2022-2023学年山东省菏泽市高一上学期期中考试英语试题（B）（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年山东省菏泽市高一上学期期中考试英语试题（B）（解析版），共23页。

2022—2023学年度第一学期期中考试
高一英语试题(B)
注意事项：
1. 本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生务必将姓名、班级等个人信息填写在答题卡指定位置。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题 卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答。超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman also want to be?
A. A director. B. An actress. C. A songwriter.
2. What will Sam do tonight?
A. Take a flight. B. Attend a party. C. Have a meeting.
3. What does the man suggest they do first?
A. Eat something. B. Get out of town. C. Take some medicine.
4. What does the man like about the woman’s shirt?
A. The price. B. The color. C. The material.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Clothing. B. Weather. C. Body temperature.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What will the speakers do next?
A. Go to the concert. B. Do some exercise. C. Have coffee with some people.
7. When is the man’s next class?
A. In an hour. B. In half an hour. C. In one and a half hours.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Co-workers. B. Family members. C. Teacher and student.
9. What will the man do first after he quits his job?
A. Study abroad. B. Go traveling. C. Find a new one.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What kind of soup might the woman make?
A. Vegetable soup. B. Chicken soup. C. Cheese soup.
11. What is the weather like this week?
A. Cold. B. Cool. C. Hot.
12. In which area is the dessert located?
A. Area 3. B. Area 4. C. Area 7.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What do the speakers talk about first?
A. The man’s favorite actor.
B. The man’s favorite country.
C. The woman’s favorite movie.
14. What impresses the man most about Tokyo?
A. The weather. B. The people. C. The food.
15. What does the woman think of Barcelona?
A. The city is noisy. B. The life is colorful. C. The cost of living is high.
16. What does the woman like doing at the seaside?
A. Reading. B. Playing volleyball. C. Having a barbecue.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the speaker?
A. A writer. B. A reporter. C. An editor.
18. What is necessary for a volunteer to have?
A. Experience. B. High scores. C. Speaking skills.
19. What’s the best reason for taking the job?
A. To have fun. B. To make money. C. To know more people.
20. When are volunteers expected to talk to the speaker?
A Next week. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Right after the meeting.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A. Her social work.
B. Her teaching skills.
C. Her efforts to win a prize.
D. Her community background.
2. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?
A. Her lack of proper training in law.
B. Her little work experience in court.
C. The discrimination against women.
D. The poor financial conditions.
3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?
A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.
C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Parks.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对人类发展产生重大影响的四位女性Jane Addams、Rachel Carson、Sandra Day O’Connor以及Rosa Parks的故事，赞扬她们为人类进步所做出的巨大贡献。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.可知，任何一个得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。由此可知，正是Jane Addams推动了社会工作的发展，她才因此而出名。故A正确。
2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，1952年，Sandra Day O’Connor在斯坦福大学法学院以全班第三名的成绩毕业，因为是女性，她在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知，律师事务所拒绝O’Connor主要是因为她是一位女性，也就是对妇女的歧视。故C项正确。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一句It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.可知，它持续了一年多，拉开了民权运动的序幕。“我唯一感到疲倦的是，我厌倦了放弃，”Parks说。由此可知，正是因为Rosa Parks的努力，美国的民权运动才得以推进，她对美国的人权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故D项正确。
【点睛】本文属于人物传记类的短文，此类文章通常较为简单，解题方法也较为清晰。可以先看问题，再带着问题仔细阅读短文，理解了全文内容，很容易选出正确答案。在解题时要特别关注题干中的关键词，如小题3题干中提及the civil-rights movement in the U.S(美国的民权运动)，再结合文章最后两句It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks. 可知，它持续了一年多，拉开了民权运动的序幕。“我唯一感到疲倦的是，我厌倦了放弃，”Parks说。由此可知，正是因为Rosa Parks的努力，美国的民权运动才得以推进，她对美国的人权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故D项正确。
B
By any standard, Dr. Seuss’ Oh, The Places You ‘ll Go! is a great book. And Martin is hardly the first parent to buy the book for his graduating high-school. But Martin did something special—he added to the book’s pages 13 years’ worth of hand-written teachers’ comments and impressions about his daughter, Brenna.
When Martin first told Brenna, 18, that he had a present for her, Brenna thought she was getting some graduation card. But then she opened the book and realized that it was filled with personal memories. “Every year, for the past 13 years, since the day you started kindergarten (幼儿园)I’ve gotten every teacher to write something about you inside this book,” he told her. Brenna’s eyes were filled with hot tears.
She described her happiness at her graduation gift online, “He managed to keep this book a secret for 13 years, and surely everyone else in my life knew about it! I was moved to tears. Sitting there reading through this book there are encouraging and sweet words from every teacher I love and remember through my years in this small town. My early teachers mention my ‘laughs’ while my high school teachers mention my ‘smart’. But they all mention my humor and love for life. It is astounding to receive something this touching and thoughtful. I can’t express how much I love my Dad for this labor of love”.
Millions of people have checked out Brenna’s Internet message on her father’s gift, which has been considered “unbelievable” and the “best graduation gift ever”. It sure beats a bunch of roses.
4. What did Brenna find after opening the book?
A. An unusual graduation card.
B. A picture of beautiful roses.
C. Her teachers’ words about her.
D Her parents’ personal memories.
5. Which is the teachers’ common impression on Brenna?
A. Clever. B. Humorous.
C. Thoughtful D. Hardworking.
6. What does the underlined word “astounding” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Amazing. B. Important.
C. Impossible. D. Helpful.
7. What can be the best title for the text?
A. A family full of love.
B. Daughter’s thanks to Dad.
C. A great book by Dr. Seuss.
D. Dad’s secret graduation gift.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这是一个暖心的故事，讲述了一个父亲在13年里坚持为女儿收集老师们对她的评语并添加到一本书里，在女儿高中毕业时作为礼物送给女儿，女儿惊喜而感动。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But Martin did something special—he added to the book’s pages 13 years’ worth of hand-written teachers’ comments and impressions about his daughter, Brenna.(但是马丁做了一件特别的事——他把13年来老师们手写的对他女儿布伦娜的评价和印象加到了书的每一页)”可知，父亲在书页中加入了13年来女儿老师们给与女儿的评价和印象，女儿打开书就会看到。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“My early teachers mention my ‘laughs’ while my high school teachers mention my ‘smart’. But they all mention my humor and love for life.(我早期的老师提到我的“笑”，而我的高中老师提到我的“聪明”。但他们都提到了我的幽默和对生活的热爱)”可知，“幽默”是所有老师对Brenna的共同印象。故选B项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段末“Brenna’s eyes were filled with hot tears.( 布伦娜热泪盈眶)”及第三段“I was moved to tears.(我感动得流下了眼泪)”末句“I can’t express how much I love my Dad for this labor of love(我无法表达我有多爱我的父亲，因为他的爱)”及划线词后的主语“to receive something this touching and thoughtful(收到这么感人又贴心的礼物)”可知，Brenna认为这个礼物是很令人惊喜的。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But Martin did something special—he added to the book’s pages 13 years’ worth of hand-written teachers’ comments and impressions about his daughter, Brenna.(但是马丁做了一件特别的事——他把13年来老师们手写的对他女儿布伦娜的评价和印象加到了书的每一页)”及第二段“ When Martin first told Brenna, 18, that he had a present for her, Brenna thought she was getting some graduation card. But then she opened the book and realized that it was filled with personal memories.(当马丁第一次告诉18岁的布伦娜他有一份礼物给她时，布伦娜以为她收到了什么毕业卡片。但当她打开这本书，意识到它充满了个人的回忆)”及第三段“He managed to keep this book a secret for 13 years, and surely everyone else in my life knew about it! I was moved to tears.(他设法把这本书保密了13年，我身边的每个人肯定都知道)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个父亲在女儿高中毕业之际送给他一份特殊的礼物，包含深深地爱，女儿非常感动。所以D项Dad’s secret graduation gift.(父亲的秘密的毕业礼物)综述了全文主要内容。故选D项。
C
I remember my teen years when all I wanted was to put on weight. Growing up, I was always on the thinner side and try as I could, I never seemed to put on the kilos. I would admire the chubbier (丰满的) girls and wished to be like them.
Now I realize I had weighed my self-worth on how I looked. I had also sent out a message saying that I wasn’t good enough because of my body size, not realizing that we train others how to treat us.
Today, I’m comfortable in my skin, and I have learnt the art of self-love. And yes, I did put on the kilos years later after childbirth, but I lost them at the gym, and I am happy with myself. This got me thinking about the number of people today who want to look like someone else. They look in the mirror and don’t like what they see. They are always in search of a different self!
Learn to fall in love with yourself. Learn to value yourself. If you do not like something about yourself, why not work out to get to your ideal (理想的) body type? This not only increases your confidence, but you no longer have to wear those ugly tops to hide your stomach. Invest (投资) in self-improvement courses if you have to.
Learn to say No. You do not have to present yourself for every party or appointment. Give yourself space to breathe. As women, we are taught to take care of everyone else but ourselves. We get worn out raising our families and balancing our private lives with our careers, and rarely have time for ourselves. At the end of the day, we are so worn-out; everyone else is happy but us. When you are tired, take enough time to rest. Remember, you cannot pour out of an empty cup. Every so often, take time to refill your cup.
8. What do we know about the author as a teenager?
A She put on weight easily.
B. She was laughed at by others.
C. She was unsatisfied with her figure.
D. She was good at controlling her weight.
9. What does the author look like now?
A. Slim. B. Black.
C. Chubber. D. Rough-skinned.
10. What should people unsatisfied with themselves do in the author’s opinion?
A. Model themselves on others.
B. Improve themselves if necessary.
C. Compare themselves with other people.
D. Accept what they are and be themselves.
11. What does the author argue about?
A. Women should saying no to parties.
B. Women should learn to love themselves.
C. Women should balance the life and work.
D. Women should take good care of their family.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者在青少年时期对自己的体型不满意，随着年龄的增大，作者学会了爱自己。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I remember my teen years when all I wanted was to put on weight. (我记得我十几岁的时候，我只想增加体重)”及“I would admire the chubbier (丰满的) girls and wished to be like them.(我会羡慕那些胖乎乎的女孩，希望自己能像她们一样)”可推知，作者十几岁的时候，对自己的身材不满意。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Growing up, I was always on the thinner side and try as I could, I never seemed to put on the kilos. (从小到大，我一直都很瘦，我尽我所能，但我似乎从来没有增加过体重)”及第三段中的“And yes, I did put on the kilos years later after childbirth, but I lost them at the gym, and I am happy with myself.(是的，在生完孩子几年后，我确实增加了几公斤，但我在健身房减掉了，我对自己很满意)”可知，作者的体重没有增加。由此可知，作者现在仍然是苗条的。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Learn to fall in love with yourself. Learn to value yourself. If you do not like something about yourself, why not work out to get to your ideal (理想的) body type? This not only increases your confidence, but you no longer have to wear those ugly tops to hide your stomach. (会爱上自己。学会珍惜自己。如果你不喜欢自己的某些方面，为什么不通过锻炼达到理想的体型呢？这不仅能增加你的自信，而且你再也不用穿那些难看的上衣来掩盖你的肚子了)”可知，在作者看来，对自己不满意的人应该在必要时提高自己。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Today, I’m comfortable in my skin, and I have learnt the art of self-love.(今天，我很自在，也学会了自爱的艺术)”及第四段中的“Learn to fall in love with yourself. Learn to value yourself.(会爱上自己。学会珍惜自己)”可推知，作者认为女人应该学会爱自己。。故选B。
D
Giving children music lessons won’t just introduce them to music — it could also greatly improve their language skills but it isn’t understood if this is a side effect of a general improvement of cognitive (认知的) skills, or something that directly affects language processing.
Now, we are getting closer to an answer, thanks to a study of 74 Chinese kindergarten children, led by Robert Desimone from MIT. For the study, Desimone’s team chose children from the Chinese education system, with the support of education officials who wanted to see how it might improve their learning.
The 4 to 5-year-old Mandarin-speaking children in the study were divided into three groups. One group received a 45-minute piano lesson three times a week, while another received extra reading instruction classes. The third group acted as controls, taking no extra lessons beyond their usual classes.
The classes lasted for six months, after which the children were tested on their ability to tell words based on differences in tones, consonants (辅音), or vowels (元音). The test results showed that the children who had taken piano lessons performed better at telling the difference between words that differ by a single consonant, when compared with the children who took extra reading lessons. Compared to the control group, both the music learners and the extra reading group did better in telling the difference between words based on vowel differences.
“It looks like for recognizing differences between sounds, including speech sounds, ifs better than extra reading. That means schools could pay more attention to music,” Desimone says. “It’s not worse than giving extra reading to the children, which is probably what many schools are trying to do — get rid of the art education and just have more reading.”
12. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Learning music. B. The Chinese education.
C. A study of children’s schooling. D. Improvement of cognitive skills.
13. What did the third group learn in the study?
A. Ways to improve their study.
B. Extra lessons about reading tips.
C. Three extra piano lessons a week.
D. Nothing else except their usual studies.
14. Which was one of the results of the study?
A. Learning music determined kids’ interest in study.
B. The piano played a key part in kids’ learning.
C. Children taking piano lessons didn’t perform well.
D. The extra reading group were good at telling vowels.
15. What can we conclude from what Desimone says?
A. Many schools value art education.
B. Schools will increase reading classes.
C. It isn’t wise to cut back on music lessons.
D. Children who learn music perform better at school.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究表明，让孩子上音乐课不仅会将他们引入旋律的世界，而且还会显著提高他们的语言技能。学校不应该削减音乐课程，而应该更加关注音乐课程。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Giving children music lessons won’t just introduce them to music — it could also greatly improve their language skills but it isn’t understood if this is a side effect of a general improvement of cognitive (认知的) skills, or something that directly affects language processing.(给孩子上音乐课不仅能让他们接触音乐，还能极大地提高他们的语言技能，但目前尚不清楚这是认知技能普遍提高的副作用，还是直接影响语言处理)”及划线词所在句“For the study, Desimone’s team chose children from the Chinese education system, with the support of education officials who wanted to see how it might improve their learning.(在这项研究中，Desimone的团队选择了来自中国教育系统的孩子，并得到了教育官员的支持，他们想知道它将如何提高他们的学习能力)”可推知，划线“it”指代的是上文中的“学习音乐”，即学习音乐是如何提升学习的。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The third group acted as controls, taking no extra lessons beyond their usual classes.(第三组作为对照组，除了平时的课程外，没有额外的课程)”可知，第三组除了平常的课程外，没有额外的课程。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Compared to the control group, both the music learners and the extra reading group did better in telling the difference between words based on vowel differences.(与对照组相比，音乐学习者和额外阅读组在基于元音差异的单词区分方面都做得更好)”可知，额外阅读组擅长分辨元音。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““It looks like for recognizing differences between sounds, including speech sounds, ifs better than extra reading. That means schools could pay more attention to music,” Desimone says. “It’s not worse than giving extra reading to the children, which is probably what many schools are trying to do — get rid of the art education and just have more reading.”(“看起来，识别声音之间的差异，包括语音，比额外的阅读更好。这意味着学校可以更加关注音乐，”Desimone说。“这并不比给孩子们额外的阅读更糟糕，这可能是许多学校正在尝试做的事——取消艺术教育，只给他们更多的阅读。”)”可知，在识别声音之间的差异方面，包括语音，学习音乐比学习阅读要好，但是许多学校正在努力取消艺术教育，增加阅读。由此推知，Desimone认为减少音乐课是不明智的。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。
Meeting new people is a great way to enrich your experiences, enlarge your social circle — or exchange it for a new one. Most of us are looking to make regular friends and if possible, true, soul friends. ____16____
Identify opportunities. We let chances to make friends pass us by every day. ____17____ Instead of forcing a little small talk with your kindly neighbours, ask them in for a cup of tea and get to know them...You’ll be surprised by how many potential friends there already are in your orbit.
____18____ Joining a group, club or class is an effective way to meet people. Pursue a skill you are interested in, because then you will have a good time and feel more comfortable to start a conversation.
Allow yourself to be vulnerable (易受伤害的). ____19____ What if your overtures (主动表示) are refused? A degree of vulnerability is needed in trying to start friendships. To put it plainly, keeping yourself to yourself isn’t going to help you. Letting others in on plans is simple ways to share, which will help build closeness and trust.
Use technology wisely. Social media can be of great help to make friends. Apps can be a good starting point, as can platforms. ____20____ The more we depend on apps, the less practice we have with the kinds of conversations and experiences that really allow us to create close friendships.
A. Follow our interests.
B. Turn to community for help.
C. Here are some ways to get out there.
D It can be frightening trying to make friends.
E. But they do not replace personal communication.
F. They’re perfect ways of enlarging your social circle.
G. Have the courage to take small steps when opportunities arise.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是结交朋友的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Most of us are looking to make regular friends and if possible, true, soul friends.(我们大多数人都想交普通的朋友，如果可能的话，真心的朋友)”可知，空格后介绍了几种方法，故C选项“这里有一些方法可以让你达到目标”符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“We let chances to make friends pass us by every day.(我们每天都让交朋友的机会溜走)”可知，说我们不该让这样的机会溜走，要采取行动，以及后文“Instead of forcing a little small talk with your kindly neighbors, ask them in for a cup of tea and get to know them...(不要强迫你善良的邻居和你闲聊，而是请他们进来喝杯茶，了解他们……)”说的是具体可以采取的行动，故G选项“当机会来临时，有勇气迈出一小步”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，根据后文“Joining a group, club or class is an effective way to meet people. Pursue a skill you are enthusiastic about, because then you will have a good time and feel more at ease striking up a conversation.(加入一个团体、俱乐部或班级是认识人的有效方式。追求一项你感兴趣的技能，因为这样你会有一段愉快的时光，在开始一段对话时也会感到更轻松)”可知，本段主要讲的是要找到自己喜欢的事情，故A选项“跟随你的兴趣”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据后文“What if your overtures (主动表示) are rejected?(如果你的提议被拒绝了怎么办？)”可知，空格处会说主动和人交朋友可能会害怕被人拒绝。故D选项“交朋友可能会让人害怕。”符合语境，故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Apps can be a good starting point, as can platforms.(应用程序可以是一个很好的起点，社交平台也一样)”以及后文“The more we rely on apps, the less practice we have with the kinds of conversations and experiences that really allow us to create close friendships.(我们越是依赖应用程序，我们在真正能让我们建立亲密友谊的对话和体验方面的实践就越少)”可知，空格处应说应用程序不能代替面对面的交流。故E选项“但它们不能取代个人互动”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共四节，满分45分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下而短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last week, I drove to Joe’s Hardware to get a few items. Upon returning to my ___21___ , I noticed a cat underneath and bent down to investigate. At this point, my wallet fell off—but I didn’t notice it was ___22___ until about an hour later. I returned to the Hardware, asked ___23___ and tore my car inside out. Nothing. I lost my wallet.
After this fact sank in, I was about to call the bank and have them ___24___ me a new credit card when a little voice inside my head said, “Whoa! ___25___ . Someone must have picked it up. A(n) ___26___ citizen, just like you. What would she or he do?”
So I held back and I was going to give it a day. Then, early that evening, I was surfing the Internet for a new ___27___ when I heard a knock on the door. There was a man who I did not ___28___ . Could it be?
After we exchanged greetings, he ___29___ me my wallet. He found it in the parking lot, thought of dropping it off at Joe’s Hardware but ___30___ to drive over and return it ___31___ .
He told me his ___32___ , but I was overcome with emotion and cannot be 100% sure. I think it was David. I offered him a cash reward ___33___ he refused. He was just a regular guy doing the ___34___ thing.
David, thank you so much for returning my wallet and reinforcing (加强) my ___35___ that there are some good and honest people around.
21. A. car B. home C. bank D. shop
22. A. broken B. empty C. stolen D. missing
23. A. aloud B. outdoors C. around D. online
24. A. loan B. send C. show D. pass
25. A. Come on B. Cheer up C. Slow down D. Look out
26. A. average B. generous C. joyful D. capable
27. A. cat B. wallet C. car D. card
28. A. doubt B. admire C. recognize D. remember
29. A. awarded B. found C. brought D. handed
30. A. happened B. decided C. intended D. hesitated
31. A. in person B. at once C. at last D. in response
32. A. age B. hobby C. name D. job
33. A. or B. so C. and D. but
34. A. easy B. right C. unusual D. typical
35. A. belief B. idea C. purpose D. determination
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者丢失了钱包，本来想打电话给银行让他们寄一张新的信用卡，但是作者突然想到可能会有人捡到钱包并归还。所以作者决定等一等。结果真的有人捡到了钱包并还给了作者，这让作者相信世上还是好人多。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我回到车上时，我注意到下面有只猫，我弯下腰去查看。A. car汽车；B. home家；C. bank银行；D. shop商店。根据上文“Last week, I drove to Joe’s Hardware to get a few items.”和下文“I noticed a cat underneath and bent down to investigate”可知，此处是指作者回到车上。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，我的钱包掉了下来——但直到大约一小时后我才发现它不见了。A. broken破碎的；B. empty空的；C. stolen被偷的；D. missing失踪的。根据后文“Nothing. I lost my wallet.”可知，此处是指直到大约一小时后作者才发现钱包不见了。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我回到五金店，四处打听，把我的车翻了个底朝天。A. aloud大声地；B. outdoors在户外；C. around周围；D. online在网上。根据前文“asked”可知，作者的钱包不见了，所以作者四处打听，ask around是固定搭配，意为“到处询问”。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到这一点后，我正准备打电话给银行，让他们寄给我一张新的信用卡，这时我脑海里有一个声音说，“哇，等等”。A. loan借出；B. send送；C. show展示；D. pass通过。根据前文“call the bank”可知，此处是指作者打电话给银行让他们寄给作者一张新的信用卡。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我意识到这一点后，我正准备打电话给银行，让他们寄给我一张新的信用卡，这时我脑海里有一个声音说，“哇，等等”。A. Come on来吧，快点；B. Cheer up振作起来；C. Slow down慢下来；D. Look out当心。根据下段“So I held back and I was going to give it a day.”可知，此处是指慢一点，先等等，先不给银行打电话。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个普通公民，就像你一样。A. average普通的；B. generous大方的；C. joyful快乐的；D. capable能干的。根据后文“just like you”可知，此处指大家都是普通公民。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，那天晚上早些时候，我正在上网寻找一个新的钱包，这时我听到了敲门声。A. cat猫；B. wallet钱包；C. car汽车；D. card卡片。根据前文描述可知，因为作者钱包丢了，所以作者打算在网上买一个新的。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个我不认识的人。A. doubt怀疑；B. admire钦佩；C. recognize认识；D. remember记得。根据“I think it was David.”可知，此处是指有一个作者不认识的人。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们互相问候之后，他把我的钱包递给了我。A. awarded颁奖；B. found发现；C. brought带来；D. handed递给。根据“After we exchanged greetings”和后文“He found it in the parking lot”可知，此处是指在互相问候之后他把作者的钱包递给了作者。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在停车场发现了它，想把它送到乔的五金店，但决定开车过来亲自归还。A. happened发生；B. decided决定；C. intended意图；D. hesitated犹豫。根据“After we exchanged greetings, he handed me my wallet.”可知，此处是指捡到作者钱包的人决定开车过来亲自归还。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他在停车场发现了它，想把它送到乔的五金店，但决定开车过来亲自归还。A. in person亲自；B. at once马上； C. at last最终；D. in response作为回应。根据前文“when I heard a knock on the door.”可知，那人亲自把作者的钱包送来了。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉了我他的名字，但我情绪激动，不能百分百确定。A. age年龄；B. hobby爱好；C. name名字；D. job工作。根据“I think it was David.”可知，他告诉了作者他的名字。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我提出给他现金奖励，但他拒绝了。A. or或者； B. so因此；C. and和；D. but但是。根据前后句意可知，此处表示转折关系，需用连词but。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他只是一个做正确事情的普通人。A. easy简单的；B. right正确的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. typical典型的。根据前一句“I offered him a cash reward______13______he refused.”可知，那人拒绝了作者的谢意；由此可知，他认为把作者的钱包还给作者是正确的。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：大卫，非常感谢你把我的钱包还给了我，让我更加相信世界上还有善良诚实的人。A. belief信念；B. idea想法；C. purpose目的；D. determination决心。根据后文“there are some good and honest people around.”可知，大卫把作者的钱包还给了作者，这让作者更加相信世界上还有善良诚实的人。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment. These findings come from a new report in the journal Nature.
David Tilman, a professor of ecology at the University of Minnesota, America, examined information from 100 countries ____36____ (identify) what people ate and ____37____ diet affected health. He noted a movement beginning in the 1960s. He found that as nations industrialized (工业化), the population increased and earnings rose, more people began to look on the Western diet as ____38____ (they) daily diet.
The Western diet is high in sugar, fat, oil ____39____ meat. By ____40____ (eat) these foods, people began to get fatter and sicker. David Tilman says overweight people are at ____41____ (great) risk of non - infectious diseases like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease.
____42____ (unfortunate) when people adopt this Western diet, they are going to have these health problems, especially in developing countries in Asia. China is ____43____ example where the number of diabetes ____44____ (case) has been jumping from less than one per cent to 10 per cent of the population as they began to industrialize over a 20-year period. And that _____45_____ (happen ) all across the world, in Mexico, in Nigeria and so on.
【答案】36. to identify
37. how 38. their
39. and 40. eating
41. greater
42. Unfortunately
43. an 44. cases
45. is happening
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了西方饮食习惯在世界各地尤其发展中国家的传播及其对这些国家人民健康和环境都是不利的。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：美国明尼苏达大学的生态学教授大卫·蒂尔曼(David Tilman)研究了来自100个国家的信息，以确定人们吃什么以及饮食如何影响健康。该空所给动词identify在句中作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式。故填to identify。
【37题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：美国明尼苏达大学的生态学教授大卫·蒂尔曼(David Tilman)研究了来自100个国家的信息，以确定人们吃什么以及饮食如何影响健康。分析句子，该空需要一个连接词引导宾语从句与what they ate并列，且从句中主谓宾句子成分完整，根据句意，教授研究饮食是怎样影响健康的，缺少方式状语，应填how。故填how。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：他发现，随着国家工业化，人口增加，收入增加，越来越多的人开始把西方饮食作为他们的日常饮食。在介词as的宾语中，daily diet缺少限定词，所给人称代词they应使用物主代词修饰名词。故填their。
【39题详解】
考查并列连词。句意：西方饮食高糖、高脂肪、高油、高肉。空前名词 sugar, fat, oil 与空后名词meat应是并列作介词in的宾语。故填and。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通过吃这些食物，人们开始变得更胖，更虚弱。所给动词eat在句中作介词by的宾语，应使用动名词形式。故填eating。
【41题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：大卫·蒂尔曼说，超重的人患糖尿病和心脏病等非传染性疾病的风险更大。分析句子，该空需要形容词作定语，根据句意，句子是在比较体重超重人群和正常体重的人群的健康风险，所以应填形容词比较级形式。故填greater。
【42题详解】
考查副词。不幸的是，当人们采用这种西方饮食时，他们就会出现这些健康问题，特别是在亚洲的发展中国家。句首需填一个副词，修饰整个句子。句意：故填Unfortunately。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：中国就是一个例子，在20年的时间里，随着中国开始工业化，糖尿病病例占总人口的比例从不足1%飙升至10%。空后名词example为可数名词，中国是其中一个例子，为泛指，应填不定冠词an。故填an。
【44题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：中国就是一个例子，在20年的时间里，随着中国开始工业化，糖尿病病例占总人口的比例从不足1%飙升至10%。所给词case是可数名词，意为“病例”，在句中指糖尿病病例，应使用复数形式作介词of的宾语。故填cases。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。句意：这在世界各地都在发生，在墨西哥，在尼日利亚等等。所给动词happen在句中作谓语，指由于工业化糖尿病病例飙升这种现象目前一直在发生，应使用现在进行时，主语为单数。故填is happening。
第三节 单词拼写(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)
根据汉语及首字母提示出单词的正确形式，每空只填一词。
46. What learning s________ (策略) do you and your partner share?(根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】strategies##trategies
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你和你的搭档分享什么学习策略？根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词strategy，由空后 you and your partner可知，策略不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填strategies。
47. People speak in a more polite way in f________ (正式的) situations. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】formal##ormal
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在正式场合，人们说话更有礼貌。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词formal，修饰名词situations，作定语。故填formal。

48. I’ll have to study harder and get used to being r________ (有责任的) for a lot more. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】responsible##esponsible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我必须更加努力学习，习惯承担更多的责任。分析句子，该空需要一个形容词作表语，结合汉语提示及首字母r可知，形容词responsible符合题意。故填responsible。
49. It’s not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be a________ (吸引) to computer games and online world. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】attracted##ttracted
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：对你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引是很正常的。分析句子且根据中英文提示可知，空处为固定搭配be attracted to，表示“被……吸引”。故填attracted。
50. I guess it’s because they’re a________ (成年人) and can’t understand me. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】adults##dults
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我想这是因为他们是成年人，不能理解我。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词adult，可数名词，由they可知，此处应用复数形式。故填adults。
51. A short f________ (航班) from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】flight##light
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：从库斯科乘短途飞机从安第斯山脉进入亚马逊雨林。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作主语；结合汉语提示及首字母f可知，名词flight符合题意，故填flight。
52. It’s amazing that there are more than 8,000 s________ (雕像), and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】statues##tatues
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这里有8000多座雕像，直到20世纪70年代，现代才有人知道它们。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词statue，由空前more than 8,000可知，应用名词复数形式。故填statues。

53. What can you do to make exercise like j________ (慢跑) more enjoyable? (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】jogging##ogging
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你能做些什么让慢跑这样的运动更有乐趣呢？分析句子，该空需要一个名词作介词like的宾语，结合汉语提示及首字母j，名词jogging符合题意。故填jogging。
54. An athlete should think about honor and his fans if he is c________ (竞争) for his country? (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】competing##ompeting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和现在进行时。句意：如果一个运动员要为国而战，他应该考虑荣誉和他的球迷吗？分析句子且根据中英文提示可知，结合is来看，空处应填competing，表示“竞争”，构成现在进行时，此处现在进行时态表将来，主要用于表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。常有“意图”“决定”的意思，符合语境。故填competing。
55. Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental s________ (力量) that he showed made him unique. (根据中英文提示填空)
【答案】strength##trength
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：乔丹的球技令人印象深刻，但他所表现出的精神力量使他独一无二。分析句子且根据中英文提示可知，空处由形容词mental修饰，应填名词strength，表示“力量”，抽象概念，不可数。故填strength。
第四节 翻译句子(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据括号内的要求或括号内所给的词或短语，将下列句子翻译成英语。
56. 我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，乐于助人。(用 SVOC结构翻译此句)
【答案】I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定结构。主语为I，表示“发现某人怎么样”应用find sb. adj.；表示“大多数同学和老师”翻译为most of my classmates and teachers；表示“很友好，乐于助人”应用friendly and helpful，作宾补。为一般过去时。故翻译为I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
57. 我们在新建的实验室上化学课。(用分词作定语翻译此句)
【答案】We had a chemistry class in the newly built lab.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时、分词作定语以及句子结构。分析句子且根据题目要求可知，本句为简单的主谓宾结构，描述的是过去事实，应用一般过去时。表示句子主干“我们上化学课”应用We had a chemistry class；表示地点状语“在新建的实验室”应用介词短语in the newly built lab，其中built为过去分词作定语，修饰名词lab。故翻译为We had a chemistry class in the newly built lab.
58. 那边的孩子们正在把东西放在一个圆纸盘里。(用名词短语翻译此句)
【答案】The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语及时态。根据句意及题目要求可知，“那边的孩子们”译为the kids over there，“正在把东西放在一个圆纸盘里”使用现在进行时，译为are putting something on a round paper plate。故翻译为The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.

59. 正因如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。(用It is/was ...that翻译此句;Spanish; Peru)
【答案】It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句型、介词短语、形容词和名词短语。强调句型的基本结构是“it is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”，此处强调句子状语“因为如此”；表示“因为如此”应用介词短语for this reason，作状语；表示“主要的”应用形容词main，作定语；表示“官方语言”应用名词短语official language，作表语；此处为客观陈述，谓语动词应用一般现在时。故翻译为It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
60. 她就在我后面，是吗?(用反义疑问句)(汉译英)
【答案】She is right behind me, isn’t she?
【解析】
【详解】考查反义疑问句。陈述部分为主系表结构，“她就在我后面”译为She is right behind me；反义疑问部分，系动词is提至主语she前成为简略疑问语序，前肯后否，所以译为 isn’t she。故翻译为She is right behind me, isn’t she?
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
61. 假定你是高一学生李华，你班计划周末参观市博物馆，请给外教John写信，告知此事并邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 集合时间和地点；
2. 活动的意义(了解我市历史和文化等)；
3. 期待John参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear John,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear John,
I’m glad to tell you that we’re planning to visit the Museum of our city this weekend, and you’re sincerely invited to go with us.
Located in the center of our city, the museum’s got a large collection of exhibits including items from ancient times to the present. Through the visit, not only can we have a better understanding of the history of our hometown, but we can learn more about its culture.
On Saturday, we’ll gather at the gate of our school at 8:00 am and set out by bus. The activity is really interesting and I hope you can come and join us.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你高一学生李华，你班计划周末参观市博物馆，请给外教John写信，告知此事并邀请他参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
计划：plan to do→be going to do→aim to do
参观：visit→pay a visit to
出发：set out→depart
有趣的：interesting = amusing
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Located in the center of our city, the museum’s got a large collection of exhibits including items from ancient times to the present.
拓展句：Located in the center of our city, the museum’s got a large collection of exhibits, which include items from ancient times to the present.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m glad to tell you that we’re planning to visit the Museum of our city this weekend, and you’re sincerely invited to go with us.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Through the visit, not only can we have a better understanding of the history of our hometown, but we can learn more about its culture. (运用了not only...but...句型及倒装结构)
听力答案：1—5 BAABB 6—10 CBABA 11—15 CCACC 16—20 ACBAC