2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词课件2

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词课件2，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精析，时间先后关系，不定式作状语，分词作状语，to ensure，using，to share，Sitting，swinging，不定式作定语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点1 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
1.主动形式、被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系：与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance.　明天举行的会议非常重要。
根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态。(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。He heard the sng being sung next dr.他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。Having finished his hmewrk, he went t bed.　他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。
考点2 非谓语动词作状语
(1)作目的状语I crssed the street t avid meeting him, but he saw me and came running twards me.　我穿过马路以便避开他，但他看到我并朝我跑了过来。(2)nly t d sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。We hurried t the statin，nly t be tld that the train had left.　我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad，srry，anxius，prud，disappinted，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，flish，pleased，frtunate，right等。Yu will never knw hw happy I was t see her yesterday.你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。
(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋t d”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，imprtant，impssible，interesting，pleasant，nice，cmfrtable，safe，dangerus等。The chair lks rather hard, but in fact it is very cmfrtable t sit n.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。Translated int (＝When it was translated int) English, the sentence was fund t have an entirely different wrd rder.(作时间状语)　这个句子被译成英语后，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。
Nt knwing (＝Because he didn’t knw) hw much lnger he culd last, Nichlas did the nly thing he culd—he huddled in his cave and slept.(作原因状语)　因为不知道还能维持(生存)多久，尼古拉斯做了他能做的唯一一件事——蜷缩在他的山洞里睡觉。Used (＝If it is used) with care, ne tin will last fr six weeks.(作条件状语)如果小心使用，一罐可以用六个星期。Mre highways have been built in China，making it much easier fr peple t travel frm ne place t anther.(作结果状语)中国已经修建了更多的公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。
1.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特模拟)During the recrded vide classes, parents need t keep an eye n their children ____________(ensure) they stay fcused.2.(2022·安徽合肥一模)Each ne was asked t write his r her name n the balln ____________ (use) a marker pen.3.(2022·浙江绍兴一中模拟)I knew Dubya and his wife well, but I didn’t think we were clse enugh ______________ (share) Thanksgiving dinner.
4.(2022·山东烟台模拟)______________(sit) at the tp f Mnserrate Hill, east f the city, the place is a prtected park fr hummingbirds.5.(2022·辽宁实验中学模拟)“This hair is just like mine，” Shi’a says, ____________ (swing) his head.
考点3 非谓语动词作定语
不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。(1)She is always the first t cme and the last t leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。(2)I can’t think f any gd advice t give her.(动宾关系)我想不出任何好的建议给她。(3)His last appeal, t cme and see her, went unanswered.(同位关系)没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
(1)现在分词作定语现在分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系或用来表示正在进行的动作时。The lecture，starting at 7：00 p.m. last night, was fllwed by an bservatin f the mn with telescpes.　这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望远镜观看月球的活动。
【名师指津】　被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用现在分词的被动式作定语。Stay away frm huses r buildings being built r kncked dwn.远离正在建造或拆毁的房屋或建筑物。(2)过去分词作定语过去分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Tsinghua University，funded in 1911, is hme t a great number f utstanding figures.　始建于1911 年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出人物。
【名师指津】　作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有ding和dne两种。ding 表示正在进行；dne 表示已经完成。
表示被修饰词的某种用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋fr＋ding”，此时动名词常置于被修饰词的前面。In sight f Shackletn’s landing place, ur bat hit rck.　在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时，我们的船触礁了。N flying machine will fly frm New Yrk t Paris.　没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
1.(2022·西安铁一中三模)A bird habitat can be a natural r man－made area ______________(prvide) birds with an envirnment that supplies fd and water. 2.(2022·河南郑州模拟)In plar regins, hwever, rising glbal temperatures ____________ (assciate) with climate change mean that ice sheets and glaciers are melting at an accelerating rate frm seasn t seasn.
3.(2022·广东广雅中学模拟)Even if a grade is nt given，the student is respnsible fr learning the material __________ (assign).4.(2022·山西晋城二模)Yu can distract each cat with tys during their first meeting in the same rm, s they have less time ____________ (wrry).5.(2022·山东烟台期末)In 1936，Ruth Harkness became the first Westerner ____________ (bring) a live giant panda named Su Lin t the Brkfield Z in Chicag.
1.接带t的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语补足语
常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encurage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, rder, frce, cause, allw, permit, frbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call n, wait fr, wuld like/lve/prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词。The teacher asked us t finish ur hmewrk.　老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 The pliceman tld the bys nt t play in the street.　警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。
2.接不带t的动词不定式作宾补的动词
·一感：feel·二听：hear, listen t·三让：let, make, have·四看：see, watch, ntice, bserve·半帮助：help sb t d/d sth不定式作宾补表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。I saw him leave a few minutes ag. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。
现在分词作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。I hear smene kncking at the dr.我听到有人在敲门。I’m srry t keep yu waiting fr a lng time.　对不起，让你久等了。
过去分词作宾补，着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。He saw the thief caught by the plice.他看到那个贼被警察抓起来了。The teacher raised his vice in rder t make himself heard.老师提高嗓门以便让别人听到他的话。
1.(2022·安徽合肥一模)The speaker then led the grup t the rm full f ballns and asked them t find the balln that had their name ____________ (write) n within five minutes.2.(2022·辽宁大连一模)The new technlgy culd enable mre peple ____________ (access) the cultural relics despite the we saw the rad ______________ (blck) with snw, we decided t spend the hliday at t music at hme is ne thing, and ging t hear it _______________ (perfrm) live is quite anther.
being perfrmed
1.下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考点5 非谓语动词作宾语
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。·decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hpe/wish·refuse，manage，care，pretend·ffer，prmise，chse，plan·agree，ask/beg，help此外，affrd，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
2.下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。·cnsider，suggest/advise，lk frward t，excuse/pardn·admit，delay/put ff，fancy (想象，设想)·avid，miss，keep/keep n，practice·deny，finish，enjy/appreciate·frbid，imagine，risk·can’t help (禁不住)，mind，allw/permit，escape
3.下列短语也要用动名词作宾语：
be used/accustmed t，lead t，devte t，g back t，stick t，bject t，get dwn t，pay attentin t，can’t stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist n，，aplgize fr，be busy (in)，have difficulty/truble (in)，have a gd/wnderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)等
Little Tm is cnsidering quitting practising playing the vilin，because his neighbr can’t tlerate listening t the nise every day.The ther day，she prmised t give Tm ten dllars a week if he gave up ding it.Tm imagines having lts f mney and can’t resist taking her advice.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音。前几天，她答应如果汤姆放弃练琴的话每周给他10美元。 汤姆想象着有很多钱，忍不住接受了她的建议。
4.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
What a pr memry! I frgt brrwing mney frm him yesterday. But tday I frgt t return the mney t him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
1.(2022·黑龙江鹤岗模拟)Abut 74 percent f the parents said nline curses have added an extra burden n them because they have t spend mre time taking care f and ____________ (assist) their children.2.(2022·安徽合肥一模)Halfway thrugh his talk，the speaker stpped and decided ____________ (create) a grup activity.
3.(2022·广东广雅中学模拟)The ideal student is cnsidered t be ne wh is mtivated t learn fr the sake f learning，nt the ne interested nly in ____________ (get) high grades.4.(2022·浙江台州二模)In reality, hwever，60% f clthing nwadays is abandned within a year f purchase, which prduces vast quantities f waste that glbal landfills (垃圾填埋场) are struggling ____________ (absrb).5.(2022·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)This year, I attended my sister－in－law’s ceremny t celebrate ____________ (mve) int a new huse.
考点6 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.(2022·山东济南模拟)The Seshan brthers’ advice is never ____________ (give) up if smething des nt wrk the first time and t try different ways f slving the prblem.2.(2022·辽宁抚顺一模)They can either see a cunselr (顾问) r jin an rganizatin, whse gal is ______________ (help) peple find ways t fulfill themselves rather than lead t serius debt and trubled lives.
3.(2022·江西萍乡二模)Right frm the beginning, ur aim was ____________ (ffer) Games that wuld have an impact and the element f (knw) basic first－aid techniques will help yu respnd quickly t dr remained ____________ (lck) when he came again.
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。(误)Fund him angry，I began t tell jkes.(正)Finding him angry，I began t tell jkes.发现他生气了，我开始讲笑话。(误)Lking arund，there was n ne nearby.(正)Lking arund，I fund there was n ne nearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。
若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，即“逻辑主语(名词/代词)＋非谓语动词”，构成独立主格结构。具体形式如下：(1)“名词/代词＋现在分词”，现在分词可有语态和时态的变化。Winter cming，it gets clder and clder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
(2)“名词/代词＋过去分词”，构成过去分词的动词与名词/代词为动宾关系，且过去分词表示动作已完成。The test finished，we began ur hliday.考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。(3)“名词/代词＋不定式”，不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化。The tw bys said gdbye t each ther，ne t g hme，the ther t g t his friend’s.　两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。
(4)有些分词/不定式短语常作修饰全句的评注性状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种情况可看作是一种独立成分。①常见的这类分词短语有：generally/frankly/rughly/strictly speaking，talking f，speaking f，judging frm/by，cmpared with/t...，given that...等。Generally speaking，girls are mre interested in literature than bys.一般来说，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。②常见的这类不定式短语有：t be frank，t be sure，t tell (yu) the truth，t be hnest，t make matters wrse等。T tell yu the truth，it’s all Greek t me. 说实话，我对此一窍不通。
(1)“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行He lay n the grass with his eyes lking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。(2)“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成With his hair cut，he lked much yunger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(3)“with＋名词/代词＋不定式”，不定式表示动作尚未发生With a lt f hmewrk t d，I can’t g skating with yu.因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
1.分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，就用非谓语动词。
【典例】　During the Mid－Autumn Festival，family members ften gather tgether ________(share) a meal，admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
解析　句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。分析句子结构可知，句子为简单句，且谓语动词为gather，故空处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。
2.找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系
非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。 分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式。
【典例】　Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time ________(spend) with his students.
解析　句意：吉姆已经退休，但他仍记得与学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，the happy time与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。
3.判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如t have dne，having dne表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；t be ding，ding表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
【典例】　He is thught ________(act) flishly.Nw he has n ne but himself t blame fr lsing the jb.
解析　句意：他被认为是举止愚蠢的，现在失去这份工作他只能责怪自己，不能怨别人。be thught t d sth表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。
答案　t have acted
单句语法填空/单句改错
1.(2022·湖北襄阳模拟)In celebratin f China Cultural and Natural Heritage Day, which ____________ (fall) n the secnd Saturday f June, the Sichuan Prvincial Department f Culture and Turism jined hands with China Cultural Centers verseas ____________ (launch) an nline exhibitin ____________ (feature) intangible (无形的) cultural heritage frm Sichuan prvince.
2.(2022·四川绵阳三诊)A heartbreaking image f the wman，____________ (take) inside the Prt Melburne supermarket at midday n Thursday and shared n sme scial media by Nine News reprter Seb Cstell, started an utpuring f feelings frm the public, with many ____________ (express) their willingness t help the lady and thers currently suffering.3.(2022·山东威海期末)Being happy, nce it is recgnized as a duty and develps int a habit，____________ (pen) drs int amazing gardens which are full f thankful friends.
4.(2022·湖北武汉6月模拟)T study smething—nt because we’re lking t gain anything in particular, but purely t enjy natural wnders—____________ (be) all that makes us human.5.(2022·河北衡水中学联考)My grandfather ____________ (raise) in China because his great grandfather mved there in the mid－19th century ____________ (establish) the first hspital and university f Western medicine in China.6.(2022·浙江温州二模)A shrt nap is a wiser chice than drinking black cffee, since ____________ (take) caffeine in the afternn r evening can badly affect yur nighttime sleep.
t establish
taking/t take
7.(2022·皖北协作区联考)Tday, with the Belt and Rad Initiative in full swing, the city f Quanzhu, the starting pint f the ancient Maritime Silk Rad, is back in the limelight, ____________ (play) an imprtant rle in cnnecting China with the rest f the wrld.8.(2022·陕西咸阳模拟)____________ (cnvince) that he wuld change his bad luck, Santiag tk his bat far ut int the Gulf Stream, where the water is very deep, and hked a giant marlin fish which was even lnger than his fishing bat.
9.(2022·山西大学附中月考)China first verpass fr wildlife migratin has already cme int use. The bridge ____________ (lie) ver the newly cnstructed Natinal Highway 214 is able t link animal habitats ____________ (separate) by the rad. It’s abut tw years since the natinal highway began and it is designed with envirnmental prtectin as a tp pririty.10.(2022·皖南八校联考)The regin has muntainus landscape. As a result，the mdernizatin has been slw，allwing many peple ____________ (keep) their traditinal lifestyles and cultures.
11.(2022·河北石家庄一模)Thank yu s much fr nt nly giving me life, but als teach me hw t be a gd persn.__________________12.(2022·河北名校联考)My brther was s fnd f the museums there that he begged my parents t staying anther cuple f days.__________________13.(2022·四川绵阳二诊)He shwed his mther the beautiful snake and begged her t let him keeping it.__________________14.(2022·哈师大附中一模)Mst children feel frighten when they first g t schl, because they are nt familiar with schl at all.___________________15.(2022·山西四校联考)We must face the present situatin and take immediate actin t slving ur envirnmental prblems tgether.__________________
teach→teaching
staying→stay
keeping→keep
frighten→frightened
slving→slve
1.(2021·浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver ____________ (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.2.(2021·全国甲卷)It is pssible ____________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.3.(2021·全国甲卷)After ____________ (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
4.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur ____________ (ache) legs.5.(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact f ____________ (visit) the place.6.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim ____________ (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.7.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers carries special significance.They represent the earth ____________(cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
8.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ) Many museums are lively places and they attract a lt f visitrs.As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in histry r ____________ (walk) thrugh a rainfrest.9.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds ____________ (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.10.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I like eating ____________ (fry) tmates with eggs, and I thught it must be easy t ck.
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I tell my mm that if we’re frced eat things, we may becme ill._________________2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”．_________________3.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage ne, I will pen mre.____________________4.(全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by sell the fish._________________
manage→managing
sell→selling
5.(全国卷Ⅲ)Everyne was silent，wait t see wh wuld be called upn t read his r her paragraph alud._________________6.(全国卷Ⅲ)Sme f us were cnfident and eager take part in the class activity; thers were nervus and anxius._________________7.(全国卷Ⅲ)I shwed them I was independent by wear strange clthes._________________
wait→waiting
wear→wearing
8.(全国卷Ⅱ)After lks at the ty fr sme time, he turned arund and fund his parents were missing._________________9.(四川卷)We’ve been spending a lt f time sing in karake bars._________________10.(浙江卷)I enjyed sit clse t the windws and lking at the view._________________
sing→singing
sit→sitting
Petry is a beautiful art frm. Its pwer lies in the ability 1.____________ (transfrm) rdinary experiences by capturing a mment r emtin. 2.__________________ (write) petry is a privilege and struggle. That is partly because we need t create urselves in a new way f 3._______________ (bserve) the wrld, capturing micrscpic mments as materials fr ur wrk. Mst f ur time at the desk is spent 4.__________________ (struggle) with ur
imaginatin, and we knw that a successful pem arrives n the back f failure. There are mments when an idea will nt translate nt paper. Yet, failure is gd, because every 5.____________ (abandn) line we painstakingly remve prepares us fr the ripe pem arund the crner.
1.t transfrm　[ability, chance, wish等名词常用不定式作后置定语，故填t transfrm。]2.Writing　[分析句子结构可知，write在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句缺少主语，应用动名词短语作主语，位于句首单词首字母要大写。故填Writing。]3.bserving　[设空前是介词f，故该空填动词的－ing形式作宾语， a way f ding sth “做某事的方法”。]
4.struggling　[spent的宾语是Mst f ur time，故此处是spend time (in) ding sth结构，此处应填动词的－ing形式作介词in的宾语，填struggling。]5.abandned　[分析句子结构可知，abandn在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与line是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语，表“废弃的”，故填abandned。]
It was Tree Planting Day last Saturday.Our teacher，Mr.Li asked us plant tress n the nearby hill.We arrived here at 8 ’clck in the mrning，each with at least a shwed us hw t plant trees，but then we started digging，planting and watered.I was very excited because I have never planted trees set a gd example t myself.“I must learn abut him，” I said t myself.In the all，we planted ver tw hundreds trees.We lked happy at the rws f trees，frgetting ur tiredness.
①不定式符号漏用。ask sb t d sth为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”，所以需要在plant前面加t。②副词误用。根据语境可知，此处表远指，表示早上八点时，我们到达了那里，所以将here改为there。③连词误用。根据句意“李老师教我们如何种树，然后我们开始挖坑、种树、浇水”可知，前后为递进关系，所以将but改为and。④非谓语动词误用。分析句子结构可知，water在句中应用非谓语动词形式，water与前面的digging，planting并列，同作started的宾语，所以将watered改为watering。
⑤时态误用。根据句意“我非常激动，因为我之前从来没有种过树”可知，此处“没有种过树”为过去的过去发生的动作，时态应该用过去完成时，所以将have改为had。⑥代词误用。根据句意“李老师给我树立了良好的榜样”可知，此处代词应该用“我”的宾格，所以将myself改为me。⑦介词误用。此处表示“我必须向他学习”，应用learn frm sb，意为“向某人学习”，所以将abut改为frm。learn abut“听到，得知”。⑧冠词多用。in all为固定表达，意为“总共，总计”，所以将all前面的the删除。