做某事”为expect sb. to do sth.，故选B。

(      )3.Young people are encouraged to work hard ______ their own dreams.

A. achieve      B. achieves      C. to achieve      D. achieved

解析：年轻人被鼓励努力工作来实现他们的梦想。题干的句子是简单句，分析句子成分，空格处应用非谓语动词。“年轻人努力工作”的目的是为了实现梦想，非谓语动词中，不定式做目的状语；故选C。

(      )4.After long years of war，many people in Syria are homeless．I think it important_____ a peaceful world．

A．build       B．not build            C．to build          D．not to build

解析：根据I think it important_____ a peaceful world此题考查固定句型 认为干某事是重要的，think it+形容词 +to do．其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to do 不定式．故选：C．

(     )5.For more than once, our head teacher asks us ______the habit of keeping a diary.

A. develop    B. develops    C. developing    D. to develop

解析：答案：D 结合asks us用ask sb to do sth让某人做某事，故答案是D．

二．语法选择（非谓语动词专练）

Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up.As a teenager,just 1.     alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable,and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear

2.     a"loner".In these cases,we might use the word "loner"in a disapproving way.However,it can actually have a positive meaning as well.

It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone.If we see3.     alone as something negative,we will resist（抵制）it.But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life,we'll be able 4.      it.

In some countries，more young people are choosing5.     loners.In South Korea，“honjok”has become a popular lifestyle.The term comes from“hon”(alone)and＂jok＂(tribe).These people eat alone，travel alone，and enjoy6.     alone.

“I hope it grows into a self-supporting cultured of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South

Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 7.      honjok.me.

In Japan,people have developed a strong “loner culture"and even a"loner economy”. There are many karaoke bars and solo cafes.Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners.Clapboards(隔板)separate each seat.They fill out a form8.      an order,and then press a button to call the waiter.So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.

People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about，9.      solitude（独处).This doesn’t mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world,of course.But it doesn’t hurt 10.     some“me time”once in a while.

(     )1.A.eat  B.to eat   C.eating  D.eaten

(     )2.A.be called    B.to be called    C.be calling    D.being called

(     )3.A.is     B.are    C.be     D.being

(     )4.A.hug    B.to hug    C.hugging     D.hugged

(     )5.A.to be     B.be      C.being       D.been

(     )6.A.be   B.to be     C.being    D.been

(     )7.A.call   B.to call   C.calling   D.called

(     )8.A.place    B.to place    C.placing   D.placed

(     )9.A.embrace    B.to embrace    C.embracing    D.embraced

(     )10.A.have     B.to have    C.having    D.had

解析：

文章介绍了独处正在成为一种流行的生活方式，而并非人们传统上认为的消极处事态度。

1.C本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中，动名词短语充当句子的主语。故选C。

2.D本题考查非谓语动词。fear doing sth.害怕做某事，且此处是“害怕被称作”，所以选D。

3.D本题考查非谓语动词。用y.-ing形式作see的宾语，故选D。

4.B本题考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.能够做某事。故选B。

5.A本题考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.选择做某事。故选A。

6.C本题考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故选C。

7.D本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作后置定语。故选D。

8.B本题考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表目的。故选B。

9.C本题考查非谓语动词。embrace拥抱。空前的介词about后应用动名词形式。故选C。

10.B本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语to have some“me time”once in a while是本句真正的主语，it在本句中充当形式主语。故选B。

三、语法选择（非谓语动词专练）

When you were young, who flew kites with you in the park? Who taught you how    1    football? Who helped you work out your first difficult math problem? Who told you the difference between right and wrong? Your dad. Now it’s your turn   2    something for him. This Sunday, June 18, is Father’s Day. So why not    3    something    4    your dad?

This idea of Father’s Day came from an American lady called Sonora Dodd in 1909. She wanted a special day   5    her father. He raised six children by himself after his wife died during the birth of their sixth child. Sonora thought there needed   6    a day to honour great and loving dads. Her father was born on June 19. So she chose   7     the first Father’s Day celebration on his birthday in 1910. In 1924, the US president Calvin Coolidge liked the idea of a national Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, the third Sunday in June was made Father’s Day.

There are many ways   8     your love and thanks to your father, such as sending him a greeting card. Usually fathers prefer cards that are not too emotional. So maybe you can choose one that will make him laugh happily. A small present, such as a photo of your family, can make him    9    good.   10    him flowers—the red rose is the official Father’s Day flower. If he has an iPad, cover it with words like “I love you, Dad!”

(   )1．A．to play B．play C．played D．playing

(   )2．A．do B．to do C．doing D．done

(   )3.  A．do B．to do C．doing D．done

(   )4.  A．thanked B．thanks C．thankful D．to thank

(   )5．A．honor B．honored C．honoring D．to honor

(   )6.  A．to be B．be C．being D．is

(   )7．A．to hold B．hold C．holding D．held

(   )8．A．show B．to show C．showing D．showed

(   )9．A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt

(   )10．A. send B．sending C．sent D．to send

解析：本文主要讲了父亲节的由来及父亲节时该如何表达自己的爱和感谢。

1．A 句意：谁教你如何踢足球的？to play动词不定式；play动词原形；played动词的过去式或过去分词；playing动词的现在分词或动名词。根据空前“how”，结合选项可知要用“疑问词+动词不定式”作taught的宾语，how to play football如何踢足球。故选A。

2．B 句意：现在轮到你去为他做一些事情。动词不定式to do表目的。故选B。

3．A Why not do sth.意思是为什么不做某事呢，故选A。

4．D 句意：为什么不做一些事去感谢你的父亲？动词不定式to do表目的。故选D。

5．D 句意：她想要一个特别的日子来纪念她的父亲。want to do sth. 想要做某事。故选D。

6．A 句意：索诺拉认为需要有一天来纪念伟大而慈爱的爸爸们。need to do sth. 需要做某事。故选A。

7．A 句意：她选择在1910年他的生日举行第一次父亲节庆祝活动。choose to do sth.选择去做某事。故选A。

8．B 句意：有很多方法可以表达你的爱和感谢你的父亲。动词不定式表目的。故选B。