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2022-2023学年北京市西城区北京第八中学高一上学期期末英语试题 （解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市西城区北京第八中学高一上学期期末英语试题 （解析版），共23页。
2022—2023学年度第一学期期末练习题
年级：高一 科目：英语
本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟
一、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
On a foggy Sunday morning, Amrisha Vaish was sleeping soundly at home in Arlington, Virginia. The sound that woke him at 7:15 was so loud that he assumed it came from inside his house. As he got up to ___1___ carefully, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree ___2___ in smoke about 500 yards away. A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.
Seeing that, he immediately grabbed buckets of water and ran to the crash site. Up close, the ___3___ looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the driver’s seat ought to have been, as if ___4___ there. He thought that no one could have survived this crash, and yet there was 15-year-old Quintin Thompson, still ___5___ with his terrified face pressed against the driver’s side window, in visible pain. Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success. When the ___6___ got into the front seats, he realized he had to get the boy out of there as soon as possible.
Instantly, Vaish tried to open the back door, but he failed. He picked up a stone beside the tree and hit the back door. This time, it ___7___. The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in. Thompson was struggling to get free when Vaish noticed how ___8___ his legs were. Using a pocketknife, Vaish sawed through Thompson’s seat belt. Now that Thompson was free of restraints (束缚), Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety before the car was ___9___ surrounded by flames. Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely. Soon, the doctors arrived and Vaish felt ____10____.
1. A. analyse B. view C. examine D. question
2. A. enveloped B. choked C. marked D. rescued
3. A. wound B. damage C. engine D. smoke
4. A. drawn B. guarded C. sent D. planted
5. A. calm B. curious C. conscious D. confident
6. A. water B. driver C. passengers D. flames
7. A. responded B. changed C. worked D. failed
8. A. dirty B. bad C. unique D. normal
9. A. slowly B. entirely C. simply D. deadly
10. A. relieved B. touched C. recognized D. satisfied
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Amrisha Vaish在一起汽车事故中，勇于灭火救人的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他站起来仔细检查的时候，他听到了另一个声音，这个声音肯定是从外面传来的。A. analyse分析；B. view观看；C. examine检查；D. question询问。根据后文“he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside”可知，这是Vaish仔细检查得到的结果。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从卧室的窗户向外望去，他注意到500码外有一棵树被烟雾笼罩着。A. enveloped包裹，包住；B. choked（使）噎住；C. marked标记；D. rescued营救。根据后文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，一辆汽车着火了，一棵树被烟雾包裹笼罩着，合乎逻辑。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：近距离看，损坏看起来更严重。A. wound创伤，伤口；B. damage损害，损毁；C. engine引擎；D. smoke烟。根据前文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，是一辆汽车出了事故，所以应指汽车损坏很严重。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车几乎被劈成了两半，那棵树就在驾驶员座位应该在的地方，仿佛是栽在那儿似的。A. drawn被画；B. guarded被保卫；C. sent被发送；D. planted被种植。根据前文“the tree was where the driver’s seat ought to have been”可知，树在驾驶员的位置好像长在汽车的里面，所以说就好像栽在那儿似的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为没有人能在这场车祸中幸存下来，然而15岁的Quintin Thompson仍然清醒，惊恐的脸贴在司机侧的车窗上，痛苦可见。A. calm镇静的；B. curious好奇的；C. conscious意识到的，神志清醒的；D. confident有信心的。根据前文“He thought that no one could have survived this crash”以及后面yet转折的语义可知，Thompson还活着，神志清醒。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当火焰蔓延到前排座位时，他意识到他必须尽快把孩子救出来。A. water水；B. driver司机；C. passengers乘客；D. flames火焰。根据前文“Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success.”可知，火没有扑灭，所以这里指“火焰”蔓延。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次，它起作用了。A. responded回应；B. changed变化；C. worked工作，有效，起作用；D. failed失败。根据后文“The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in.”可知，这次成功了，所以是这次起作用了。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thompson正挣扎着想要挣脱，这时Vaish注意到他的腿有多糟糕。A. dirty肮脏的；B. bad坏的，糟糕的，严重的；C. unique独特的；D. normal正常的。根据后文“Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely.”等信息可知，Thompson的腿伤得很严重。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，Thompson已经摆脱了束缚，Vaish把他从车窗里拉了出来，然后在车完全被火焰包围之前把他拖到了安全的地方。A. slowly慢慢地；B. entirely完全地；C. simply简单的；D. deadly致命的。根据前文“Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety ”可知，Vaish灭火未成功，汽车一直还在燃烧，所以，Vaish要在汽车完全被火焰包围之前，把Thompson拖到安全的地方。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，医生们赶到了，Vaish感到如释重负。A. relieved宽心的，宽慰的；B. touched感动的；C. recognized公认的；D. satisfied满意的。根据前文“ the doctors arrived”可知，Thompson伤势严重，医生赶到了，能尽快的处理Thompson的伤，所以Vaish感到宽慰，如释重负。故选A项。
二、语法(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)
第一节 单项填空(共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
11. （2016·北京）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if
C. even though D. in case
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是让步关系，故选C。
【点睛】
1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
例如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.
Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains.
She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.
2. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。
例如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
3. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。
例如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different.
4. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though等。
例如：Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?
5. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。
例如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.
6. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。
例如：She was now happier than she had ever been.
【详解】请在此输入详解！
【点睛】请在此输入点睛！
12. Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if
C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子以便它们吃起来变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。分析句子结构可知，此处应该选择连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，从句为目的状语从句，所以用so that引导。故选D项。
13. 【2018·江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A. Once B. Unless
C. If D. When
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你能睡好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划的能力和保持积极性。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。
点睛：本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系语境进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
14. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1. 确定从句：从空格到句末。2. 确定关系词：先行词为writer，与从句中的主语story是所属关系，用whose。句意：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。故选C。
15. We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A. unless B. once C. whether D. because
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。
16. ______________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：每当我得做演讲时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Whenever每当，无论何时；C. Whoever无论谁；D. However不管怎样。引导时间状语从句，表示“每当”应用whenever。故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共9小题;每小题1分，共9分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____17____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____18____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____19____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____20____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (准时) ____21____(value) highly in American life. For example,____22____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____23____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A., no one would think of keeping a business partner ____24____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____25____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
【答案】17. before
18. be considered
19. are made
20. Thus 21. is valued
22. if 23. or
24. waiting
25. who##that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了时间的意义在世界不同的地方是不同的。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：在美国，如果客人在宴会日期的三、四天前才收到邀请，他们往往会觉得自己不受重视。根据语境可知，此处指在宴会日之前收到邀请，应用介词before“在……之前”。故填before。
【18题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：在世界上的其他地方，提前太久约会可能被认为是愚蠢的，因为一个多星期后的约会计划往往会被忘记。主语it和consider是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词may后用be done形式。故填be considered。
【19题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：在世界其他地区，可能太早和别人订好约会时间会被看成很愚蠢的事情，因为为一个多星期后的约会制定的计划往往会被忘记。此处是定语从句，that作主语，与make是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代先行词plans，是复数含义，be动词使用are。故填are made。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，来自时间观念不同文化背景的人们之间会产生误解。根据前一句“The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.”可知，前后是因果关系，逗号前用thus“因此”。故填Thus。
【21题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：在美国人生活中非常重视守时。主语Promptness和value是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是抽象名词，be动词使用is。故填 is valued。
【22题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，此处表示一种假设，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
【23题详解】
考查连词。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，前后表示选择，不准时被认为不礼貌或不完全负责任，应用连词or“或者”。故填or。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，没有人会想到让生意伙伴等一个小时，因为这太不礼貌了。固定搭配keep sb. doing sth“让某人一直做某事”。故填waiting。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一个迟到五分钟的人会说几个词解释，虽然他可能不会说完这个句子。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是person，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
三、阅读理解(共18小题;每小题2分，共36分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “M Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
26. The author tidied up the room most probably because________.
A. she was scared by Kate’s anger B. she hated herself for being so messy
C. she wanted to show her care D. she was asked by Kate to do so
27. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By analyzing causes. B. By showing differences.
C. By describing a process. D. By following time order.
28. What might be the best title for the story?
A. My Friend Kate B. Hard Work Pays Off
C. How to Be Organized D. Learning to Be Roommates
【答案】26. C 27. B 28. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和室友生活习惯不同从而产生矛盾，最后通过一件事作者明白了与室友共同生活的关键：让步、清理、坚持。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.(突然，一种温暖的同情之情在我心中升起。)”可知，在看到Kate接电话后的状态后，一种温暖的同情在作者的心中升起，于是她收拾起东西，由此推断作者将东西收拾整齐应是为了表达对Kate的关爱之情。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.(我从来不讲究整洁，而我的室友凯特却非常有条理。她的每一件东西都有自己的位置，但我的总是藏在某个地方。她甚至给每样东西都贴上了标签。我一直在寻找一切。随着时间的推移，凯特变得越来越整洁，而我变得越来越混乱。她会把我脏衣服推倒，我则会把我的书放在她整洁的桌子上。我们都厌倦了对方。)”可知，作者在第一段描述了与室友Kate在日常生活习惯上的种种差异，在论述过程中使用了“while”，“but”，“and”等连词表达对比转折关系，因此可推知，作者在第一段使用了“比较不同”的方法而展开论述的。故选B项。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.(这一年剩下的时间里，Kate和我一直是室友。我们并不总是意见一致，但我们学会了共同生活的关键：让步、清理、坚持。)”可知，文章主要围绕如何与室友相处而展开的。选项D项Learning to Be Roommates(学会成为室友)揭示了文章主旨要义。故选D项。
B
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I had my own misunderstandings of getting rich till I read this book. The book made a huge difference to my life after I discovered the secrets mentioned. Read it and it teaches you how to become rich, not immediately, but step by step.
The Power of Habit, by Charles Duhigg
I never knew habits played such an important role in shaping our future until I read this book. It says, you are what your habits are, and also suggests the proven techniques to create new habits that change our lifestyles and eventually our livers. It is must-read for everyone who wishes to form lifetime habits.
The Road Less Travelled, by Scott Peck
Simply put, buy this book for the path towards understanding in a spiritual way that strengthens your personal growth. This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of life; it simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.
29. Which book can help you chase your dream passionately?
A. Dao De Jing. B. The Go-Giver.
C. The Road Less Travelled. D. The Science of Getting Rich.
30. Which of the following ideas may Scott Peck agree with?
A. Habits can shape our future.
B. There is always truth in the opposite.
C. Difficulty is often part of personal growth.
D We should find easy solutions to challenges.
31. What can we know about the books mentioned above?
A. They are all easily written. B. They are all popular books.
C. All their writers are foreigners. D. All the books are about life goals.
【答案】29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一些成千上万的读者推荐的非常受欢迎的书籍。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中Dao De Jing, by Lao Zi中的“Dao De Jing is one of the finest books on philosophy written by Lao Zi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and poet. It is sincere, exciting and makes you think a lot. Read it and get in touch with the clear educative understandings that give you enough tips to pursue your life goal full of passion.（《道德经》是中国古代哲学家、诗人老子所著的最优秀的哲学著作之一。它是真诚的，令人兴奋的，让你思考很多。读一读，你就会明白其中清晰的教育理念，它会给你足够的建议，让你充满激情地追求自己的人生目标。）”可知，《道德经》能帮助你激情地追逐梦想。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of life. It simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.（这本书不会给你简单的解决生活中的挑战的方法。它只是生活的一部分，让你更好地理解，过上充实的生活。）”可知，Scott Peck会同意C项“困难只是个人成长的一部分。”故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The following list includes some books that come highly recommended by millions of readers and also a short summary of the highlights of each work.（下面的清单包括了数百万读者强烈推荐的几本书，以及每本书的亮点的简短总结。）”可知，这些书有那么多的读者推荐，所以很受欢迎，故选B。
C
Sarah came running in. “Look what I found.” Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump. It was a snake skin that had been shed by one of our many garden snakes.
“Isn’t it beautiful?” said my wide-eyed seven-year-old.
I stared at the organic wrapper and thought to myself that it really wasn’t that beautiful, but I have learned never to appear uninterested with children. They see only good quality and excellence in the world until educated otherwise.
“Why does it do this?” Sarah asked.
“Snakes shed their skin because they need to renew themselves,” I explained. “Why do they need to renew themselves?” Sarah asked.
I suddenly remembered an article on this page many years ago where the writer was expressing her concept of renewal. She used layers of paper over a wall to describe how we hide our original selves, and said that by peeling away those layers one by one, we see the original beneath. “We often need to shed our skins and those coatings that we cover ourselves with,” I said to my now absorbed daughter. “We outgrow some things and find other ones unwanted or unnecessary. This snake no longer needs this skin. It is probably too crinkly（起皱的）for him, and he probably doesn’t think he looks as smart in it as he once did.”
Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand, although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; that we need to take a good look at ourselves, our rooms, schoolwork and creativity, and see what we need to keep and what we need to cast off. I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.
“I see, Dad,” said Sarah and jumped off my lap and ran off.
I hoped she would remember this. That often, in order to find our real selves underneath the layers of community and culture with which we cover ourselves year after year, we need to start examining these layers. We need to gently peel some away, as we recognize them to be worthless or unnecessary; or at best, store the ones thrown away as mementoes（念想）of our promotion to a better vitality or spirit.
32. At the first sight of the snake skin, the author was .
A. scared B. puzzled
C. uninterested D. excited
33. Sarah learned from her father that renewal is .
A. to recover the layers inside
B. to review what has been done
C. a natural part of getting mature
D. the process of finding the unwanted
34. It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________.
A. dislikes the snake skin at all
B. shows concern for nature and culture
C. can grasp the chance to educate children
D. often encourages his daughter to raise questions
35. The author mainly tells the reader that ________.
A. snakes cast off the layers to look smarter
B. we should renew ourselves to get improved
C. snakes shed their skins to renew themselves
D. we should explore our original nature underneath
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了作者的女儿问作者关于蛇为什么会脱皮的问题，作者借机又给女儿进行了一次教育。蛇要脱皮是在成长，人要进步也须不断反省自己，只有会发现自己的缺点才能不断进步。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第一段Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump.一句可知，作者看到这个长长的，硬而易碎的东西的时候吓得都跳起来了，scared受惊吓的；puzzled困惑的；uninterested不感兴趣的；excited激动的。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand， although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; 及I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.可知Sarah开始慢慢理解蛇蜕皮也是一种进步，并且作者继续指出这是他们成长的很自然的一种结果。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。本文作者的女儿问作者关于蛇为什么会脱皮的问题，作者抓住这个机会给女儿进行了一次教育。因此可推知，作者很善于抓住生活中的小事对孩子进行教育。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。作者在文中针对蛇为什么会脱皮这一问题，把蛇的脱皮和人的进步作了类比。借机给女儿进行了一次教育。也是在向我们大家讲述这一道理：人要进步也须不断反省自己，这样才会发现自己的缺点并不断进步。故选B
D
Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(冲动的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.
Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as “novelty seeking”, characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”, marked by pessimism and shyness; “reward dependence”, with an addictive personality; and “persistence”, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.
The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.
The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child’s behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.
There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.
People who have a reward-dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.
“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach,” said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.
If you know it’s not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition (体质) could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.
36. Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?
A. “Novelty seeking”. B. “Persistence”.
C. “Harm avoidance”. D. “Reward dependence”.
37. Which of the following is true about shy people?
A. They structurally have a smaller brain region.
B. They can naturally put themselves forward.
C. They are too timid to be educated and helped.
D. They are often shouted at and scolded.
38. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. People have chances to change their personality types.
B. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.
C. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.
D. Scientists have identified four different personality types.
39. The author writes the passage to________.
A. argue a claim B. present a fact
C. support a research D. introduce an approach
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as ‘novelty seeking’, characterized by impulsive actions; ‘harm avoidance’, marked by pessimism and shyness; ‘reward dependence’, with an addictive personality; and ‘persistence’, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.(85人的大脑结构差异已被测量，并与四种主要的性格类型相联系，这四种类型被归类为‘求新’，以冲动行为为特征；‘避免伤害’，以悲观和害羞为特征；‘奖赏依赖’，具有成瘾性；和‘坚持’，他们倾向于勤奋、努力和完美主义者。)”可知，“奖赏依赖”，具有成瘾性，所以更可能成为吸毒者。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.(例如，被定义为求新性格的人的大脑区域结构更大，而具有避免伤害性格的人大脑区域的组织体积明显更小。)”可知，害羞的人应该是有避免伤害性格的人，所以他们大脑区域会小一些。故选A项。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(冲动的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.(性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关，这可以解释为什么一个孩子长大后变得冲动外向，而另一个孩子变得勤奋内省。)”以及后文可知，本文主要讲性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关。故选C项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. (研究人员表示，大脑的差异是结构性的，可以通过大脑中特定区域的大小来衡量，这些区域似乎与四种性格类型中的每一种都有联系。)”以及前后文可知，文章主要是在客观陈述有一个关于大脑差异和性格的关系研究结果，即陈述一个事实。故选B项。
E
Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.
In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.
However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.
40. The passage mainly talks about________.
A. the world's food problem
B. the development in biotech
C. the genetically modified foods
D. the way to solve food shortages
41. According to the passage, GM foods________.
A. will replace naturally grown foods
B. are far better than naturally grown foods
C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition
D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries
42. The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.
A. GM foods are available everywhere
B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced
C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers
D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets
43. What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?
A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious.
C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.
【答案】40. C 41. C 42. D 43. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了转基因食物，转基因食物的形成及可能带来的问题。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段第一句Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods) 现在越来越多的人在谈论转基因食品。所以本文主要讨论转基因食品。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.可知，基因工程被广泛用于生产具有更好营养价值的植物和动物。由此判断出转基因食品有可能帮助解决营养缺乏的问题。故选C。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“They were first put on the market in 1996. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.”描述，转基因从初次投放到市场到现在，规模已经很大，而且还将继续扩大，故划线句子的意思最可能是“转基因食品已经走出实验室进入市场。”故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.然而，就像任何新的产品进入食品链一样，转基因食物必须经过仔细的测试。由此判断出作者对转基因食品的态度是很谨慎的。故选B。
四、词汇(共14小题;每小题1分，共14分)
第一节 选词填空(共7小题;每小题1分，共7分)
用方框中单词的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词(短语)只能用一次，有两个多余选项。
attend, audience, confident, due to, inspire, live up to, previous, surround, unique
44. Everyone’s fingerprints are________.
45. He was the first child in the family to________college.
46. The trees had been planted by the________owner of the house.
47. The team is quite successful; all the players have________in their manager.
48. As a lucky child I was________by love and kindness.
49. The beautiful town has always been a source of________for me.
50. The film is very attractive. It has certainly________my expectations.
【答案】44. unique
45. attend 46. previous
47. confidence
48. surrounded
49. inspiration
50. lived up to
【解析】
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词， unique表“独一无二的”，为形容词，在本句中作表语，符合句意。故填unique。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意：他是家里第一个上大学的孩子。分析句子可知，此空应填动词原形，attend表“参加”，attend college表“上大学”，为固定短语，而 to attend college在本句中作定语。故填attend。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些树是前房主种的。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词，previous表“先前的”，为形容词，在本句中作状语，符合句意。故填previous。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个团队非常成功；所有的球员都对他们的教练充满信心。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，而 have confidence in sb.表“对某人有信心”，为固定搭配，所以confidence符合句意。故填confidence。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为一个幸运的孩子，我被爱和善良所包围。分析句子可知，此空应填过去分词与前面was构成被动，be surrounded by表“被……包围”，为固定搭配。 故填surrounded。
49题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个美丽的小镇一直是我灵感的源泉。分析句子可知，此空应填名词， a source of inspiration表“灵感的源泉”，符合句意。故填inspiration。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这部电影很吸引人。它确实没有辜负我的期望。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语，live up to表“不辜负”，符合句意，且由前文has可知，此空动词应用过去分词，和前面has构成现在完成时。故填lived up to。
第二节(共7小题;每小题1分，共7分)
根据首字母和英文释义，填写适当的单词。请将完整的单词拼写填在答题纸上。
51. He tried to c________the frightened children.(to make someone become quiet and relaxed) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】comfort##omfort
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他试图安慰受惊的孩子们。根据首字母和英文提示可知，此空应填comfort，表“安慰”，在本句中作宾语。故填comfort。
52. He wouldn’t have the p________to sit reading all day. (the ability to continue waiting or doing something for a long time without becoming angry or anxious) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】patience##atience
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他没有耐心整天坐着看书。根据首字母和英语提示(长时间等待或做某事而不生气或焦虑的能力)可知，是“耐心”patience，冠词后用名词，故填patience。
53. The reporter were asking a lot of t________questions. (difficult to deal with) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】tough##ough
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：记者问了很多尖锐的问题。根据首字母和英文difficult to deal with(很难应对的)提示，空处是“尖锐的”tough，形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填tough。
54. He received a watch as a present on the o________of his retirement. (a special event, ceremony or celebration) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】occasion ##ccasion
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他退休时收到了一块手表作为礼物。根据首字母和英文提示可知，此空应填occasion ，表“特别事情(或仪式、庆典)”，为可数名词且此处应用单数形式，on the occasion of表“值此…之际”，为固定搭配。故填occasion。
55. He decided to leave school for v________reasons. (several different kinds of…) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】various##arious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他因为各种原因决定离开学校。根据首字母和英文提示可知，是各种各样的various，形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填various。
56. His coach didn’t s________him for the basketball team, which made me very upset. ( choose somebody/ something from a group of people or things) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】select##elect
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他的教练没有选他参加篮球队，这让我很不高兴。根据首字母和英文提示可知，此空应填select，表“挑选”，为动词，在本句中作谓语。故填select。
57. My sister has a burning d________to be an artist. (a strong wish to have or do something) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】desire##esire
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我妹妹渴望成为一名艺术家。根据首字母和英文提示可知，这里应填desire，表“渴望”，为可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填desire。
五、书面表达(20分)
58. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在做关于“中学生运动情况”的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.你喜欢的一项运动；
2.这项运动给你带来的益处；
3.关于运动的建议。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
Actually, playing basketball is my favorite. I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
I have benefited much from playing basketball. It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days. In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges. It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
This is my experience and understanding of sports. What about yours? So looking forward to your sharing.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封邮件，向他介绍你的运动情况。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量现在完成时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 介绍你喜欢的一项运动；
2. 介绍这项运动给你带来的益处；
3. 提出关于运动建议。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
play basketball; take part in competitions; benefit much from playing basketball; keep fit; refresh myself during the stressful school days; more courageous and persistent; the key to success; many friends with the same interest; do physical exercise regularly
第三步：连词成句
1.Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
2.Actually, playing basketball is my favorite.
3.I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
4.I have benefited much from playing basketball.
5.It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days.
6.In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges.
7.It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
8.Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
9.This is my experience and understanding of sports.
10.So looking forward to your sharing.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：In addition
2.表因果关系：Therefore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1]Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.（现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.（suggest后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气）
2022—2023学年度第一学期期末练习题
年级：高一 科目：英语
本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟
一、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
On a foggy Sunday morning, Amrisha Vaish was sleeping soundly at home in Arlington, Virginia. The sound that woke him at 7:15 was so loud that he assumed it came from inside his house. As he got up to ___1___ carefully, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree ___2___ in smoke about 500 yards away. A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.
Seeing that, he immediately grabbed buckets of water and ran to the crash site. Up close, the ___3___ looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the driver’s seat ought to have been, as if ___4___ there. He thought that no one could have survived this crash, and yet there was 15-year-old Quintin Thompson, still ___5___ with his terrified face pressed against the driver’s side window, in visible pain. Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success. When the ___6___ got into the front seats, he realized he had to get the boy out of there as soon as possible.
Instantly, Vaish tried to open the back door, but he failed. He picked up a stone beside the tree and hit the back door. This time, it ___7___. The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in. Thompson was struggling to get free when Vaish noticed how ___8___ his legs were. Using a pocketknife, Vaish sawed through Thompson’s seat belt. Now that Thompson was free of restraints (束缚), Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety before the car was ___9___ surrounded by flames. Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely. Soon, the doctors arrived and Vaish felt ____10____.
1. A. analyse B. view C. examine D. question
2. A. enveloped B. choked C. marked D. rescued
3. A. wound B. damage C. engine D. smoke
4. A. drawn B. guarded C. sent D. planted
5. A. calm B. curious C. conscious D. confident
6. A. water B. driver C. passengers D. flames
7. A. responded B. changed C. worked D. failed
8. A. dirty B. bad C. unique D. normal
9. A. slowly B. entirely C. simply D. deadly
10. A. relieved B. touched C. recognized D. satisfied
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Amrisha Vaish在一起汽车事故中，勇于灭火救人的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他站起来仔细检查的时候，他听到了另一个声音，这个声音肯定是从外面传来的。A. analyse分析；B. view观看；C. examine检查；D. question询问。根据后文“he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside”可知，这是Vaish仔细检查得到的结果。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从卧室的窗户向外望去，他注意到500码外有一棵树被烟雾笼罩着。A. enveloped包裹，包住；B. choked（使）噎住；C. marked标记；D. rescued营救。根据后文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，一辆汽车着火了，一棵树被烟雾包裹笼罩着，合乎逻辑。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：近距离看，损坏看起来更严重。A. wound创伤，伤口；B. damage损害，损毁；C. engine引擎；D. smoke烟。根据前文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，是一辆汽车出了事故，所以应指汽车损坏很严重。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车几乎被劈成了两半，那棵树就在驾驶员座位应该在的地方，仿佛是栽在那儿似的。A. drawn被画；B. guarded被保卫；C. sent被发送；D. planted被种植。根据前文“the tree was where the driver’s seat ought to have been”可知，树在驾驶员的位置好像长在汽车的里面，所以说就好像栽在那儿似的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他认为没有人能在这场车祸中幸存下来，然而15岁的Quintin Thompson仍然清醒，惊恐的脸贴在司机侧的车窗上，痛苦可见。A. calm镇静的；B. curious好奇的；C. conscious意识到的，神志清醒的；D. confident有信心的。根据前文“He thought that no one could have survived this crash”以及后面yet转折的语义可知，Thompson还活着，神志清醒。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当火焰蔓延到前排座位时，他意识到他必须尽快把孩子救出来。A. water水；B. driver司机；C. passengers乘客；D. flames火焰。根据前文“Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success.”可知，火没有扑灭，所以这里指“火焰”蔓延。故选D项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次，它起作用了。A. responded回应；B. changed变化；C. worked工作，有效，起作用；D. failed失败。根据后文“The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in.”可知，这次成功了，所以是这次起作用了。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thompson正挣扎着想要挣脱，这时Vaish注意到他的腿有多糟糕。A. dirty肮脏的；B. bad坏的，糟糕的，严重的；C. unique独特的；D. normal正常的。根据后文“Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely.”等信息可知，Thompson的腿伤得很严重。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，Thompson已经摆脱了束缚，Vaish把他从车窗里拉了出来，然后在车完全被火焰包围之前把他拖到了安全的地方。A. slowly慢慢地；B. entirely完全地；C. simply简单的；D. deadly致命的。根据前文“Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety ”可知，Vaish灭火未成功，汽车一直还在燃烧，所以，Vaish要在汽车完全被火焰包围之前，把Thompson拖到安全的地方。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，医生们赶到了，Vaish感到如释重负。A. relieved宽心的，宽慰的；B. touched感动的；C. recognized公认的；D. satisfied满意的。根据前文“ the doctors arrived”可知，Thompson伤势严重，医生赶到了，能尽快的处理Thompson的伤，所以Vaish感到宽慰，如释重负。故选A项。
二、语法(共15小题;每小题1分，共15分)
第一节 单项填空(共6小题;每小题1分，共6分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
11. （2016·北京）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if
C. even though D. in case
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】考查让步状语从句。句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是让步关系，故选C。
【点睛】
1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
例如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.
Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains.
She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.
2. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。
例如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
3. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。
例如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different.
4. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though等。
例如：Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?
5. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。
例如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.
6. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。
例如：She was now happier than she had ever been.
【详解】请在此输入详解！
【点睛】请在此输入点睛！
12. Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if
C. even though D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子以便它们吃起来变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。分析句子结构可知，此处应该选择连词引导状语从句，结合句意可知，从句为目的状语从句，所以用so that引导。故选D项。
13. 【2018·江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A. Once B. Unless
C. If D. When
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你能睡好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划的能力和保持积极性。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。
点睛：本题考查连词辨析。解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系语境进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
14. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：1. 确定从句：从空格到句末。2. 确定关系词：先行词为writer，与从句中的主语story是所属关系，用whose。句意：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。故选C。
15. We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A. unless B. once C. whether D. because
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。
16. ______________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：每当我得做演讲时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。A. Whatever无论什么；B. Whenever每当，无论何时；C. Whoever无论谁；D. However不管怎样。引导时间状语从句，表示“每当”应用whenever。故选B。
第二节 语法填空(共9小题;每小题1分，共9分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____17____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____18____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____19____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____20____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (准时) ____21____(value) highly in American life. For example,____22____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____23____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A., no one would think of keeping a business partner ____24____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____25____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
【答案】17. before
18. be considered
19. are made
20. Thus 21. is valued
22. if 23. or
24. waiting
25. who##that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了时间的意义在世界不同的地方是不同的。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：在美国，如果客人在宴会日期的三、四天前才收到邀请，他们往往会觉得自己不受重视。根据语境可知，此处指在宴会日之前收到邀请，应用介词before“在……之前”。故填before。
【18题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：在世界上的其他地方，提前太久约会可能被认为是愚蠢的，因为一个多星期后的约会计划往往会被忘记。主语it和consider是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词may后用be done形式。故填be considered。
【19题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：在世界其他地区，可能太早和别人订好约会时间会被看成很愚蠢的事情，因为为一个多星期后的约会制定的计划往往会被忘记。此处是定语从句，that作主语，与make是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代先行词plans，是复数含义，be动词使用are。故填are made。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：因此，来自时间观念不同文化背景的人们之间会产生误解。根据前一句“The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.”可知，前后是因果关系，逗号前用thus“因此”。故填Thus。
【21题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：在美国人生活中非常重视守时。主语Promptness和value是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是抽象名词，be动词使用is。故填 is valued。
【22题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，此处表示一种假设，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
【23题详解】
考查连词。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，前后表示选择，不准时被认为不礼貌或不完全负责任，应用连词or“或者”。故填or。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，没有人会想到让生意伙伴等一个小时，因为这太不礼貌了。固定搭配keep sb. doing sth“让某人一直做某事”。故填waiting。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一个迟到五分钟的人会说几个词解释，虽然他可能不会说完这个句子。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是person，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
三、阅读理解(共18小题;每小题2分，共36分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “M Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
26. The author tidied up the room most probably because________.
A. she was scared by Kate’s anger B. she hated herself for being so messy
C. she wanted to show her care D. she was asked by Kate to do so
27. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By analyzing causes. B. By showing differences.
C. By describing a process. D. By following time order.
28. What might be the best title for the story?
A. My Friend Kate B. Hard Work Pays Off
C. How to Be Organized D. Learning to Be Roommates
【答案】26. C 27. B 28. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和室友生活习惯不同从而产生矛盾，最后通过一件事作者明白了与室友共同生活的关键：让步、清理、坚持。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.(突然，一种温暖的同情之情在我心中升起。)”可知，在看到Kate接电话后的状态后，一种温暖的同情在作者的心中升起，于是她收拾起东西，由此推断作者将东西收拾整齐应是为了表达对Kate的关爱之情。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.(我从来不讲究整洁，而我的室友凯特却非常有条理。她的每一件东西都有自己的位置，但我的总是藏在某个地方。她甚至给每样东西都贴上了标签。我一直在寻找一切。随着时间的推移，凯特变得越来越整洁，而我变得越来越混乱。她会把我脏衣服推倒，我则会把我的书放在她整洁的桌子上。我们都厌倦了对方。)”可知，作者在第一段描述了与室友Kate在日常生活习惯上的种种差异，在论述过程中使用了“while”，“but”，“and”等连词表达对比转折关系，因此可推知，作者在第一段使用了“比较不同”的方法而展开论述的。故选B项。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.(这一年剩下的时间里，Kate和我一直是室友。我们并不总是意见一致，但我们学会了共同生活的关键：让步、清理、坚持。)”可知，文章主要围绕如何与室友相处而展开的。选项D项Learning to Be Roommates(学会成为室友)揭示了文章主旨要义。故选D项。
B
The following list includes some books that come highly recommended by millions of readers and also a short summary of the highlights of each work.
The Go-Giver, by Bob Burg and John David Mann
I didn’t even expect that such a short book could make a huge difference in my way towards life. It simply explains complex laws that direct mankind, and concludes that there is always truth in the opposite.
Dao De Jing, by Lao Zi
Dao De Jing is one of the finest books on philosophy written by Lao Zi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and poet. It is sincere, exciting and makes you think a lot. Read it and get in touch with the clear educative understandings that give you enough tips to pursue your life goal full of passion.
The Science of Getting Rich, by Wallace D. Wattles
I had my own misunderstandings of getting rich till I read this book. The book made a huge difference to my life after I discovered the secrets mentioned. Read it and it teaches you how to become rich, not immediately, but step by step.
The Power of Habit, by Charles Duhigg
I never knew habits played such an important role in shaping our future until I read this book. It says, you are what your habits are, and also suggests the proven techniques to create new habits that change our lifestyles and eventually our livers. It is must-read for everyone who wishes to form lifetime habits.
The Road Less Travelled, by Scott Peck
Simply put, buy this book for the path towards understanding in a spiritual way that strengthens your personal growth. This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of life; it simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.
29. Which book can help you chase your dream passionately?
A. Dao De Jing. B. The Go-Giver.
C. The Road Less Travelled. D. The Science of Getting Rich.
30. Which of the following ideas may Scott Peck agree with?
A. Habits can shape our future.
B. There is always truth in the opposite.
C. Difficulty is often part of personal growth.
D We should find easy solutions to challenges.
31. What can we know about the books mentioned above?
A. They are all easily written. B. They are all popular books.
C. All their writers are foreigners. D. All the books are about life goals.
【答案】29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一些成千上万的读者推荐的非常受欢迎的书籍。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中Dao De Jing, by Lao Zi中的“Dao De Jing is one of the finest books on philosophy written by Lao Zi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and poet. It is sincere, exciting and makes you think a lot. Read it and get in touch with the clear educative understandings that give you enough tips to pursue your life goal full of passion.（《道德经》是中国古代哲学家、诗人老子所著的最优秀的哲学著作之一。它是真诚的，令人兴奋的，让你思考很多。读一读，你就会明白其中清晰的教育理念，它会给你足够的建议，让你充满激情地追求自己的人生目标。）”可知，《道德经》能帮助你激情地追逐梦想。故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of life. It simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.（这本书不会给你简单的解决生活中的挑战的方法。它只是生活的一部分，让你更好地理解，过上充实的生活。）”可知，Scott Peck会同意C项“困难只是个人成长的一部分。”故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The following list includes some books that come highly recommended by millions of readers and also a short summary of the highlights of each work.（下面的清单包括了数百万读者强烈推荐的几本书，以及每本书的亮点的简短总结。）”可知，这些书有那么多的读者推荐，所以很受欢迎，故选B。
C
Sarah came running in. “Look what I found.” Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump. It was a snake skin that had been shed by one of our many garden snakes.
“Isn’t it beautiful?” said my wide-eyed seven-year-old.
I stared at the organic wrapper and thought to myself that it really wasn’t that beautiful, but I have learned never to appear uninterested with children. They see only good quality and excellence in the world until educated otherwise.
“Why does it do this?” Sarah asked.
“Snakes shed their skin because they need to renew themselves,” I explained. “Why do they need to renew themselves?” Sarah asked.
I suddenly remembered an article on this page many years ago where the writer was expressing her concept of renewal. She used layers of paper over a wall to describe how we hide our original selves, and said that by peeling away those layers one by one, we see the original beneath. “We often need to shed our skins and those coatings that we cover ourselves with,” I said to my now absorbed daughter. “We outgrow some things and find other ones unwanted or unnecessary. This snake no longer needs this skin. It is probably too crinkly（起皱的）for him, and he probably doesn’t think he looks as smart in it as he once did.”
Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand, although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; that we need to take a good look at ourselves, our rooms, schoolwork and creativity, and see what we need to keep and what we need to cast off. I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.
“I see, Dad,” said Sarah and jumped off my lap and ran off.
I hoped she would remember this. That often, in order to find our real selves underneath the layers of community and culture with which we cover ourselves year after year, we need to start examining these layers. We need to gently peel some away, as we recognize them to be worthless or unnecessary; or at best, store the ones thrown away as mementoes（念想）of our promotion to a better vitality or spirit.
32. At the first sight of the snake skin, the author was .
A. scared B. puzzled
C. uninterested D. excited
33. Sarah learned from her father that renewal is .
A. to recover the layers inside
B. to review what has been done
C. a natural part of getting mature
D. the process of finding the unwanted
34. It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________.
A. dislikes the snake skin at all
B. shows concern for nature and culture
C. can grasp the chance to educate children
D. often encourages his daughter to raise questions
35. The author mainly tells the reader that ________.
A. snakes cast off the layers to look smarter
B. we should renew ourselves to get improved
C. snakes shed their skins to renew themselves
D. we should explore our original nature underneath
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了作者的女儿问作者关于蛇为什么会脱皮的问题，作者借机又给女儿进行了一次教育。蛇要脱皮是在成长，人要进步也须不断反省自己，只有会发现自己的缺点才能不断进步。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第一段Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump.一句可知，作者看到这个长长的，硬而易碎的东西的时候吓得都跳起来了，scared受惊吓的；puzzled困惑的；uninterested不感兴趣的；excited激动的。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand， although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; 及I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.可知Sarah开始慢慢理解蛇蜕皮也是一种进步，并且作者继续指出这是他们成长的很自然的一种结果。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。本文作者的女儿问作者关于蛇为什么会脱皮的问题，作者抓住这个机会给女儿进行了一次教育。因此可推知，作者很善于抓住生活中的小事对孩子进行教育。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。作者在文中针对蛇为什么会脱皮这一问题，把蛇的脱皮和人的进步作了类比。借机给女儿进行了一次教育。也是在向我们大家讲述这一道理：人要进步也须不断反省自己，这样才会发现自己的缺点并不断进步。故选B
D
Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(冲动的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.
Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as “novelty seeking”, characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”, marked by pessimism and shyness; “reward dependence”, with an addictive personality; and “persistence”, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.
The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.
The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child’s behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.
There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.
People who have a reward-dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.
“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach,” said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.
If you know it’s not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition (体质) could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.
36. Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?
A. “Novelty seeking”. B. “Persistence”.
C. “Harm avoidance”. D. “Reward dependence”.
37. Which of the following is true about shy people?
A. They structurally have a smaller brain region.
B. They can naturally put themselves forward.
C. They are too timid to be educated and helped.
D. They are often shouted at and scolded.
38. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. People have chances to change their personality types.
B. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.
C. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.
D. Scientists have identified four different personality types.
39. The author writes the passage to________.
A. argue a claim B. present a fact
C. support a research D. introduce an approach
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as ‘novelty seeking’, characterized by impulsive actions; ‘harm avoidance’, marked by pessimism and shyness; ‘reward dependence’, with an addictive personality; and ‘persistence’, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.(85人的大脑结构差异已被测量，并与四种主要的性格类型相联系，这四种类型被归类为‘求新’，以冲动行为为特征；‘避免伤害’，以悲观和害羞为特征；‘奖赏依赖’，具有成瘾性；和‘坚持’，他们倾向于勤奋、努力和完美主义者。)”可知，“奖赏依赖”，具有成瘾性，所以更可能成为吸毒者。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.(例如，被定义为求新性格的人的大脑区域结构更大，而具有避免伤害性格的人大脑区域的组织体积明显更小。)”可知，害羞的人应该是有避免伤害性格的人，所以他们大脑区域会小一些。故选A项。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(冲动的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.(性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关，这可以解释为什么一个孩子长大后变得冲动外向，而另一个孩子变得勤奋内省。)”以及后文可知，本文主要讲性格类型与大脑的结构差异有关。故选C项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段“The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. (研究人员表示，大脑的差异是结构性的，可以通过大脑中特定区域的大小来衡量，这些区域似乎与四种性格类型中的每一种都有联系。)”以及前后文可知，文章主要是在客观陈述有一个关于大脑差异和性格的关系研究结果，即陈述一个事实。故选B项。
E
Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.
In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.
However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.
40. The passage mainly talks about________.
A. the world's food problem
B. the development in biotech
C. the genetically modified foods
D. the way to solve food shortages
41. According to the passage, GM foods________.
A. will replace naturally grown foods
B. are far better than naturally grown foods
C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition
D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries
42. The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.
A. GM foods are available everywhere
B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced
C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers
D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets
43. What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?
A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious.
C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.
【答案】40. C 41. C 42. D 43. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了转基因食物，转基因食物的形成及可能带来的问题。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段第一句Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods) 现在越来越多的人在谈论转基因食品。所以本文主要讨论转基因食品。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.可知，基因工程被广泛用于生产具有更好营养价值的植物和动物。由此判断出转基因食品有可能帮助解决营养缺乏的问题。故选C。
【42题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“They were first put on the market in 1996. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.”描述，转基因从初次投放到市场到现在，规模已经很大，而且还将继续扩大，故划线句子的意思最可能是“转基因食品已经走出实验室进入市场。”故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.然而，就像任何新的产品进入食品链一样，转基因食物必须经过仔细的测试。由此判断出作者对转基因食品的态度是很谨慎的。故选B。
四、词汇(共14小题;每小题1分，共14分)
第一节 选词填空(共7小题;每小题1分，共7分)
用方框中单词的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词(短语)只能用一次，有两个多余选项。
attend, audience, confident, due to, inspire, live up to, previous, surround, unique
44. Everyone’s fingerprints are________.
45. He was the first child in the family to________college.
46. The trees had been planted by the________owner of the house.
47. The team is quite successful; all the players have________in their manager.
48. As a lucky child I was________by love and kindness.
49. The beautiful town has always been a source of________for me.
50. The film is very attractive. It has certainly________my expectations.
【答案】44. unique
45. attend 46. previous
47. confidence
48. surrounded
49. inspiration
50. lived up to
【解析】
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词， unique表“独一无二的”，为形容词，在本句中作表语，符合句意。故填unique。
【45题详解】
考查动词。句意：他是家里第一个上大学的孩子。分析句子可知，此空应填动词原形，attend表“参加”，attend college表“上大学”，为固定短语，而 to attend college在本句中作定语。故填attend。
【46题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些树是前房主种的。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词，previous表“先前的”，为形容词，在本句中作状语，符合句意。故填previous。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个团队非常成功；所有的球员都对他们的教练充满信心。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，而 have confidence in sb.表“对某人有信心”，为固定搭配，所以confidence符合句意。故填confidence。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：作为一个幸运的孩子，我被爱和善良所包围。分析句子可知，此空应填过去分词与前面was构成被动，be surrounded by表“被……包围”，为固定搭配。 故填surrounded。
49题详解】
考查名词。句意：这个美丽的小镇一直是我灵感的源泉。分析句子可知，此空应填名词， a source of inspiration表“灵感的源泉”，符合句意。故填inspiration。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这部电影很吸引人。它确实没有辜负我的期望。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语，live up to表“不辜负”，符合句意，且由前文has可知，此空动词应用过去分词，和前面has构成现在完成时。故填lived up to。
第二节(共7小题;每小题1分，共7分)
根据首字母和英文释义，填写适当的单词。请将完整的单词拼写填在答题纸上。
51. He tried to c________the frightened children.(to make someone become quiet and relaxed) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】comfort##omfort
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他试图安慰受惊的孩子们。根据首字母和英文提示可知，此空应填comfort，表“安慰”，在本句中作宾语。故填comfort。
52. He wouldn’t have the p________to sit reading all day. (the ability to continue waiting or doing something for a long time without becoming angry or anxious) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】patience##atience
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他没有耐心整天坐着看书。根据首字母和英语提示(长时间等待或做某事而不生气或焦虑的能力)可知，是“耐心”patience，冠词后用名词，故填patience。
53. The reporter were asking a lot of t________questions. (difficult to deal with) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】tough##ough
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：记者问了很多尖锐的问题。根据首字母和英文difficult to deal with(很难应对的)提示，空处是“尖锐的”tough，形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填tough。
54. He received a watch as a present on the o________of his retirement. (a special event, ceremony or celebration) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】occasion ##ccasion
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他退休时收到了一块手表作为礼物。根据首字母和英文提示可知，此空应填occasion ，表“特别事情(或仪式、庆典)”，为可数名词且此处应用单数形式，on the occasion of表“值此…之际”，为固定搭配。故填occasion。
55. He decided to leave school for v________reasons. (several different kinds of…) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】various##arious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他因为各种原因决定离开学校。根据首字母和英文提示可知，是各种各样的various，形容词修饰名词，作定语。故填various。
56. His coach didn’t s________him for the basketball team, which made me very upset. ( choose somebody/ something from a group of people or things) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】select##elect
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他的教练没有选他参加篮球队，这让我很不高兴。根据首字母和英文提示可知，此空应填select，表“挑选”，为动词，在本句中作谓语。故填select。
57. My sister has a burning d________to be an artist. (a strong wish to have or do something) （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】desire##esire
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我妹妹渴望成为一名艺术家。根据首字母和英文提示可知，这里应填desire，表“渴望”，为可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填desire。
五、书面表达(20分)
58. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在做关于“中学生运动情况”的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.你喜欢的一项运动；
2.这项运动给你带来的益处；
3.关于运动的建议。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
Actually, playing basketball is my favorite. I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
I have benefited much from playing basketball. It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days. In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges. It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
This is my experience and understanding of sports. What about yours? So looking forward to your sharing.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封邮件，向他介绍你的运动情况。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量现在完成时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 介绍你喜欢的一项运动；
2. 介绍这项运动给你带来的益处；
3. 提出关于运动建议。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
play basketball; take part in competitions; benefit much from playing basketball; keep fit; refresh myself during the stressful school days; more courageous and persistent; the key to success; many friends with the same interest; do physical exercise regularly
第三步：连词成句
1.Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
2.Actually, playing basketball is my favorite.
3.I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
4.I have benefited much from playing basketball.
5.It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days.
6.In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges.
7.It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
8.Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
9.This is my experience and understanding of sports.
10.So looking forward to your sharing.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：In addition
2.表因果关系：Therefore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】[高分句型1]Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.（现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.（suggest后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气）
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