2023届高考英语二轮复习完形填空课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习完形填空课件，共38页。PPT课件主要包含了从词义辨析着手　，从生活常识着手　，从语法知识着手　，Homework，一显身手 ，解题技巧，利用上下文语境解题，常识背景法，词义辨析法，根据逻辑分析法解题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Why is clze test s tugh?
Prblems in clze tests:1.词汇、词组缺乏2.长难句不会分析3.不能正确把握文章主旨4.难以排除迷惑项
Hw can we slve the prblems?
完形填空题的定义完形填空题是一种集知识和能力为一体，立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。它是一种高难度的障碍性阅读题，此题旨在测试学生的综合应用语言能力，同时又检测学生的分析判断能力和连贯性思维能力。
（一）完形填空题的题型特点1. 首句完整 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。2. 语境选择 近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。 “语境能力型” 试题具有相当难度，因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。
例如： (1) Japan is an island cuntry and its ___________ g all ver Japan. (2) Japan is an island cuntry and its________ g all ver the Pacific lking fr fish t catch. (3) Japan is an island cuntry and its_____ g n the Pacific lking fr the missing peple. (4)Japan is an island cuntry and its_______ g all ver Japan, sending peple t and frm wrk. 选择项：A. fishing bats B. lifebats C. planes D. trains
例(1)无语境限制，A, B, C, D皆可。 例(2)只有fishing bats能够到太平洋捕鱼，故选A。 例(3)在太平洋上寻找失踪人员的应是lifebats, 选B。 例(4)接送人们上下班的不会是fishing bats 和lifebats, 用planes也有 违常理，故选 D。
3. 动名为主 完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。测试点往往集中于某些词类。高考完形填空题考查动词（5—8个）、名词（4—6个）、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。这是因为现在的完形填空主要考察语境，而在通常情况下只有实词才能较好地体现语境。4. 难处暗示 难选之处前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们继续往下读，我们就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。5. 选材适中 近几年来的高考完型填空题材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或具有一定哲理和教育意义，夹叙夹议，以叙为主的议论文。词数在200--300之间。设空距离为10个词左右。短文内容结构严谨，逻辑性强，层次分明。材料难度与高三教材相当，所选短文的英语语言符合高中学生的实际水平。
近年高考完形填空题型特点
1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合;2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;3. 首句完整, 主题明确;4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;8. 常识语法, 每年出现。
(二) 完型填空题解题步骤1. 细读首句，预测主题 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视尾句前后呼应的作用。2. 跳读与通读全文结合，领会大意，试选答案 要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示，跳过难的空格，把短文从头到尾通读一遍，进一步从整体上理解短文大意。这是正确选择的基础，也是做题的关键。切忌急于求成，看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空，势必无法掌握文章中心，造成顾此失彼，错误百出的不良结果。这是因为完形填空主要考察对语境的理解，若是在没有弄清短文大意的情况下就去选择填空，可能会因备选项的干扰而偏离主题，一错到底。
在这个过程中把所给四个选项分别套入空格所在的句子中试填，初步完成空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系。在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。如：but, yet, hwever, whereas, while 等表示转折或对比；besides, mrever, what is mre等表示信息增加; s, s that, therefre, as a result等表示推理结果。平时练习中要注意分辨这类词的细微差别，这样才有利于保证选项的准确性。要弄清空格处待填的是什么词、起何作用，同时也要注意习惯表达法，语法知识等，从而筛选出符合文意的选项。
3. 细读文章，推敲难题 有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局，可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文意，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。若有些答案实在难以确定，可采用“排除法”，首先排除在语法或内容上明显不符合要求的答案，然后再比较、定夺。可按空格所在位置，从词语搭配、上下文意、习惯用法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面，耐心细致地逐项分析，以求对应。可先读所要填词的句子，复读上一句，兼顾下一句，即“瞻前顾后”，确保答案的准确无误
英语完形填空之解题基本技巧
1.从上下文关键词着手；2.从上下文逻辑着手；3.从固定搭配着手；4.从词义辨析着手；5.从生活常识着手；6.从语法知识着手。
1.从上下文关键词着手　　充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选有提示作用的词或句，结合语境答题。
Mrs. Black wuld ask me fr my 1 . She wanted t knw hw I thught we shuld handle things. At first I had n idea hw t answer because I knw 2 abut stage design! B. impressin C. infrmatin D. intentin2.A. anything B. smething C. nthing D. everything 　　
2) Sme parts f the water are very shallw. But in sme places it is very ＿＿＿＿＿. A. deep B. high C. cld D. warm　　
3) Mrs O’Neill asked＿＿＿＿＿questins and she didn’t scld us either. A. n B. certain C. many D. mre　　
4) The wrds, s small, didn’t seem ____ enugh t hld my new life. A. gd B. simple C. big D. prper
　2.从上下文逻辑着手　　
1) It has been many years since I was last in Lndn, ＿＿ I still remember smething that happened during that visit. A. and B. fr C. but D. as
2) If he did nt knw them, he wuld greet them with a few wrds abut the weather,______ he did, he wuld ask abut their familyand then B. and s C. even if D but if
　　这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折、让步、因果、递进关系等，并结合语境选答案。
3) They were clearly lng-standing custmers, and I _____ they must have stayed faithful t him _____ he had prmised t sell gd quality fruit. ------ he called every wman “madam” fr a start,____ thse wh clearly were nt, but----　 6. A. wish B. insist C. declare D. suppse 7. A. when B. if C. because D. thugh 8. A. yet B. nly C. just D. even
stayed faithful t him
2) The happiest peple dn't necessarily have the best f everything; they just ____ the best f everything they have.A. learn B. make C. favr D. try
1)I have t finish wrk tnight. I dubt if I'll be able t ____ it n time.A. reach B. keep C. take D. make
　3.从固定搭配着手　　
　　注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时结合语境选择正确的短语。
make it 做成某事
make the best f 充分利用，好好珍惜
3) （06江苏试卷）The chance passed and I didn’t 1 it. I take the exam the next day and I wn. I didn’t 2 t cheat , but I was still cheating anyhw.1. A. take B. have C. lse D. find2. A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend
　　注意四个选项的差别，结合语境确定答案。
1) With her slw and clumsy reactins, she wuld surely ____ her team. hld n B. hld ut C. hld ver D. hld up2) My ____ raced back mre than thirty years t the dark days f 1941. A. minds B. memries C. thughts D. brains 　
slw and clumsy reactins
raced back
3) Sn I heard a ＿＿ like that f a dr burst in.A. sund B. cry C. vice D. shut　　
　　了解生活常识，结合语境，确定相关答案。
I ___ the balln t the wall.A. placed B. tied C. laid D. cntributed　
2)(Immediately)the fficers jumped int their cars and rushed t the___ hspital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest　
在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。
3）The rail will expand（膨胀） when it gets ___. A. wet B. cld C. ht D. dry
运用“热胀冷缩”原理，应选C。
Immediately
了解不同寻常的语法结构，结合语境，选出唯一答案。
She was French --- perhaps frm that place ___ he usually spent his hlidays. A. where B. when C. which D. hw2) The instructr then ___ that we find ways t make aplgize t peple.A. expected B. suggested C. tld D. said　
3) I realized that____ I had dne that, I wuld have lst a new friend. A. befre B. if C. while D. as
4) As my father,____wrked three jbs,nce tld me, … A.he B. that C. wh D.whever
Summary 完形填空高分技巧
1．研读首尾——抓主题 一般来说,很多文章会按照“总—分—总”的思路来写。首先提出主题,接着对主题进行分析、叙述,最后进行归纳、总结,得出结论或提出建议。因此,一般根据文章的首句及尾句就能抓住文章的主题。2. 左顾右盼——找搭配 3. 思前想后——觅逻辑 语境分析——辨词义 集中精力——破难题 回读检查——补漏洞
Practice makes perfect.
Finish anther clze test n yur paper
上下文语境（cntext)
常识背景（cmmn sense）
习惯搭配（phrases & idims）
词义辨析 （cmparisn）
语法分析（grammar analysis)
逻辑分析 (lgical analysis )
1.上下文语境法 1.Many Africans are very (　) and s they can’t affrd t eat much meat. A healthy B. pr C. rich D .weak 2. Many ld peple dn’t have gd (　) .They can’t watch TV, but they can listen t the music. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time3. 1.Travelling west, yu set yur clck（　） Traveling east, yu set it ahead. A. back B. frward C. ahead D.behind
[ 例2 ] (06全国I) On a ht summer day in late August, I sught shade and a cl drink at a waterfrnt café n a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in 36 air. Crwded. Temper f bth the turists and waiters had risen t meet the situatin.　36. A. fresh 　B. cl 　C. still 　D. thin
[ 例1 ] （08全国I）After the birth f my secnd child, I gt a jb at a restaurant. Having wrked with an experienced 36 fr a few days, I was 37 t wait tables n my wn. 36. A. manager B. assistant C. ck D. waitress 37A. prmised B. invited C. allwed D. advised
1) In the summer vacatin f 1997 , I was fixed with a jb . I wrked as a(n) ( ) at Mr. Breen’s fruit shp. A .peratr B . assistant C .waiter D. secretary
The ring had been damaged in the great ( ) f the fire. A. pile B.heat C. pwer D.pressure
[例1] …the mther was hlding their baby daughter, Ally. The little girl had sme fd stuck in her thrat, and culd hardly breathe. Mr. White drve them t 2 . The ambulance was running very fast alng the rad. 2. A. the best hspital B. the biggest hspital C. the nearest hspital D. the Children’s Hspital
[例2] （2000全国）And there n a well-made bed sat Amy, my new rmmate, dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nd ,she said in a sft vice, “Hi, yu must be Cri.” Then ,she 45 the music and lked ver at my father. “And f curse, yu’re Mr. Faber,” she said… turned n B. turned dwn C. played D. enjyed
[例1] S I tried hard with my writing and went t cllege . My first nvel ______ while I was at cllege. A. came n B. came in C. came ut D. came back[例2] They spend millins f dllars yearly ______ newspapers and magazines… A. in B. t C. n D. fr
1) Sn I heard a 41 like that f a dr burst in, and then a climb f feet. 41. A. sund B. cry C.vice D. shut2) （NMET 1996）When the papers were ______ , she discvered that twelve bys had made exactly the same mistakes thrughut the test. A. examined B. cmpleted C. marked D. answered
1) It was taking up a great deal f my time, and the headmaster f my schl gave me a chice ; stay in schl 47 leave t wrk n my magazine.47. A. besides B. but C. and D. r
2) … and the fficers then began t eat their meal , saying that the mushrms had a very strange 38 quite pleasant taste. 38. A. besides B. but C. and D. r