小学毕业英语总复习（小升初)人教版 语法突破 词法（课件）

这是一份小学毕业英语总复习（小升初)人教版 语法突破 词法（课件），共60页。
动词是表示动作或状态的词。按照其含义及在句中的作用可以分为四类：系动词、助动词、行为动词和情态动词。一、系动词1. 概念表示主语的身份、类别、特征、状态等，即表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词。它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成谓语。
2.系动词be的用法系动词be有三种形式：am、is、are。作谓语时，要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。【口诀】
我用am，你用are；单数is，复数are。
在否定句中，is nt可缩写为isn’t，are nt可缩写为aren’t，但am
二、助动词1. 概念协助主要动词构成疑问句和否定句的词。2. 助动词的用法①d和des(第三人称单数)用于一般现在时，did用于一般过去时。②否定形式：d nt = dn’t；des nt = desn’t；did nt = didn’t③助动词后，动词要用原形。
三、行为动词(实义动词)1. 概念表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。2. 行为动词的用法行为动词在句中有人称、时态和数的变化。
四、情态动词1. 概念表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能” “可以” “需要” “必须” “应当”等意思。2. 情态动词的用法情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词后，动词要用原形。常用的情态动词有can, culd, may, will, wuld, shuld, must, need等。
① culd和wuld多用于表示请求的疑问句中，表示委婉语气。
② 否定形式：can’t; may nt; mustn’t; shuldn’t等。mustn’t意为“禁止，
一、单项选择( )1. ____ yu like sme bread?A. MustB. WuldC. Culd( )2. Ben ____ play ftball with his friends last night, because he had much hmewrk t d.A. didn’tB. desn’tC. wasn’t( )3. I ____ a naughty by when I ____ five years ld.A. was; wasB. did; dC. was; were
( )4. — What ________ yu d last week?— I ____ my grandparents with my sister.A. did; visitB. did; visitedC. d; visited( )5. My elder brther ____ a teacher and he ____ his pupils very much.A. is; likeB. is; likesC. like; is( )6. — Culd yu get sme milk fr us?— ____.A. Yes, I culdB. Yes, I canC. N, I culdn’t( )7. Last weekend, I ____ a big meal in my uncle’s hme.A. haveB. hadC. has
( )8. I will ____ a birthday cake fr my little brther.A. buyingB. buyC. buys( )9. — Hw ____ yur winter vacatin? — It ____ fine.A. are; isB. were; wasC. was; was( )10. Michael ____ be a pliceman, fr he’s much t shrt.A. needn’tB. can’tC. mustn’t
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1. —What ______ (d) he ften d after schl?—He ften __________ (play) basketball with his friends n the playgrund.2. — ______ (be) yu a fisherman? Yu ______ (lk) s strng.— N, I ______ (be) nt. I ______ (be) a pliceman.3. — ______ (d) yur parents ften ______ (d) sprts?— N, they _____ (d nt). They ____ (be) very busy. They have t ______ (wrk).
4. — ______ (d) Miss White teach yu music?— N, she ________ (d nt). She ________ (teach) us English.5. — What ______ (be) yur father like?— He ______ (be) tall and strng.6. — _____________ (can) yu please pass me that pen?— Yes, sure.7. — ______ (be) there any water in the bttle?— N, there ______ (be nt).
8. — Can yu ______ (play) basketball?— Yes, I ______ (culd).9. — What ______ (d) yur mther like?— She ______ (like) singing and playing the vilin.10. — ______ (be) this Jack’s bk? — N. It ________ (can) be his bk.
名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。按意义分类，可分为专有名词和普通名词。按是否可以用数目进行计算，可分为可数名词和不可数名词。一、专有名词和普通名词1.专有名词表示具体的人、事物、地点、团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。如：Beijing(北京)、China(中国)、the Peple’s Republic f China(中华人民共和国)。
2.普通名词表示某些人、某类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征，可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。①个体名词：表示单个的人或事物。如student(学生)，bk(书)，panda(熊猫)等。②集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如peple(人们)，family(家庭)，plice(警察) 等。③物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。如water(水)，air(空气)，wd(木头)等。④抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如peace (和平)，lve (爱)，happiness (幸福)等。
二、可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。
2.不可数名词不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式。抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。①不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用a或an来修饰，但可用the、sme等修饰。如：There is sme water in the glass. 玻璃杯里有一些水。②不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词(有复数形式)来表达。其结构为：数词 + 量词(数词≥2时，量词要用复数形式)+ f + 名词如：a cup f tea (一杯茶); tw cups f tea (两杯茶)a bx f apples (一箱苹果); fur bxes f apples (四箱苹果)
三、名词所有格1.概念名词所有格是表示名词的所属关系的一种形式。常见的名词所有格有两种形式：一种是在名词后加-’s，使之兼具形容词与名词的功能；另一种是“名词A + f + 名词B”的形式，表示“B的A”。
2.表示有生命物体的名词所有格
3.表示无生命物体的名词所有格
一、写出下列名词的复数形式1. watch ____________2. class ____________3. shelf _____________4. dg _____________5. dish _____________6. child ____________7. nurse ____________8. Chinese __________9. by _____________10. baby ____________11. tth ___________12. fish _____________13. tmat _________14. pht ___________
15. sheep __________16. library _________17. x _____________18. ptat __________19. muse __________20. dress ___________21. peach __________22. man ____________23. fx ____________24. ft _____________
二、单项选择( )1. There is sme ____ n the plate.A. fishB. fishesC. a fish( )2. The ____ has sme nice pictures.A. bysB. teachersC. child
( )3. The ____ are dancing at the party.A. wmanB. wmenC. man( )4. — ____ jacket is it? — Maybe it is ____.A. Wh’s; TmsB. What; Tm’sC. Whse; Tm’s
( )5. — May I help yu? — Yes. We want ____.A. tw cups f rangesB. tw cup f rangeC. tw cups f range ( )6. It’s abut ____ walk frm my hme t schl.A. ten minutes’B. ten minute’sC. ten minutes
( )7. All the ____ teachers and ____ students are having a meeting there.A. wmen; girlsB. wmen; girlC. wman; girl( )8. — Lk! What are they? — They’re ____.A. Mr Li’s sheepsB. Mr Li’s sheepC. the sheeps f Mr Li
( )9. I can see ten ____ in the pht.A. gseB. heresC. child( )10. The big rm is ____.A. Lily’s and Amy’s B. Lily’s and AmyC. Lily and Amy’s
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空1. Tw ________ (family) live in this building.2. Lk at thse __________ (child) playing n the playgrund.3. I can see many __________ (pliceman) standing near the dr.4. There are sme __________ (glass) n the table.5. Wuld yu like sme __________ (bread)?6. I like __________ (sheep).
7. This is my __________ (parent) rm, and that is my brther __________ (Jhn).8. Peple like taking __________ (pht) when travelling (旅行).9. I like autumn best because I can see a lt f ________ (leaf) everywhere. It’s beautiful.10. Unluckily, I lst a _______ (set) f ________ (key) (一串钥匙).
一、形容词1. 定义用来描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性。2. 形容词的基础用法①修饰名词，多置于名词前如：Cathy lives in a beautiful village. 凯茜住在一个漂亮的村庄里。②用在be动词后如：Cathy is beautiful. 凯茜很漂亮。③用在感官动词后：feel(感觉); lk(看起来); smell(闻起来); taste(尝起来); sund(听起来)如：The flwers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
3. 形容词的排列顺序描绘形容词→大小(长短/高低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新旧)形容词→颜色形容词→国籍形容词→材料形容词→用途(类别)形容词→名词如：Cathy has beautiful lng straight black hair. 凯茜拥有一头漂亮的黑色长直发。
二、副词1. 定义用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示行为或状态特征，即表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。2. 副词的基础用法①修饰动词，多置于动词后如：Mike runs quickly. 迈克跑得很快。②修饰形容词，多置于形容词前如：It’s really nice f yu. 你真的很善良。③修饰全句，既可置于句首，也可置于句末。如：Luckily, I passed the test. 幸运的是，我通过了考试。I live in this city happily. 我快乐地生活在这个城市里。
三、比较级和最高级的构成1. 规则变化
四、比较级和最高级的用法1.原级比较①和……一样：as + 形容词/副词原级 + as如：Chen Jie is as tall as Zhang Peng. 陈杰和张鹏一样高。②和……不一样：nt as/s + 形容词/副词原级 + as如：Chen Jie isn’t as tall as Zhang Peng. 陈杰和张鹏不一样高。2.比较级A比B更……：A + 谓语 + 比较级 + than + B.如：Amy is taller than Cathy. 埃米比凯茜更高。3.最高级A是最……的：A + 谓语 + the +最高级如：Amy is the tallest in her class. 埃米是她班上最高的。
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级和最高级1. strng ________________2. ld ___________________________3. big __________________4. heavy _________________________5. small ________________6. cheap __________________________7. gd ________________8. yung __________________________9. shrt ________________10. thin ___________________________11. ht ________________12. friendly ________________________
strnger; strngest
lder/elder; ldest/eldest
bigger; biggest
heavier; heaviest
smaller; smallest
cheaper; cheapest
better; best
yunger; yungest
shrter; shrtest
thinner; thinnest
htter; httest
mre friendly; mst friendly
13. bad ______________________________14. little _____________________________15. wide _____________________________ 16.many______________________________17. far _______________________________18. wet _______________________________19. difficult ___________________________20. easy ______________________________21. clever ____________________________
less; least
wider; widest
farther/further; farthest/furthest
wetter; wettest
mre difficult; mst difficult
easier; easiest
cleverer; cleverest
二、单项选择( )1. Let’s enjy the sng Yesterday Once Mre. It sunds ____.A. wellB. badC. nice( )2. I think I knw her. She has ____ hair.A. shrt blnde curlyB. shrt curly blndeC. blnde shrt curly
( )3. This sweater lks ____ and sells ____.A. well; wellB. gd; niceC. nice; well( )4. There was a fire yesterday, hwever, ____, all the peple were saved.A. luckB. luckilyC. lucky
( )5. What ____ wind! It’s blwing ____.A. a strng; strnglyB. strngly; strnglyC. a strng; strng ( )6. The teacher asked and Tny answered ____.A. quicklyB. quickerC. quick
( )7. The bk that I am ____ in is very ____.A. interested; interestingB. interesting; interestedC. interested; interested( )8. Travelling by train is ____ exciting than a rushed trip by air.A. muchB. many C. much mre
( )9. I have a lvely rm. It’s the ____ in the htel.A. niceB. nicerC. nicest( )10. He wrks ____ every day, and ____ watches TV.A. hard; hardB. hardly; hardC. hard; hardly
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空1. Tina is _______. Lucy is __________ than Tina. (thin)2. I think a ____ headache is a __________ thing. (bad)3. — Is he heavy? — N, he is a little bit __________(lighter). 4. Tday is Tm’s birthday. He feels __________(happy). 5. The air in Beijing is getting much __________(clean) nw than a few years ag.
6. Yingtian is nt as _____ (tall) as Yngxian. 7. He is __________ at learning maths. He is much __________ at Chinese and he is the __________ at English. (gd)8. Yu can’t run s __________(quick) as the by. 9. The mncakes will taste __________ (well) with sme nuts. 10. She speaks English quite ________, but she desn’t speak as ________ as Mary. (gd)
一、人称代词1. 概念人称代词是表示“我” “你” “他” “她” “它” “我们” “你们” “他们”的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。
2. 用法(1)人称代词分为主格和宾格
主格：充当主语，多放在谓语动词前。
宾格：充当宾语，多放在谓语动词后或介词后。
如：①Tny plays basketball with her.②Tny has a dg. He likes it very much.
(2)两个或两个以上的人称代词用在同一个句子中时的排列顺序。①人称代词为单数时，通常按“二”“三”“一”的人称排列。如：Yu, he and I are gd friends. 你、他和我都是好朋友。②人称代词为复数时，通常按“一”“二”“三”的人称排列。如：We, yu and they are at hme. 我们、你们和他们都在家。
二、物主代词1. 概念表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。
2. 用法物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词：意为“某人的”，相当于形容词的作用，后面必须接名词。 名词性物主代词：意为“某人的某物”，相当于名词的作用，后面不再接名词。如：—Is this yur bk? —N, it’s nt mine . I think it’s his .
形容词性物主代词：意为“某人的”
名词性物主代词：意为“我的书”
名词性物主代词：意为“他的书”
三、反身代词1. 概念表示“某人自己”的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一人称和第二人称是由形容词性物主代词加“-self ”(复数加-selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加“-self ”(复数加-selves)构成。
2. 用法反身代词作句中宾语时，表示动作返回到主语本身。即主语和宾语是同一个人或物。如：I can lk after myself well. 我能照顾好自己。She teaches herself English. 她自学英语。
四、指示代词1. 概念表示这个、那个、这些、那些等词叫做指示代词。
2. 用法指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：This is my little sister. 这是我的妹妹。 / That is ur classrm. 那是我们的教室。These bks are new. 这些书都是新的。 / Thse pandas are cute. 那些熊猫很可爱。
五、不定代词1. 概念没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词。常用不定代词：sme, any, many, much, bth, all, every, each, smething, anything等。
2. 用法(1)sme和any①sme：意为“一些”。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。多置于肯定句及委婉语气的疑问句中。如：There are sme bks n the desk. 书桌上有一些书。Wuld yu like sme bread fr breakfast? 你想要一些面包作为早餐吗？②any：意为“一些”(置于否定句或疑问句)或“任何”(置于肯定句)。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。如：Is there any chicken in the fridge? 冰箱里有一些鸡肉吗？Anyne can ask me any questin. 任何人都可以问我任何问题。
(2)many和much①many：意为“许多”。修饰可数名词复数。如：Many students are playing basketball n the playgrund. 许多学生正在操场上打篮球。②much：意为“许多”。修饰不可数名词。如：I ate much junk fd last night. 我昨晚吃了很多垃圾食品。
六、疑问代词概念疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句，其位于谓语动词之前。
一、单项选择( )1. — Are ____ sheep yurs? — Yes, they are.A. thatB. theseC. this( )2. Please give this bx f chclate t ____.A. heB. himC. his( )3. ____ sister asks ____ t g t schl with ____.A. My; I; sheB. My; me; herC. I; my; she
( )4. ____ are in the same class.A. I and sheB. She and IC. She and me( )5. — Are there ____ fish in this river? — Yes, there are.A. anyB. muchC. sme( )6. Cathy is a smart student. She usually learns English by ____.A. sheB. herC. herself( )7. — ____ students are there in yur class? — Frty-five.HwB. Hw muchC. Hw many
( )8. — ____ is China’s Natinal Day? — It’s n Octber 1st.A. WhereB. WhenC. Why( )9. — Are thse yur friends? — ____.A. Yes, thse areB. Yes, these areC. Yes, they are( )10. I had a stmachache, because I drank ____ cla.A. t muchB. t manyC. much t
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1. These are ________ (he) brthers.2. ________ (that) children are ____ (I) father’s students.3. — Is this red cat yurs? — N, ________ (me) is yellw.4. — Jack, wuld yu like ________ (sme) beef fr dinner? — Yes, I wuld like t.5. — ________ (Wh) bk is it? — It must be Tm’s. ________ (he) name is n the cver.
6. We have a big library. And there are ________ (much) bks in ____ (itself).7. — I am ging t visit the Great Wall next week. — Enjy ________ (yu).8. Bb hurt ________. _____ parents tk ________ t the hspital. (he)9. ________ (these) is Jhn speaking. ________ (wh) is that speaking?10. Miss Xu teaches ________ (we) English.
冠词是用在名词前面，说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)以及零冠词三类。一、不定冠词a, an1. 不定冠词a和an的区别用法不定冠词an用于元音(a, e, i, , u)音素开头的单词前；不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。如：an apple; an elephant; an idea; an range; an umbrellaa bk; a classrm; a desk; a garden; a schl
2. 不定冠词的基础用法
一、用冠词a、an或the填空，不需要冠词的地方填“/”1. ____ wet umbrella2. ____ American3. ____ clever dg 4. ____ West Lake5. ____ art lessn6. ____ science7. ____ fine day8. ____ ld9. in ____ afternn10. ____ Guangdng11. ____ sun12. ____ lt f13. ____ secnd birthday14. ____ biggest rm15. play ____ chess
二、用冠词a、an或the填空，不需要冠词的地方填“/”1. This is ________ ld map. It is ___ useful map.2. We have n classes in ________ afternn n _____ Saturday.3. Beijing is ____ capital f ____ China. It’s _____ beautiful city.4. Rme (罗马) was nt built in _____ day.5. Which is _______ biggest, _____ sun, _______ mn, r ____ earth?
6. After ________ breakfast, he went t _______ schl n ________ ft.7. He likes playing _____ ftball. His sister likes playing ____ pian.8. — Which picture is mre beautiful?— _________ ne n _________ left, I think.9. There is _________ interesting pht n _________ wall.10. _________ Yellw River lies in _________ nrth f China.
一、单项选择( )1. ____ the afternn f May 1st, we visited the ld man.A. OnB. InC. At( )2. ____ my father’s help, I have finished my cmpsitin.A. UnderB. OnC. With( )3. We can’t live ____ air.A. frB. withC. withut
( )4. The child is afraid ____ the strange sund.A. inB. withC. f( )5. Reading ____ the sun isn’t gd ____ yur eyes.A. f; frB. in; frC. in; t( )6. There is a small river ____ the tw twns.A. abveB. frC. between( )7. What d yu think ____ the play?A. fB. abutC. n
( )8. Are yu ging t the z ____ bus r ____ yur car?A. n; byB. by; inC. n; in( )9. She sent her friend a pstcard ____ a birthday present.A. nB. asC. fr( )10. The wman ____ a blue dress is my teacher.A. frB. inC. with
二、用适当的介词填空1. Lk at this picture! Nancy is standing ________ her sister and brther.2. My little brther always has a lt ________ questins.3. We shuld eat mre vegetables and fruit because they are gd ____ ur health.4. G ________ the street, turn right at the first crssing.5. Let’s hurry up. We’re late ________ class.
6. Can yu read the number ______ ne ________ ten?7. Here is a letter ______ Fang Ming. Let me read it t yu.8. What d yu have ______ Wednesdays?9. The girl _____ pink is Cathy’s little sister.10. This is a pht ______ my family.
一、数词的分类及构成数词是表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词分为基数词和序数词。
【基数词变序数词口诀】
一二三，特殊记；8加h，9去e；遇ve，改为f；遇整十，y变ie。
二、数词的用法1. 日期的表达(1)月日年：September 19th, 2022(2)日月年：19th September, 20222. 时刻的表达(1)半点的表示法：“钟点数+ thirty”(正读法) 或 “half past +钟点数”(逆读法)如：6:30 → six thirty 或 half past six
(2)几点几分的表示法：①正读法：钟点数 + 分钟数如：6:20 → six twenty7:40 → seven frty②逆读法：“分钟数+past+钟点数”(分钟数30)如：6:20 → twenty past six7:40 → twenty t eight
3. 编号的表达the + 序数词 + 名词 = 名词(首字母大写)+ 基数词(首字母大写)如：the third class = Class Three 3班
一、写出下列单词的序数词1. ne ____________2. tw _________________3. three ___________4. five _________________5. eight ___________6. nine _________________7. twelve _________8. thirteen ______________9. twenty _________10. twenty-ne ___________11. frty __________12. thirty-three __________
twenty-first
thirty-third
二、单项选择( )1. There are ____ mnths in a year. December is the ____ mnth f the year.A. twelve; twelveB. twelve; twelfthC. twelfth; twelve( )2. — What’s the date tday? — It’s ____.A. May 1stB. six ’clckC. Children’s Day
( )3. Cathy lives in ____.A. Rm 404B. 404 rmC. 404 Rm( )4. This is her ____ birthday.A. twentyB. twentiesC. twentieth
( )5. My hme is abut ____ meters away frm the schl.A. three hundredB. three hundredsC. three hundred f( )6. — What time is it nw? — It’s ____.A. frty t sixB. fifty past sevenC. tw t tw
( )7. Jhn is in ____.A. class ne, grade sixB. Grade One, Class SixC. Class One, Grade Six( )8. There are ____ children in the village schl.A. tw thusand five hundred and sixtyB. tw thusands five hundred and sixtyC. tw thusands five hundreds and sixty
( )9. Mnday is the secnd day in a week, and ____.A. Tuesday is the furthB. Thursday is the fifthC. the secnd day is Tuesday( )10. “The year 1999” shuld be read (应该读作) “The year ____”.A. nineteen and ninety-nineB. nineteen ninety-nineC. nineteenth and ninety-ninth
一、连词的概念连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
二、连词的分类主要分为四类：并列连词、转折连词、选择连词和因果连词。
用适当的连词填空1. David likes ice cream, __________ it’s cld and sweet.2. We are brther __________ sister.3. D yu have watermeln juice __________ strawberry juice?4. He desn’t have tw hands __________ he can write.5. The panda is black __________ white.