2023届高考英语二轮语法复习主谓一致课件4

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮语法复习主谓一致课件4，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了主谓一致练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系. 处理主谓一致一般遵循如下三个原则：
1.语法一致：指在语法形式上取得一致如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。 2.意义一致：指从意义上处理一致关系。如：主语形式上虽为单数但意义上为复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。3.就近原则：指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
1）The by shws his mther much attentin. 2) The bys are playing utside.3) I ften help him and he ften helps me.    4) We ften help each ther and learn frm each ther.  
1)The crwd were fighting fr their lives.2) Yur new clthes fit yu, but mine dn't fit me.3) The crwd were surrunding the gvernment fficial.   4) The Chinese peple are brave and hard-wrking.   
1) There are tw teachers and a student under the tree.2) There is a student and tw teachers under the tree. 3) Nt nly the students but als the teacher enjys listening t the music.
名词作主语的主谓一致不定代词作主语 并列主语的主谓一致 表示数量的名词词组作主语名词+介词词组
1.一般采用语法一致的原则
① On each side f the street __________ (grw) a lt f trees. ②This bk ____ very interesting.
如果以名词词组作主语,谓语动词和中心词一致. ①This exercise n English idims ___ nt easy.
2.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数①The air in the muntain __ fresh. ②The infrmatin n the experiment reprt __ valuable. ③A great deal f mney __ needed t buy bks.
3.集合名词作主语有些集合名词 machinery, equipment, furniture, jewellery clthing 表单数概念，用单数动词。 ① The furniture in the exhibitin hall ___ pleasant t lk at. ② The equipment ___well maintained.
(3) 有些集合名词 team ， audience， family ， crew ， class, public， gvernment, enemy ，grup，cmmittee, 若作一个整体, 用单数动词; 若看为一个个成员，用复数动词。①Smith's family ____a big ne. ② The family ___ having a chat in the living rm.
③ The ppulatin f China ___(be) ver 120 millin and eighty percent f the ppulatin ____ (live) in the cuntry.④ Why _____(have) the gvernment have t raise the tll charges n the five highways? THE Gvernment ___ (be) t spend £124millin develping a "new generatin" f unmanned planes fr the military.
(2) "the + adj/ed/ing." 采用意义一致的原则。表“人”作复数看,表“抽象物”则 作单数看. ①The yung ____mre active than the ld in the wrk.  ②The injured in the accident___ an engineer.　　　　③The beautiful ________all the turists.　　　　　
4.以S 结尾的名词. 一些表示学科的名词, physics ,maths, plitics 用单数形式. ①Physics ___ a difficult subject t learn.
2) 专有名词 the United Natins, the United States. 用单数. ② The Arabian Nights ____ well knwn t English lvers. ③The United Natins ___funded in 1945.
④The Olympic Games in the year 2,008 _____t be held in Beijing.
the Olympic Games 可用单数也可用复数
4) 有些名词只以复数形式存在, glasses shrts, scissrs, arms, clthes, gds. wages 等（见名词）用复数形式. 但有表示单数的量词与之连用, 则用单数形式。
①My shes _____ trn after a lng hiking in the frest.②Anther pair f trusers __________(make) fr me after the missing pair . ③ This pair f shes ___ made in Nanjing.
5)单复同形的名词, means ,species , wrks等（见名词）,用意义一致的原则： 如表示 单数概念, 用单数形式; 表示复数概念,用复数形式.
①The quickest means t prtect wild life ___ t frbid killing wild animals. ②All means _______________ (try) t save the sick panda since. ③The irn and steel wrks _____________(turn ut) five hundred thusand tns f steel every year. ④Anther tw irn and steel wrks ______________ (build) utside the city.
have been tried
has turned ut
has been built
all, bth 采用意义一致的原则。表人或物(可数)作复数, 但 all 表“所有的一 切” 作单数.
①All that can be eaten __________________(eat up). ② --- All he has ____________________ (take away) frm him.③Bth _____ (feel) that they have grwn up and that they can wrk alne.
have been eaten up
has been taken away
2. sme, any, few 采用意义一致的原则。
①Sme ____(be) wise and sme___(be) flish. ②Any __(be) better than nne.③_____(have) any f yu actually _____ (see) a UFO?④ Very few _____ (knw) his address in the twn.
3.either, each 作主语,常用采用意义一致的原则，用单数动词。
①Either f the tw rms ____ large enugh. Either rm____ large enugh.②Neither f the tw rms ___large enugh. Neither rm____ large enugh.
4. such 作主语时，采用意义一致的原则。
①Such __ the situatin we were facing. ②Such _____ his wrds.
and, 连结的并列主语1）若代表两个不同的事物, 用复数形式. ①Bth rice and cttn ______in the suthern areas. (grw)
2）若and 连结的并列成分作主语指同一人或物,如,salt and water, bread and butter等, 用单数形式.①The secretary and cashier f the htel ____ absent tday.②The secretary and the cashier f the htel _____ absent tday. ③The watch and chain ____ beautiful.
当 “each / every + 单数名词 + and each / every +单数名词” 结构作主语时 ① During the hlidays every train and ship ___crwded. ② each by and each girl ___(have) a bk. ③ N man and n wman in the village ______(knw) that he is gne.
〔 归纳〕以下名词短语都可视作单数:a watch and chain 一块带链的表，a needle and thread 一套针线a knife and frk 一副刀叉a cup and saucer 一套碟子茶杯a cat and tie 一件上衣带领带bread and butter 奶油面包aim and end 目的
time and tide 岁月the lng and shrt f it 总的意思irn and steel 钢铁law and rder 治安sup and salad 汤与凉拌菜hard struggle and plain living 艰苦奋斗与生活简朴truth and hnesty 真诚child care and educatin 对孩子的管教
2.nt als..., ,,r 连用的并列主语 ① Nt nly I but als Jane and Mary ___tired f having ne examinatin after anther.
② Neither he nr I __ clear abut his intentin. ③ Either yu r he __mistaken abut me. ④ ____either f yu a teacher? _____ yu r he a teacher?
1.数词+量度或时间的复数名词作主语:①Twenty dllars in a week ___ nly a small sum ②Three hurs with yur girl friend _________ (seem) t be shrt time. ③ It was reprted that six __________ (kill) including a by.
were killed
2. a number :表" 一些",后接复数名词,用复数动词; the number f ... 表" ... 的数目" 后接单数名词, 用单数动词. ①Only a small number f peple ____ present at the meeting ②The number f peple present at the meeting ____ small.
3.百分数, 分数, enugh, rest, part 作主语①All the mney ____ spent, but I think part f it ____ wasted. ② Half f his gds ______ (be) stlen the ther day. ③Half f nurses _____dismissed but it was he, nt yu, wh ______wrng.
4.“mre than ne + 单数名词” 结构 “ mre + 复数名词 + than ne ” 结构 Mre than ne girl ____(have) answered that questin. Mre members than ne _____ (have) prtested against the prpsal.
6. “a +单数名词+ r tw ” 结构，多用单数单词。 A day r tw is enugh. 但“ ne r tw + 复数名词” 结构，多用复数动词。One r tw mnths have passed.7. ne and a half + 复数名词作主语,用单数动词. One and a half bananas is left n the table.
但近年来一些国外的权威词书(如《朗文当代英语词典》、 夸克等的《英语语法大全》等) 都认为其谓语要根据该结构中名词的单复数而分别使用单数或复数。如： One and a half mnths have passed since I saw him.=Amnth and a half has passed since I saw him. 我已有一个半月没看到他了。（引自《朗文当代英语词典》）
V. 名词+介词词组(with ,as well as , except, but, alng with, tgether with, rather than 作主语时,动词形式取决于 作主语名词的单复数. ①Jhn, as well as his friends, _______ ( nt )think much f the bk. ②All but ne _____ here just nw. ③Mrs. Jnes tgether with his tw daughters____________ (wait) fr it.
was waiting
1. The peple’s republic f China ____ (be) funded in 1949. 2. The fd they ffered n the plane ___ (be) delicius.
Subject-verb agreement
Fill in the blanks with the right verb frms:
1.当主语是单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
3. Tw hurs __ (be) nt enugh fr s much hmewrk.4. Twenty thusand dllars __ (be) a large amunt f mney t me.
2.当主语是表示度量的词组,时间,金钱,标题,名字或距离时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
5. Travelling t Beijing ______ exciting. (be)6. That it keeps raining _______ the turists. (wrry)
3.当词组或从句充当主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
7. Sme students _____ planting trees. (be)
8. Tm and Dick _____ gd friends. (be )
5.当主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的词或词组时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
4.当主语是复数名词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
9.The wrker and writer ____frm Wuhan. (be )10. When and where t build the new factry ___ nt decided yet. (be)11.Early t rise and early t g t bed ____ a gd habit. (be)
6.当and连接的两个词表同一概念，或同一人（物）时，谓语动词用单数形式。
12. All f us ____________ ( attend) the lecture abut Pmpeii.13. Mst f the lecture ___ (be) abut hw the ancient city was discvered.14. I spent nly 30 yuan buying bks and the rest f mney ___ (be) spent n my fd.15. Tw fifths f the land in that district___ cvered with trees and grass. (be)16. Lts f damage ___ caused by fire. (be)
have attended
7.当主语是分数或百分数或all f/ mst f/ sme f /half f/ a part f / a lt f/ lts f/ plenty f/ a large quantity f/ half f/ the rest f ＋名词/代词时，谓语动词的单、复数形式与该名词/代词保持一致。
17. Either the team leader r the guides ___ (be) lking after the students.18. Neither ndles nr rice _____ (be) delicius tday.19. Nt nly yu but als I ___ (be) puzzled at her wrried lk.
8.当用neither…nr/ either…r/ nt nly… but als…/ nt…but连接句子主语时，谓语动词的单、复数和与其最邻近的主语的单、复数形式保持一致。
20. His family ____ (be) rather big, with twelve peple in all. 21. His family ___ all (be) fnd f ppular music.22. Our schl __ (be) a key schl in Hunan Prvince.23. Our schl ___ (be) ding mrning exercises nw n the playgrund.
9.当主语是band/crwd/class/dzen/family/ public/ team等集合名词时，如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
24. Mathematics ___ an imprtant subject. (be)25. The clthes my mther bught fr me _____ very beautiful. (be)
10.当主语是news, physics, mathematics and Aids 等一类词时，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语是gds, clthes, cngratulatins, earnings, remains和 belngings等一类词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
26. There ____ a teacher and tw students in the rm. (be)27. There ____tw students and a teacher in the rm. (be)
11.由there或here引导的句子，主语不只一个词时，谓语动词的形式以邻近的主语的数而定。
28. At Christmas, each by and each girl ____ given a present. (be )
29. Many a by and girl _____ made the same mistake. (has / have)30. N teacher r student ____ allwed t enter the lab. (be)
12.用 and/r 连接的两个名词若被 n, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数形式。
31.--- Each f the students , wrking hard at his r her lessns, ___ t g t university. --- S d I. A. hpe B. hpes 32.Nbdy harder than Jhn des. A. wrk B. wrks
13.当either / each+ f+复数名词,或smebdy, smene , smething, anybdy, anyne, anything, nbdy, n ne, nthing, everybdy, everyne, everything复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
33.Tm is ne f the students wh ____ gd at playing ftball. (be)34. Tm is the nly ne f the students wh ___ gd at playing ftball. (be)
14.在“ne f+复数名词+关系代词”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式；但是若前有the nly, the very将其限定为只有一个时，谓语动词用单数形式.
35.My shes ____ black. (be) 36.A pair f shes ____ under the bed. (be) 37.Tw pairs f shes ____ under the bed. (be)
15. 成双成对构成的东西，如glasses, shes, trusers, chpsticks, scissrs等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但被pair f修饰时，谓语动词的形式与pair的数一致.
1. Each f yu ___ respnsible fr the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are2. Each man and wman ______ the same rights. a. has b. have c. had d. is having
3. Every means ____ tried but withut much result. a. has been b. have been c. are d. is4. There ______ in this rm. a. are t much furniture b. is t many furnitures c. are t much furnitures d. is t much furniture
5. The public ______ generus in their cntributins t the earthquake victims. a. is b. was c. are d. has been6. Nt nly I but als David and Iris __ fnd f playing basketball. a. am b. is c. are d. was7. Neither Tm nr his parents _ at hme. a. is b. are c. has d. was
8. Either the dean r the principal___ the meeting. a. attends b . attend c. are attending d. have attended9. _____ was wrng. a. Nt the teacher but the students b. Bth the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher nt the students d. Nt the students but the teacher
10. “______ twenty dllars a big sum t her?” “I suppse s.” a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were11. Three hurs ____ enugh fr us t finish the task. a. are b. has c. is d. were12. Mst f his savings ___ in the Xin Hua Bank. a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept