2022-2023学年广东省珠海市第二中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年广东省珠海市第二中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共26页。
珠海市第二中学2022—2023学年第一学期期中考试
高一年级英语试题
说明：全卷共4页，考试时间为120分钟，满分130分。
注意事项：
1、答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2、选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上相对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑:如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3、非选择题必须用黑色自己的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4、考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，答题卡交回。
第一部分 单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项
1. What is the basic structure of the underlined sentence below?
Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge
(S=subject, V=verb, O=object, DO=direct object, IO=indirect object, C=complement. P=predicative)
A. SVO B. SVIODO C. SVOC D. SP
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。分析可知，Going from junior high school to senior high school作主语，is是系动词，a really big challenge是表语，故该句是主系表结构。故选D。
2. What you learn at school plays a very important part in shaping your behaviour in society. Which part in the sentence is the AdjP (Adjective Phrase)?
A. What you learn at school B. very important
C. a very important part D. in society
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词性短语。句意：你在学校学到的东西在塑造你在社会中的行为方面起着非常重要的作用。分析句子可知，“very important”是由“副词very+形容词 important”构成的形容词性短语，在句中修饰名词“part”，“What you learn at school”为从句在句中作主语，“a very important part”为名词短语，“in society”为介词短语。故选B项。
3. —Excuse me. I ______ for Shanghai this Saturday. Please tell me when the earliest plane_________.
—Just a moment, please I will check it for you.
A. am to leave; will take off B. am leaving; is taking off
C. am leaving; takes off D. am about to leave; takes off
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——打扰一下。本周六我要去上海。请告诉我最早的飞机什么时候起飞。——稍等，我帮您看一下。分析句子可知可处应为谓语动词，分析句意可知，两个谓语动作均为将来的动作，通常情况下，瞬间动词leave，come，go等用现在进行时表示将来的动作，所以第一空为am leaving；按照时刻表进行的动作通常使用一般现在时态表是将来，所以第二空用一般现在时，故选C项
4. —Our school soccer team must have won in yesterday’s competition. ______?
—________It’s too bad
A. didn’t/they; No, they didn’t B. haven’t they; Yes, they did
C. mustn’t they; No, they didn’t D. hadn’t they; Yes, they did
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查反义疑问句。——我们学校的足球队一定赢得了昨天的比赛。对吗？——不，他们没有赢。太糟糕了。 分析句子结构可知，本题考查反义疑问句，情态动词用于表示对过去情况推测且有表过去的时间状语时，其反义疑问句的助动词使用did，因主句为肯定句，所以助动词使用否定形式；根据下文“It’s too bad.”可知，此处表示的是“没有赢”，所以回答应该使用的是No, they didn’t。故选A项。
5. It wasn’t ______ he took off his mask ______ I recognized he should be a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; when
C. when; then D. until; that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和时间状语从句。句意：直到他摘下面具我才意识到他应该是一个著名的电影明星。表达“直到……才……”用not...until；去掉it was和第二空，句子依然完整，故第二考查强调句，关于not..until的强调句应是it was not until...that...。故选D
6. Whenever I'm seated alone in the room, I find myself to the picture on the wall.
A. attracting B. attracted C. to be attracted D. being attracted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：每当我独自坐在房间里，我就会被墙上的画吸引。find sb done是find+宾语+宾语补足语结构，此处myself和attract之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表示被动，故选B项。
7. Into the dark room ______ David, who became surprised then when ______ “Happy Birthday” shouted by his roommates
A. walked; heard B. walked; hearing
C. walking; hearing D. did walk; heard
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和省略句。句意：大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当听到室友喊“生日快乐”时，他惊讶万分。分析句子结构可知，第一空为倒装句，表方位的介词短语位于句首时，句子要用全部倒装，根据became可知，此处用一般过去时态，将谓语walked置于主语David前；第二空为省略句，当时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省去从句中的主语和be动词，只保留非谓语动词形式，hear与主语David之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词hearing作状语。故选B项。
8. All the drivers had a______ expression because of the policeman’s ______ traffic directions.
A. confused; confusing B. confusing; confusing
C. confused; confused D. confusing; confused
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于警察混乱的交通指示，所有的司机都一脸困惑。confused“感到困惑的”，confusing“令人困惑的”；第一空：修饰人或人的表情、眼神等常用v-ed形式的形容词，此处表示“感到困惑的”表情，应用confused；第二空：修饰物常用v-ing形式的形容词，此处表示“令人困惑的”交通指示，应用confusing。故选A。
9. It is highly recommended that the general public ______ one-metre social distance to avoid any possible risk of getting infected.
A. keeps B. be kept C. must keep D. keep
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：强烈建议公众保持一米社交距离，以避免任何可能的感染风险。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，“It”为形式主语，“that”引导的从句作真正的主语，“recommended”意为“建议”，此时从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)+动词原形”，“should”可省略，故空格处应填“keep”。故选D项。
10. They prefer ______ the birthday party till next Sunday rather than ______ it without the presence of their manager
A. putting off; to hold B. to put off; hold
C. putting off; to holding D. to put off; to hold
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他们宁愿把生日派对推迟到下周日，也不愿在没有经理在场的情况下举行。分析句子可知，此处为prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”，prefer后为不定式结构，rather than后为动词原形。故选B项。
11. The freshman students left a deep impression ______ me, because they have strong confidence their senior high school life.
A. to; in B. on; for C. on; in D. for; on
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：新生们给我留下了深刻的印象，因为他们对自己的高中生活充满信心。第一空：表达“给某人留下深刻印象”用固定短语leave a deep impression on sb.；第二空：表达“对……有信心”用固定短语have confidence in。故选C。
12. The date for the sports meeting we had been looking forward to ______ last week.
A. coming B. came C. comes D. come
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们一直期待的运动会的日期在上周到来了。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，空格处缺少的是主句的谓语动词，根据句中“last week”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空格处应用“come”的过去式“came”。故选B项。
13. Some experts do believe that ______ to virtual world, to a greater or lesser degree, will prevent teenagers from developing their communicative skills in the real world.
A. addicting B. addicted C. having addicted D. being addicted
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些专家确实认为，沉迷于虚拟世界或多或少会阻碍青少年在现实世界中发展他们的沟通技能。结合句意表达“对……上瘾，沉迷于……”用be addicted to，此处作宾语从句的主语，应用该短语的动名词形式。故选D。
14. He is applying ______ his research on applying new strategies ______ with practical business problems.
A. to continue; to dealing B. to continuing; to dealing
C. to continue; to deal D. to continuing; to deal
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他正在申请继续研究应用新策略来处理实际商业问题。根据句意可知，第一空表达“申请做某事”用apply to do sth.；第二空表达“将……应用于”应用apply...to...，其中to是介词，其后接deal的动名词形式。故选A。
15. When the head teacher stood beside him, he pretended ______ carefully though his mind had already wandered away.
A to listen B. to have listened C. to be listening D. to listening
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当班主任站在他身边时，尽管他的思绪已经飘走了，但他假装在仔细听课。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，pretend后使用不定式结构作宾语，结合句意可知，listen与其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，所以使用不定式的进行式。故选C项。
第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确选项。
A
How to plan your routes to avoid busy places
Whether you are a beginner or already a regular runner, these apps will come in handy for planning routes that avoid busy places on your next run
Strava
Just put in whether you’re running or cycling, how far you’d like to go and whether you’re keen to avoid hills, the app will then suggest a number of routes near you, based on where other runners have been. It is a good way to see running routes you might not have explored.
Komoot
As you plan the route, it’ll work out the distance of your run and give you the option to input your running speed, allowing the app to work out how long the route shall take you.
Map my run
Map my run gives runners the option to plan their own route, or the ability to search through popular running routes near you, which is even more helpful for beginners. The app gives you the option of saving your favourite routes and accessing them on the app if you get lost mid-run.
OS Maps
Another hugely popular map-building platform OS Maps is pretty high tech when it comes to planning a running route. You’ll need a subscription to get some of the features, but using the free app you can find local running routes. There are almost two million routes stored in the routes database, and many of them are free.
16. What is special about Strava?
A. It can be used to play music. B. It is pretty high technology.
C. It can plan cycling routes. D. It works out the running distance.
17. Which is the best choice for beginners to plan their own route?
A. Map my run B. Komoot
C. Strava D. OS maps
18. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To teach running skills to users.
B. To share running experience online
C To introduce four apps about running.
D. To show the increasing popularity of running.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了几个为跑步者规划路线，避开繁忙地方的app。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章 Strava 部分“Just put in whether you’re running or cycling, how far you’d like to go and whether you’re keen to avoid hills, the app will then suggest a number of routes near you, based on where other runners have been.(只需输入您是跑步还是骑自行车，您想走多远以及您是否热衷于避开山丘，该应用程序就会根据其他跑步者去过的地方建议您附近的一些路线。)”可知，Strava的特别之处在于它可以规划自行车路线，比较其它三款Apps，都中没有为骑行者规划路线的功能。故选C项。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章 Map my run 部分中的“Map my run gives runners the option to plan their own route, or the ability to search through popular running routes near you, which is even more helpful for beginners.(Map My Run为跑步者提供了规划自己路线的选项，或者搜索您附近的热门跑步路线的能力，这对初学者更有帮助。)”可知，Map my run是初学者规划自己路线的最佳选择。故选A项。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“Whether you are a beginner or already a regular runner, these apps will come in handy for planning routes that avoid busy places on your next run.(无论您是初学者还是已经是常规跑步者，这些应用程序都可以派上用场，以规划路线，避开下次跑步的繁忙地方。)”可知，本文的目的是介绍几款帮助跑步者规划路线的app，以避免下次跑步时遇到繁忙的地方。故选C项。
B
For quite some time I have had an interest in the situation of the homeless. I have read about it, prayed over it, and have done small things to help. But feeling that I could, and should, do more to make a difference. I concluded that living as a homeless man— at least for a very brief period— was the best way to understand what it’s like to have no place to call home.
I decided that St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church would be my first stop. Since the church opens its basement to homeless people every Friday for a hot meal, St. Vincent’s was symbolically a very good place to start my day as a homeless man.
After praying before the Blessed Sacrament, I hit the subfreezing streets with no money. I got into a line of men, women and children waiting to be admitted into the dining room where a free hot meal is served every day.
From there I walked to Health Care for the Homeless— an organization dedicated to providing free medical care to people who have no permanent residence. Inside were about 75 homeless women and men waiting to be seen by a nurse. There I spoke with an older man who had serious family problems that caused his homelessness.
Next, I stopped at a hotel and fast food restaurant asking if they were hiring. From there I walked the streets of downtown Baltimore, asking people for a little loose change to buy a cup of coffee. I politely approached (接近) approximately 35 people. About 30 of them ignored me, and said they didn’t have any money, or simply said no. But five people did offer me a small donation. I explained what I was doing, and thankfully declined their generosity.
Later that night, as I walked back to my vehicle, I realized that I was a richer person for having lived one day as a homeless man I thought about the homeless men and women I came across, and their problems.
19. Why did the author decide to make a start from the church?
A. It impressed the author in many ways.
B. It opened to the homeless regularly
C. Only it offered the homeless a hot meal
D. Many homeless people were allowed to live in the basement.
20. What did the author do while he was in Health Care for the Homeless?
A. He had a word with a homeless man
B. He realized it was too sad to have no money
C. He helped an older man with family problems
D. He had a hot meal with some women and children
21. What can we infer from the fifth paragraph?
A. The author worked a few hours in the restaurant
B. Very few people looked down upon the homeless
C. No food restaurants agreed to hire a homeless man
D. People in the society cared little about the homeless
22. What would the author most probably do in the future?
A. He would treasure what he had got in life
B. He would spend more time with the homeless
C. He would find a better way to help the homeless
D. He would invite the homeless to his home more often
【答案】19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者为了更好的去帮助无家可归的人的需求，自己亲身去体验流浪者的生活，并想法做一些对无家可归的人有意义的事情。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since the church opens its basement to homeless people every Friday for a hot meal, St. Vincent’s was symbolically a very good place to start my day as a homeless man.(由于教堂每周五向无家可归的人开放地下室，享用热餐，圣文森特象征性地成为我开始无家可归者一天的好地方。)”可知，作者因为教堂每周五给无家可归的人开放地下室的惯例，所以他决定从教堂开始自己作为无家可归的人生活开始的地方。故选B项。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There I spoke with an older man who had serious family problems that caused his homelessness.(在那里，我与一位年长的男子交谈，他有严重的家庭问题导致他无家可归。)”可知，作者在Health Care for the Homeless与无家可归的人交谈。故选A项。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“I politely approached (接近) approximately 35 people. About 30 of them ignored me, and said they didn’t have any money, or simply said no. But five people did offer me a small donation. (我礼貌地接近大约 35 人。大约30个人不理我，说他们没有钱，或者干脆说不。但有五个人确实给了我一小笔捐款。)”可知，作者在体验过程中发现，人们对无家可归的人关注的很少。故选D项。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But feeling that I could, and should, do more to make a difference. (但我觉得我可以而且应该做更多的事情产生一定的意义和影响。)”和最后一段中的“Later that night, as I walked back to my vehicle, I realized that I was a richer person for having lived one day as a homeless man I thought about the homeless men and women I came across, and their problems. (那天晚上晚些时候，当我走回我的车时，我意识到我是一个更富有的人，因为有一天作为一个无家可归的人，我想到了我遇到的无家可归的男人和女人，以及他们的问题。)”推知，在体验一天的流浪生活后，作者在将来很有可能会想更好的办法帮助无家可归的人。故选C项。
C
Raegan Byrd tries to complete her homework every night. But the high school student in Hartford. Connecticut, has to use her mobile phone to search for the necessary information because she does not have internet connection at home.
In May, the US Department of Education (DOE) published its findings that the number of homes without access (接入) to internet has been getting smaller, but 14 percent of homes in city areas and 18percent of homes in the countryside still do not have internet connections.
In some states, the problem is much more serious. For example, in the countryside of northern Mississippi, a third of the 294 homes in Maben do not have computers. And close to half have no access to internet whether they can pay for it or not.
Sharon Stidham, a mother in Maben, has to take her four boys to the school library at East Webster High School. Her husband works there, so the children can use the internet for their schoolwork. A signal tower can be seen through the trees from their home, but they could not put aside any money for the internet. Research results from the National Center for Education (NCE) have shown that students with internet at home get much better scores in reading, math and science than the ones who do not. Some teachers call this problem “the homework divide”. Jessica Rosenworcel, an NCE member, said, “The so-called homework divide is the cruelest part of the digital age and it is hurting the poor students and creating a big barrier to their dreams.”
Local communities (社区) have started to help. They made lists of restaurants and other businesses with Wi-Fi places where children are welcome to come and do their homework. And many public libraries have also planned to provide free access to the students next year.
23. What has DOE found out in its survey?
A. Students with internet at home are doing better at school.
B. About 33% of the students in Mississippi do not have internet at home.
C. An increasing number of students do not have access to internet at home.
D. 4% more homes in the countryside don’t have internet access than those in the city.
24. Why does Sharon Stidham take her sons to the East Webster High School library?
A. Her sons have to use the internet for their schoolwork.
B. She wants her sons to study in a better environment.
C. She does not want to pay for the internet at home.
D Her husband is a teacher in the library.
25. How does Jessica Rosenworcel think of “the homework divide”?
A. Unimportant B. Useful C. Harmful. D. Positive
26. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Helps are coming from the public and the local communities.
B. Libraries have opened their doors to the students for free.
C. Restourants have volunteered to take in the children.
D. to real communities are called on to take actions.
【答案】23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国部分家庭没有安装网络，导致了一部分孩子不能完成家庭作业，因此社区和公共场所也大力提供帮助。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“14 percent of homes in city areas and 18 percent of homes in the countryside still do not have internet connections.(城市地区14%的家庭和农村地区18%的家庭仍然没有互联网连接)”可知，农村家庭没有网络连接的百分比比城市家庭要多出4%。故选D项。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Her husband works there, so the children can use the internet for their schoolwork.(她的丈夫在那里工作，所以孩子们可以用互联网做功课)”可知，她带上四个孩子去他丈夫工作的地方是为了让孩子们有网络做作业。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Jessica Rosenworcel, an NCE member, said, “The so-called homework divide is the cruelest part of the digital age and it is hurting the poor students and creating a big barrier to their dreams.”(NCE成员Jessica Rosenworcel表示:“所谓的家庭作业鸿沟是数字时代最残酷的部分，它伤害了贫困学生，给他们的梦想制造了巨大障碍。”)”可知，essica Rosenworcel认为“家庭作业鸿沟”是对学生，尤其是平困学生是有害的。故选C项。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Local communities(社区) have started to help.(当地社区已经开始提供帮助)”和“And many public libraries have also planned to provide free access to the students next year.(许多公共图书馆也计划明年向学生免费开放)”可知，当地社区和公共场所都在提供帮助。故选A项。
D
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr. Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they purposely sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was helpful in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness (模糊) of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”
27. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr. Hobaiter?
A. Memorizing specific words. B. Communicating messages on purpose.
C. Using voices to communicate. D. Understanding complex information.
28. What did Dr. Shultz think of the study?
A. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B. It was a failure but the methods were admirable.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D. It was a good try but the findings were limited.
29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Balance. B. Difference. C. Conflict. D. Connection.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C. Chimpanzees the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D. Chimpanzee language communication gestures translated
【答案】27. B 28. D 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是研究者已经破译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的含义，与人类一样，野生黑猩猩也是有意图地去传达信息。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they purposely sent a message to another group member.(她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向另一个群体成员发送信息。)”可知，人类与黑猩猩都是有目的地传达信息。故选B项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dr. Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was helpful in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家Susanne Shultz博士说，这项研究有助于丰富我们对人类语言进化的了解。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”。)”和最后一段“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions(手势含义的模糊意味着黑猩猩之间几乎没有交流，或者我们仍然缺少很多手势和动作中包含的信息。)”可知，这项研究结果是值得称赞的，但是由于缺少很多手势和动作中包含的信息结果也有些让人失望，即这是一次很好的尝试，但研究发现有限。故选D项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr. Hobaiter said.(这是呼叫和手势之间的显着差异，Hobaiter博士说。)”可知，在喊叫与手势之间是存在差距的，也就是动物与人类的交流方式上是有区别的，结合最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So…(此外，这些手势含义似乎并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流传达的含义。所以……。)”可知，这些手势意义并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流所传达的含义，所以与人类的语言交流之间是存在差异的，gulf意为“差异（Difference）”。故选B项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.(研究人员说，他们已经翻译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是研究者破译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义，并阐述了其研究发现的意义。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
If you’ve been reading my reports from Australia, you’d be wondering why I haven’t mentioned the people I’m travelling with. ____31____ I’m quite used to doing things on my own and I quite often go and visit places by myself.
____32____ On the one hand, I can just please myself and do exactly what I want to do without worrying about anyone else. I can spend as much time as I want appreciating (欣赏) exhibitions, or I can just miss out the bits I’m not interested in. It’s great! But other times, I think it would be nice to have a partner with me. Like watching fireworks over Darling Harbor, I wanted to turn to someone and say “ Wow, did you see that! ”
People often talk to you more than they would if you were with someone else. On the plane, I chatted with Lucy who was going on holiday. I quickly made friends with Rhiannon in Singapore airport. I love chatting to new people, but quite often I get the feeling that people talk to you only because they feel bad for you having no company (陪伴). ____33____
The strangest thing has been other people’s reactions. When I walk into a restaurant and ask for a table for one, the waiter looks surprised. And the surprise only increases when I tell them I’m here on business. Yes, that’s right. I’m not on holiday. It’s not only middle-aged men in suits who go on business trips, a young woman in her flowery dress can too. ____34____ And I must try hard not to do so myself.
Doing things on your own can be scary, but it’s also so rewarding (有益的). ____35____ Hey, if I can fly to the other side of the world all by myself, then I can do anything!
A. That’s because there isn’t anyone.
B. Travelling alone has its ups and downs.
C. There’re oceans of advantages about travelling alone.
D. But just because I’m alone it doesn’t mean I’m lonely!
E. People tend to distrust you when they see you on your own.
F. Travelling by myself has made me so much more confident.
G. It reminds me how much we judge people by their appearance.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. G 35. F
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，作者描写了自己独自旅行的经历和感受，认为独自完成某件事对我们是有好处的。
【31题详解】
前一句“you’d be wondering why I haven’t mentioned the people I’m travelling with.(你会奇怪为什么我没有提到和我一起旅行的人)”描述作者在报道里没有提到同行之人，空后“I’m quite used to doing things on my own and I quite often go and visit places by myself.(我很习惯自己做事情，我经常一个人去旅行)”表明作者通常自己去旅行，A选项“That’s because there isn’t anyone.(那是因为没有人)”回答前文现象的原因，与下文“一个人旅行”语境相符。故选A项。
【32题详解】
根据后文“On the one hand, I can just please myself and do exactly what I want to do without worrying about anyone else.(一方面，我可以只取悦自己，完全做我想做的事，而不用担心其他人)”表明一个人旅行的好处；再根据后文“But other times, I think it would be nice to have a partner with me.(但其他时候，我觉得有个搭档和我在一起会很好)”又表明独自旅行也有不足的地方；B选项“Travelling alone has its ups and downs.(独自旅行有起有伏)”作为本段主旨，能准确概括下文语境。故选B项。
【33题详解】
本段首句“People often talk to you more than they would if you were with someone else.( 如果你和其他人在一起，人们通常会比他们更愿意和你说话)”及后文例子均表示独自旅行能更容易与别人交流，空前一句“I love chatting to new people, but quite often I get the feeling that people talk to you only because they feel bad for you having no company.(我喜欢和新认识的人聊天，但我经常感觉人们和你聊天只是因为他们为你没有同伴而感到难过) ”表明别人与你聊天的原因是因为他们觉得你很孤独；D选项“But just because I’m alone it doesn’t mean I’m lonely!(但我一个人并不意味着我孤独)”与前一句语境呼应，But构成转折，本句为补充说明一个人并不孤单。故选D项。
【34题详解】
空处前文“And the surprise only increases when I tell them I’m here on business.(当我告诉他们我是来出差的时候，他们更惊讶了)”及“It’s not only middle-aged men in suits who go on business trips, a young woman in her flowery dress can too.(不仅西装革履的中年男人会出差，穿着花裙子的年轻女人也会出差)”表明人们会以貌取人留下第一印象，G选项“It reminds me how much we judge people by their appearance.(它提醒我，我们是多么以貌取人)”对于前文内容进行总结，且appearance与前文服装打扮的描写对应；空后“And I must try hard not to do so myself.(而我自己也必须努力不这样做)”中so指代judge people by their appearance。故选G项。
【35题详解】
空前一句描述独自完成某事是可怕的，但是是有益处的，空后“Hey, if I can fly to the other side of the world all by myself, then I can do anything!(嘿，如果我能一个人飞到世界的另一边，那我就无所不能了)”描述作者独立完成某事给自己带来积极的影响；F选项“Travelling by myself has made me so much more confident.(独自旅行让我更加自信)”与后文独自旅行的描写语境相符，表示独自旅行给自己带来的好处。故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Herb Chasan could have eased into retirement after spending 18 years teaching in high school and another 30 years remodeling homes. But the 80-year-old didn’t ____36____. He saw a need in the lower-income neighborhoods near his home and he wanted to ____37____ it.
So Mr. Chasan ____38____ Hoops and Homework, an after-school program providing ____39____ for youths up to age 14. Since 2012, it has helped over 300 children, who otherwise would have gone home to ____40____ houses or wandered around the streets until their parents got off work.
Every Wednesday afternoon, the day’s volunteers would ____41____ the children with their homework ranging from science to art projects. The air was filled with laughter and questions from those ____42____ minds.
Thanks to the founder Mr. Chasan and a group of ____43____ volunteers, the children have spent their afternoons ____44____ making crafts, playing basketball, learning violin and gardening in the _____45_____ of a small army of tutors (助教).
While the _____46_____ after-school operations have been affected by COVID-19, Mr. Chasan is still planning to _____47_____ the program for the benefit of more children in need.
“Our _____48_____ is to help these kids break the cycle of _____49_____—to have a good job, to be a success,” says Mr. Chasan. The work isn’t easy, but the _____50_____ can be big.
36. A. wait B. rest C. change D. leave
37. A. meet B. contact C. recognize D. stress
38. A. signed up for B. looked forward to C. applied for D. set up
39. A. donations B. interviews C. activities D. exams
40. A. empty B. distant C. messy D. small
41. A. impress B. assist C. provide D. inspire
42. A. injured B. determined C. curious D. positive
43. A. selfless B. polite C. graceful D. cheerful
44. A. casually B. formally C. smoothly D. productively
45. A. control B. attention C. protection D. admiration
46. A. costly B. occasional C. regular D. dull
47. A. choose B. replace C. quit D. advance
48. A. goal B. request C. problem D. profession
49. A. violence B. addiction C. poverty D. anxiety
50. A. honour B. reward C. demand D. result
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. A 41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的80岁的老人Herb Chasan，在退休后没有选择休息，而是帮助社区贫困家庭的学生课后辅导作业。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这位80岁的老人并没有休息。A. wait等待；B. rest休息；C. change改变；D. leave离开。根据下文中的“So Mr. Chasan ___3__ Hoops and Homework, an after-school program providing __4_ for youths up to age 14.”可知，Mr. Chasan退休后没有休息，而是创立了一个课后辅导项目。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到了他家附近的低收入社区的需求，他想满足它。A. meet满足；B. contact联系；C. recognize认出；D. stress强调。根据上文中的“He saw a need in the lower-income neighborhoods near his home…”以及下文中的“Mr. Chasan is still planning to ___12___the program for the benefit of more children in need.”可知，Mr. Chasan是为了满足社区低收入家庭的需要，meet one’s needs意为“满足某人的需要”符合语境。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，Mr. Chasan创立了Hoops and Homework，这是一个课后项目，为14岁以下的青少年提供活动。A. signed up for报名参加；B. looked forward to期望；C. applied for申请；D. set up创立。根据下文中的“…Hoops and Homework, an after-school program…”以及下文中的“Thanks to the founder Mr. Chasan…”可知，Chasan先生创立了一个课后项目”。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，Mr. Chasan创立了Hoops and Homework，这是一个课后项目，为14岁以下的青少年提供活动。A. donations捐赠；B. interviews面试；C. activities活动；D. exams考试。根据下文第三段中的“…with their homework ranging from science to art projects.”以及第四段中的“…making crafts, playing basketball, learning violin and gardening…”可知，该项目提供了各种活动。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自2012年以来，它已经帮助了300多名儿童，否则他们会回到空房子里或在街上徘徊，直到他们的父母下班。A. empty空的；B. distant远方的；C. messy混乱的；D. small小的。根据上文的“it has helped over 300 children”和下文中的“…or wandered around the streets until their parents got off work.”可知，父母下班回家前孩子们要么是回到空屋子中，要么就是在街上游荡。故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每周三下午，当天的志愿者都会帮助孩子们完成从科学到艺术项目的家庭作业。A. impress留下印象；B. assist帮助；C. provide提供；D. inspire激励。根据下文中的“Our __13__is to help these kids break the cycle of…”可知，这个项目的志愿者是来帮助这些孩子的。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：空气中充满了那些好奇的头脑的笑声和问题。A. injured受伤的；B. determined有决心的；C. curious好奇的；D. positive积极的。根据上文中的“The air was filled with laughter and questions from…”并结合常识可知，问题应该是来自于充满好奇心的孩子们。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感谢创始人Mr. Chasan和一群无私的志愿者，孩子们在一小群助教的关注下，度过了富有成效的下午，制作手工艺品，打篮球，学习小提琴和园艺。A. selfless无私的；B. polite有礼貌的；C. graceful优雅的；D. cheerful高兴的。根据常识和下文“the children have spent their afternoons 　9　　making crafts, playing basketball, learning violin and gardening”可知，这些志愿者无私地帮助这些孩子们。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：感谢创始人Mr. Chasan和一群无私的志愿者，孩子们在一小群助教的关注下，度过了富有成效的下午，制作手工艺品，打篮球，学习小提琴和园艺。A. casually随机地；B. formally正式地；C. smoothly顺利地；D. productively富有成效地。根据下文中的“…making crafts, playing basketball, learning violin and gardening…”可知，孩子们参加做手工，打篮球，学习小提琴和园艺这些富有成效的活动。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：感谢创始人Mr. Chasan和一群无私的志愿者，孩子们在一小群助教的关注下，度过了富有成效的下午，制作手工艺品，打篮球，学习小提琴和园艺。A. control控制；B. attention注意；C. protection保护；D. admiration钦佩。根据下文中的“…a small army of tutors (助教).”可知，志愿者是帮助孩子们的，那孩子们应该在助教的关注之下。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然有规律的课后运作受到 COVID-19 的影响，但Mr. Chasan仍在计划推进该计划，以造福更多有需要的儿童。A. costly昂贵的；B. occasional偶然的；C. regular有规律的；D. dull无聊的。根据下文中的“…after-school operations have been affected by COVID-19”可知，新冠病毒影响了有规律的课后活动运作。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然正常的课后运作受到 COVID-19 的影响，但Mr. Chasan仍在计划发展该计划，以造福更多有需要的儿童。A. choose选择；B. replace取代；C. quit放弃；D. advance发展。根据上文中的“While the ___11___after-school operations have been affected by COVID-19,…”以及下文中的“…for the benefit of more children in need”可知，尽管受到新冠病毒的影响，但是为了更多孩子的需要，Chasan先生决定继续推动该项目。故选D项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们的目标是帮助这些孩子打破贫困的恶性循环——找到一份好工作，获得成功，” Mr. Chasan说。A. goal目标；B. request请求；C. problem问题；D. profession职业。根据下文中的“…to help these kids break the cycle of ___14__ —to have a good job, to be a success,”可知，此处应该是Mr. Chasan建立这个项目的目标。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们的目标是帮助这些孩子打破贫困的恶性循环——找到一份好工作，获得成功，”Chasan先生说。A. violence暴力；B. addiction上瘾；C. poverty贫穷；D. anxiety焦虑。根据上文中的“He saw a need in the lower-income neighborhoods near his home…”以及下文中的“…to have a good job, to be a success,”可知，Chasan想要打破孩子们以前的贫困，让他们能够找一份好工作，最终取得成功。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这份工作并不容易，但回报可能很大。A. honour荣耀；B. reward奖励；C. demand需求；D. result结果。根据上文中的“…to have a good job, to be a success”再结合上文中的“The work isn’t easy, but…”可知，虽然这项工作不易，但是回报可能很大。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In southern China, there is a famous road built across Poyang Lake, which lies in the north of Jiangxi Province, China and is known as China’s second largest lake. People in China also call it “____51____ most beautiful road under the water.”
This road is sure ____52____ (attract) a lot of attention towards the end of May every year. A lot of people come out of ____53____ (curious). The water level of the lake is so close to the surface of the road, ____54____ (make) the view ahead broad and bright when people drive along. It’s as though they ____55____ (be) taking a boat across the lake. The feeling is ____56____ (simple) wonderful!
It is for the next few months ____57____ this road is not above the surface but under the water. When the water level of Poyang Lake starts to go up, the road surface becomes ____58____ (see). However, drivers can still drive across the lake safely by watching the guardrails (防撞护栏) fixed on either side of the road. For motorists who desire a strong feeling of excitement, it’s ____59____ driving an amphibious (水陆两栖的) super car. Then in a few days, the entire road _____60_____ (flood) with the continuously rising water. A few months later, the road will reappear.
【答案】51. the
52. to attract
53. curiosity
54. making 55. were
56. simply 57. that
58. unseen##unseeable
59. like 60. will be flooded
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是位于江西省北部横跨鄱阳湖的一条道路，该路被中国人称为“最美水下之路”。
【51题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国人也称它为“水下最美路”。分析句子可知，此空后为形容词最高级，所以应在最高级前面加定冠词the。故填the。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这条路肯定会在每年5月底吸引很多关注。分析句子可知，此处应填非谓语动词，be sure to do sth.意为“一定会……”，所以此空填不定式结构。故填to attract。
【53题详解】
考查名词。句意：很多人是出于好奇。分析句子可知，此空位于介词之后，需填名词作宾语，out of curiosity意为“处于好奇”。故填curiosity。
54题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：湖水的水位如此接近路面，当人们开车时，前方的景色开阔而明亮。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，make与其逻辑主语为主动关系，空前有逗号，不能使用不定式结构，所以使用现在分词结构。故填making。
【55题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：就好像他们乘船过湖一样。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，结合句意可知，as if后面为虚拟语气，表示与现在情况相反，谓语动词用did，be动词使用were。故填were。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：这种感觉简直太棒了！分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰形容词。故填simply。
【57题详解】
考查强调句。句意：在接下来的几个月里，这条路不是在水面以上，而是在水下。分析句子可知，此处为强调句型结构，强调的是时间状语，所以此处应为that。故填that。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当鄱阳湖水位开始上升时，路面就变得看不见了。分析句子可知此处为形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“看不见的”。故填unseen/unseeable。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意：对于渴望强烈刺激感的驾驶者来说，这就像驾驶水陆两栖的超级跑车。分析句子可知，此空位于系动词之后，doing之前，所以此处需填介词，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“像……一样”符合句意。故填like。
【60题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：那么再过几天，整条路就会被不断上涨的水淹没。分析句子可知，此处应为填动词的谓语形式，根据时间状语in a few days以及全文主时态为一般现在时态可知，该谓语应使用一般将来时态，主语road与flood之间为被动关系。故填will be flooded。
第四部分 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据首字母提示或汉语提示用单词的适当形式填空，答题卡上请填写完整的单词。
61. It is our ________ (责任）to live a low-carbon life. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】responsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：过低碳生活是我们的责任。根据汉语提示可知应填名词responsibility，作表语。故填responsibility。
62. He fought the illness with courage and________ (决心、毅力).（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】determination
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他用勇气和决心与疾病作斗争。根据汉语提示“决心，毅力”，以及上文courage and可知此处应填名词，作with的宾语，且与courage构成并列结构。“决心，毅力”用determination表示。 故填determination。
63. It was quite a pity that Harry’s ambitious plans ended in ______ (失败). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】failure
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：很遗憾，哈里雄心勃勃的计划以失败告终。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，名词failure符合题意，此处为抽象概念，不可数。故填failure。
64. In my view, taking the unknown route is more __________ (具有挑战性的). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】challenging
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在我看来，走未知的路线更具挑战性。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作表语。表示“具有挑战性的”用形容词challenging。故填challenging。
65. ______________(压力)is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness. （根据汉语意思单词拼写）
【答案】Stress
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：压力往往是形成长期疾病的一个因素。根据所给汉语意思，应该是名词stress在句中作主语；表抽象意义，不可数。故填Stress。
66. In most countries, marriage without ________ (登记) is not recognized by law. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】registration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在大多数国家，没有登记的婚姻不被法律承认。介词without后接名词形式，在句中作宾语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填registration。
67. See the bottom of this page for ______ (详情) of how to apply for this exciting offer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】details
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：有关如何申请这项令人兴奋的优惠的详细信息，请参阅本页底部。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，名词detail符合题意，可数名词，无不定冠词修饰，用复数形式。故填details。
68. It is difficult to make a ______ (对比) with her previous book — they are completely different. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】comparison
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：很难与她以前的书进行比较——它们完全不同。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作宾语，根据汉语提示“对比”可知，空格处应用名词comparison，make a comparison意为“进行比较”。故填comparison。
69. Parents should encourage their children to spend more free time ________ (探索） the unknown world.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】exploring
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：父母应该鼓励孩子花更多的空闲时间去探索未知的世界。探索为explore，spend +时间+（in）doing sth，故填动名词exploring。故填exploring。
70. Graduates have to fight for a job in a highly c______ market.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】competitive##ompetitive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：毕业生必须在竞争激烈的市场中争取工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词market，结合句意和首字母提示，competitive意为“竞争的”符合句意。故填competitive。
71. The push-up exercises are designed to s______ your muscles. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】strengthen##trengthen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：俯卧撑练习旨在增强您的肌肉。分析句子结构可知，此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以应填动词原形，结合句意和首字母提示可知，此处应为strengthen“增强，加强”。故填strengthen。
72. I don’t know what to read, could you please r______ something to me? (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】recommend##ecommend
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我不知道读什么，你能给我推荐一些吗？结合句意和首字母提示可知，动词recommend“推荐”符合题意，本句为一般疑问句，空处填动词原形。故填recommend。
73. Many job a ______ do not know how to write an appealing cover letter. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】applicants##pplicants
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多求职者不知道如何写一封有吸引力的求职信。根据句意和首字母提示可知，名词applicant“申请人”符合题意，作主语，被many修饰，applicant应用复数形式。故填applicants。
74. The country’s o______ language is Spanish, but English is also widely spoken. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】official##fficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：该国的官方语言是西班牙语，但也有很多人说英语。根据句意和首字母提示可知，形容词official“官方的”符合题意，作定语，修饰名词language。故填official。
75. It was so impolite for you to shout at your parents even though you got angry, so you should make an apology to them for your rude b______.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】behavior##ehavior
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：即使你生气了，你对父母大喊大叫也是太不礼貌了，所以你应该为你粗鲁的行为向他们道歉。分析句子结构可知，此空位于形容词之后，应填名词做介词的宾语，结合句意和首字母提示可知，此处为behavior意为“行为”符合句意，且根据句意可知此处指的是“对父母大喊大叫”这一行为，所以用单数。故填behavior。
第五部分 书面表达(共1题;满分20分)
76. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike刚进入高中，觉得学习压力大，心情沮丧，写信向你征求建议，请你给他回一封信，内容包括：
1.表示理解；
2.给出两条建议和理由；
3.你的祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已为你写好(不计入总词数)：
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
Knowing that you are experiencing stress and depression due to the new high school life, I understand your confusion and struggle. Therefore, I am writing to offer you some suggestions to help you deal with this situation.
Firstly, to ease your stress on study, it is a wise choice to consult with your teachers about your challenges in each subject, which enables you to receive the most effective and suitable solutions from them. Besides, it is highly recommended that you develop a habit of regular exercise, since sport is a universally tested method to relax your body and mind. In this way, not only can you turn negative emotions into beads of sweat, but also you will feel refreshed and dynamic to defeat pressure and anxiety.
I hope my advice will be of some help to you, and that you can gradually overcome your difficulties through your efforts.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给刚进入高中的英国笔友Mike写信，就他觉得学习压力大，心情沮丧的情况给出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：stress→pressure
给某人提供某物：offer sb. sth.→provide sb. with sth.
应对：deal with→handle/cope with
克服：overcome→get over
2.句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Therefore, I am writing to offer you some suggestions to help you deal with this situation.
拓展句：Therefore, I am writing to offer you some suggestions which I think will help you deal with this situation.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Knowing that you are experiencing stress and depression due to the new high school life, I understand your confusion and struggle. （运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Firstly, to ease your stress on study, it is a wise choice to consult with your teachers about your challenges in each subject, which enables you to receive the most effective and suitable solutions from them. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）