2023届高考英语二轮语法复习主谓一致课件5

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮语法复习主谓一致课件5，共47页。PPT课件主要包含了双重谓语现象，Back，语法一致，Practice，are，was，have，has，knows等内容，欢迎下载使用。
谓语的狭义和广义之分
S V S V O S V PS V OS V O C
简单谓语 （由一个动词或成语动词组成） 1. 情V + V原形 复合谓语 2. 复合宾语句型的被动式 3. SVP句型里的VP
双重谓语现象
双重谓语＝普通谓语＋并列句/从句
He left this mrning very gay. (He was very gay when he left this mrning.)He sat there silent. (He sat there and he was silent.)She lay there mtinless. She grew up quite fastidius abut her clthing.
She was mtinless when she lay there.
She was quite fastidius abut her clthing when she grew up.
二、谓语动词＋名词 (慎用)
She left a shy girl and returned a yung mther. (She was a shy girl when she left and a yung mther when she returned.)He lived a her and died a martyr.
He was a her when he lived and a martyr when he died.
They lay there chatting. (They were chatting when they lay there.) He wandered wndering. He came hme exhausted.
He was wndering when he wandered.
He was exhausted when he came hme.
四、谓语动词＋what从句
He returned hme what he had always been. （He was what he had always been when he returned hme.）回家时，他还是老样子。
注意：如果要对“第二谓语”进行否定，否定词仍然在“第一谓语”的位置上用
He came hme exhausted.(此处came是第一谓语，exhausted是第二谓语)
He never came hme exhausted. (他回家时从不疲惫。)
Similar Cases
She didn’t arrive accmpanied by her daughter她抵达时并没有她女儿陪同。He didn’t pass nticed. 他路过时没人注意。
Three Guiding Principles: 1、语法一致 (Grammatical Cncrd)2、意义一致 ( Ntinal Cncrd )3、就近原则( Principle f Prximity )
主谓一致 subject-verb Cncrd
主谓一致主要表现在“数”的形式上。Number means singular r plural.The basic rule f sentence agreement is simple: A subject must agree with its predicate verb in number.这种一致关系叫作“语法一致”。
例如：A grammar bk helps yu learn smething abut the rules f a language.Grammar bks help yu learn smething abut the rules f a language.
需要注意的几个问题：1、不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Reading ften means learning .T read English alud every mrning des yu a lt f gd. What he said has been recrded.
2、不定代词ne, every, each, ne f, n ne, nthing，either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：Neither f my sisters likes sprts .Many a student takes a walk n campus after dinner. Every by and girl shws great interest in extra-curriculum activities .
3、表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：One Thusand And One Nights tells peple lts f mysterius bits f flklre.The United States is leading the wrld in science and technlgy. The United Natins plays an imprtant rle in the internatinal affairs .
4、a prtin f, a series f, a kind f, the number f等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：A series f high technlgy prducts has been laid ut in the exhibitin. 。The number f printing mistakes in sme recent bks ften surprises peple even t death.A substantial prtin f the reprts is missing . 这些报告都没有提及实质问题。A kind f rse in the garden smells very pleasant.
On the seashre, sme peple ___ playing vlleyball and sme ___ lying in the sun. Bth f us ___ fnd f watching ftball games . A number f will-be graduates ___ vluntarily ging t wrk in the West f China.
5、有些短语，如：a lt f, mst f, any f, half f , three fifths f, eighty percent f, sme f, nne f, the rest f , all f谓语动词的数取决于_____________________________例如：A lt f mney in the shp ____ stlen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut ff. A lt f bks abut Investment Fund ___ been published recently.
所接名词为可数还是不可数。
意义一致( Ntinal Cncrd )这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
1 当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accmpanied by, including, in additin t, mre than,n less than, rather than, tgether with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词不受其影响。
1) Petrleum alng with fuel gas has recently risen in price. 2) The students tgether with their teacher are ging t have a picnic this weekend.
Petrleum has recently risen in price, alng with fuel gas. Alng with fuel gas, petrleum has recently risen in price.The students are ging t have a picnic this weekend tgether with their teacher. Tgether with their teacher, the students are ging t have a picnic this weekend.
2 形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作_____；但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是_____。
例如：The yung, n the ne hand, ften ______ (think) f the ld cnservative. On the ther hand, the ld always ______ (cnsider) the yung inexperience. The true always _______ (triumph). .
The accused was fund guilty.Several f the accused were fund guilty.The belved is frever in his heart.The belved are frever in his heart.The cndemned was sentenced t death.The cndemned were sentenced t death.
3. 用and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或物或通常由两个部件配成的物品时，用_____谓语动词，指不同的人或物或分开的东西用______谓语动词。★ 值得注意的是，两种抽象的东西被人们看作是不可分的一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
例如：War and peace is a cnstant theme in histry. 战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。Chinese and Japanese silk are f gd quality. 中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。Truth and hnesty is the best plicy.Wit and humr abunds in the bk.Stress and tiredness ften result in a lack f cncentratin.
就近原则( Principle f Prximity )这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：r, either… r …, neither… nr … ,nt nly… but als …等。There-be句型
例如：Either I r they ____ respnsible fr the result f the matter.Neither the unkind wrds nr the unfriendly attitude ______ (have) caused me any distress.Nt nly he but als all his family ____(be) keen n cncerts Neither his family nr he _____(knw) anything abut it.There ___ (be) a lng spring bard and three rafts at varying distance frm the stre.
Prblems f cncrd with nuns ending in –s 以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难。这些名词的使用可遵循的原则有：
1) Disease and game names ending in -s以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称2) Subject names ending in -ics以-ics结尾的学科名称3) Gegraphical names ending in -s以-s结尾的地理名称4) ther nuns ending in –s其他以-s结尾的名词
（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 Arthritis（关节炎）, brnchitis（支气管炎）, diabetes（糖尿病）, mumps（腮腺炎）, phlebitis（静脉炎）, rickets（软骨病）, 这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如： 1.Arthritis causes great pain in the jints f the patient. 2.The diabetes is a kind f chrnic disease. 3.Measles usually ccurs in children. 4.Phlebitis is a swllen cnditin f the bld vessels.
以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题 以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如： 1.Darts is basically a easy game. 2.Marbles is nt cnfined t children. 但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。 例如： 1.Three darts are thrwn at each turn.
（二）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depressin in 1930s'.In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its wrst strm since 1976.但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。例如：The Himalayas have a magnificent variety f plant.The Straits f Gibraltar have nt lst their strategic imprtance.
（三）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, ptics, acustics, plitics, statistics, ecnmics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。例如：Physics is a fundamental subject in science.Mathematics is an interesting subject.Athletics is a required curse fr students f all grades.但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用例如：Athletics （体育运动）have been greatly encuraged at this cllege.The ecnmics （经济效益）f the prject are still at issue.
（四）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题A. 以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses, pincers, scissrs, shrts, trusers等，这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。例如：Mary's glasses are new.Jhn's trusers are black.如果带有单位词， 则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。例如：One pair f pincers isn't enugh.Tw pairs f scissrs are missing frm my tl bx.
B.其他以-s结尾的名词英语中还有一些以- s结尾的名词，如archives，arms, clthes, cntents, eaves, firewrks, gds, suburbs, thanks, wages这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。例如：The archives f the cuntry are kept in the Department f Security.The cntents f the bk are mst amusing.High wages ften result in high prices.My thanks are sincere.
Prblems f cncrd with cllective nuns as subject 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
集体名词在意义上是复数，而在语法形式上是单数。以这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往在于对“语法一致”和“意义一致”两种原则的选择。
集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。
例如：The family are all fnd f ftball. The family is the tiniest cell f the sciety. The ppulatin f the earth is increasing very fast.One third f the ppulatin here are wrkers.The cmpany was set up last year.The cmpany are mstly yung men. The htel is at the ft f a hill.All the htel are gathered in the hall.
（四）a cmmittee, etc f +复数名词的主谓一致问题如果主语是由a cmmittee f /a panel f /a (the) bard f +复数名词构成，随后的动词通常用单数。例如：A cmmittee f twelve men is t discuss the matter.A panel f experts has cnsidered the situatin.The bard f managers is respnsible fr the firm.
倒装结构中主谓语的一致
在倒装句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主语则往往被置于句子后部，这时要注意辨认主语，以保持主谓一致。After the exams is the time fr rest.In the margins was written smething in red ink.
Fifty miles __ nt a great distance.It __ Mr. Li and Mr. Wang wh did it. Nbdy but William and Jhn __ asked t g.Her children __ her sle care.Mre than ne persn here __ infected with the disease.Neither we nr he __ t blame.
20 divided by 5 __ 4. (equal)That he is wrng __ nw clear t everybdy.Every means __ been tried but withut result.One-furths f the students __ frm the suth.A middle-aged wman with a baby in her arms ___ seen lingering at the gate.
I, nt yu, __ respnsible fr all this.What we need badly here ____ dctrs.The bk will cntain what __ cnsidered the best f shrt stries f the time.Nne f us __ gt a camera.Nne __ willing t miss such a fine lecture.
A variety f flwers __ n the shwThe chrus(合唱团 ) __ all here and ready t begin.Either f the example __ gd enugh.Each f them __ a rm t himself. (have)