备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（河北专用）突破06 形容词和副词

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 一、考点总结考点一、形容词的用法1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。It’s a cold and windy day.2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound….)He looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink？4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。How long is the river？ It’s about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightenedThe man is ill.（正）The ill man is my uncle.（误）6.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）My brother is elder. （误）  貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely 8.初中常见的各个类别的形容词：状态类 bad坏的big/large大的 bright明亮的cheap便宜的 clean干净的 comfortable舒服的dark黑暗different不同difficult困难的dirty脏easy容易的healthy健康的expensive昂贵的important重要的full饱的/完全的empty空的 good好的 long长的noisy吵闹的 poor贫穷的quiet安静的 rich富裕的same一样的short短的 hungry饥饿的 sick生病的 small小的soft柔和的 strong强烈的，强壮的 thick厚的 thin瘦的tired疲劳的 weak虚弱的情感情绪类excited激动的afraid害怕的angry生气的bored无聊的favourite最喜欢的happy/glad开心的interested感兴趣的moved感动的nervous紧张的pleased满意的proud自豪的relaxed放松的sad伤心的satisfied满意的worried担忧的sorry抱歉的surprised吃惊的upset沮丧的 人物性格类 active积极的brave勇敢的careful细心的careless粗心的funny滑稽的，有趣的honest诚实的clever聪明的friendly友好的outgoing外向的kind和蔼的lazy懒惰的lively活泼的polite有礼貌的quiet安静的rude粗鲁的serious严肃的shy害羞的strict严格的stupid愚蠢的true真实的外貌特征类beautiful美丽的fat胖的handsome英俊的heavy重的old年老的short矮的strong强壮的weak虚弱的tall高thin瘦的ugly丑陋的bad坏的天气类 cloudy多云的cool凉爽的fine/sunny晴朗的fog多雾的nice美好的rainy有雨的snowy有雪的terrible恶劣的warm暖和的windy有风的 考点二、副词的基本用法副词的句法作用（1）副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.He plays the piano very well .（2）副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.He got up quickly（3）enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后.He is old enough to go to school .副词的位置（1）程度副词和频度副词修饰动词时，一般放在被修饰的动词之前。如果实义动词前有情态动词、助动词或be动词，则放在实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词或be动词之后；修饰形容词、副词时，位于被修饰词之前。They seldom take exercise in the morning..他们很少在早晨锻炼。However, they can hardly blame me；it is largely their own fault.然而，他们不能责备我;这件事主要是他们自己的过错。（2）方式副词一般放在动词后。常见的方式副词有:fast快地   quickly快地    quietly安静地    beautifully美丽地    slowly'慢地   well很好地;令人满意地carefully仔细地    angrily生气地Please could you speak more slowly? 请您说慢一不好?（3）时间副词和地点副词同时出现时，时间副词常置于地点副词之后。 I met Tom here yesterday.   我昨天在这儿遇到了汤姆。（4）enough既可以作限定词又可以作副词；作限定词时，通常置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于其后；作副词时，通常置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。I just don't have enough time/time enough.    我只是时间不够充足。The room is large enough to take another bed.   这个房间够大，还能再放一张床。形近副词的含义英语中,有些副词形式相近,常见的有:late迟;晚           lately最近;近来               hard努力地;艰难地          hardly几乎不near在附近         nearly几乎;差不多            free免费地                 freely自由地;畅通地close紧密地        closely 严密地;接近地         high在高处;高              highly很；非常;高度地wide广阔地;充分地  widely广泛地;普遍地          deep深深地;在深处         deeply深刻地;深沉地I couldn't convince him no matter how hard I tried     不管我怎么努力，都说服不了他The children were so excited that they could hardly speak   孩子们兴奋得几乎连话都说不出来了。常用的连接性副词在句中，常用逗号将连接性副词与句子其他成分隔开。though 一般用于句末,意为“然而,可是”，表示转折。besides意为“除此之外，而且”，表示递进关系。however意为“然而”，表示让步、转折。instead意为“相反”，表示相反的情况。考点三、 形容词，副词的比较级、最高级   规则变化分类情况变化规则例词一般情况直接在词尾加 ­er, ­esttall—taller—tallest; small—smaller—smallest以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接在词尾加 ­r, ­stnice—nicer—nicest; large—larger—largest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词变y为i再加­er ，­estdry—drier—driest; early—earlier—earliest以“元音字母＋辅音字母” 结尾， 且辅音为重读闭音节词双写辅音字母，再加­er，­estthin—thinner—thinnest；big—bigger—biggest大多数多音节和部分双音节词在词前加 more，mostdelicious—more delicious—most delicious 2.不规则变化原       级比 较 级最 高 级good(好的)/well(健康的；好地)betterbestbad/badly(坏的/地)/ill(生病的)worseworstlittle(少的；小的)lessleastmuch/many(多的)moremostfar(远的；到很大程度)fartherfarthestfurtherfurthestold(老的、年纪大的；旧的)olderoldesteldereldest4.形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：（1）讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +….如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) / The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) / I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)☆表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +….如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).(他们摘的苹果和农民一样多)☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) +  as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+….如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他们摘的苹果不如农民多)（2）讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： 主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(这本书花费我的钱不比那本多) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(‘A’) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你认为学外语不那么重要吗？)（3）讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ….如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三个男生中他跳得最高)二、考点突破1．The staff completed the project before the schedule and the manager seemed ________.A．satisfied B．humorous C．surprisedly D．happily2．—Look at the girl in the square!—Oh. I’m surprised that a ________ girl can dance so well!A．three-years-old B．three-year-old C．three years old3．Li Bai was considered one of ________ poets throughout the Chinese history.A．great B．greater C．greatest D．the greatest4．My grandfather enjoys working in the garden by himself and never feels ________.A．lonely B．friendly C．quietly D．unfortunately5．Your idea of camping in the countryside sounds ________.A．beautifully B．softly C．lovely D．politely6．— Jim, you look worried. What happened?— I ________ forgot to do homework. I’m afraid Mr. Lee will get angry with me.A．exactly B．normally C．completely D．wisely7．I ________ watch movies on my mobile phone because it makes me uncomfortable.A．seldom B．often C．usually D．sometimes8．Susan went into her bedroom and ate chocolate ________ , not letting her parents know that.A．slowly B．calmly C．secretly D．properly9．I had worked here ________ you came here. But I shall leave for England ________.A．before long; before long B．before long; long beforeC．long before; before long D．long before; long before10．His father began to work ________ his childhood.A．since B．before C．as early as D．while11．________ speaking, I didn’t do it on purpose.A．Honestly B．Honest C．Honesty D．Dishonest12．—Is French ______ English?—Not really. Perhaps a few words are the same.A．similar as B．same to C．same with D．similar to13．Elder brother: Which is much braver, the sun or the moon, Tom?Younger brother: Of course the moon. Because it isn’t________ the dark.A．harmful to B．afraid of C．sure about D．thirsty for14． Great changes have taken place in Xiangyang. We are all ____________ the achievements.A．known as B．proud of C．similar to D．good with15．Li Hua is ___________about playing basketball. He even plays it when it rains.A．interested B．fond C．afraid D．crazy16．Taobao shop owners are busy ________ clothes for their online customers.A．packB．to packC．packingD．to packing17．Our monitor has just gone to the gym, but I don’t know ________ he will come back.A．how fast B．how far C．how long D．how soon18．—Was he pleased to hear the news?—________ pleased, even excited.A．No more than B．More than C．More D．More or less19．— I am sorry I didn’t do a good job.— Never mind. ________ you have tried your best.A．Above all B．In all C．At all D．After all20．I’m sure ghosts do not exist. ________, I have never seen one.