2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件1

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件1，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精讲，难点释疑，解题策略，as　，易错聚焦，达标检测，whose　，which　，who　，when　等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields.有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。I have many friends t whm I’m ging t send pstcards.我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片给他们。Children wh are nt active r whse diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
He will tell yu everything that he heard abut it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。This is the factry(which/that)we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。As we knw，smking is harmful t ne’s health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
There are ccasins when(＝n which)ne must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where(＝in which) I was brn.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reasn why(＝fr which)he refused ur ffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
特别提示： whse指人或物，作定语。表示“……的”，可以转换为“f ＋关系代词”，指人时可以用f whm，指物时可以换成f which。The prize will g t the writer whse stry/f whm the stry shws the mst imaginatin.所写故事最具想象力的作家将获奖。
There seems t be nthing that seems impssible fr him in the wrld.对他来说世界上好像没有不可能的事。D yu knw the things and persns that they are talking abut?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？My huse，which I bught last year，has gt a lvely garden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
The reasn fr which he refused the invitatin is nt clear.他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。What’s that which was put in the car?被放入车内的是什么？
1．关系副词when引导的定语从句先行词是表示时间的名词，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，引导词常用关系副词when，when在从句中充当时间状语，也可用“介词＋which”结构代替。
I still remember the day when I first came t this schl.我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。The film brught the hurs back t me，when I was taken gd care f in that faraway village.这部电影把我带回到在那个偏僻的村子我被细心照顾的岁月。The bk was written in 1946，since when the educatin system has witnessed great changes.这本书写于1946年。自那时以来，教育制度已经历了巨大的变化。
2．关系副词where引导的定语从句(1)先行词是表示地点的名词时，从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，引导词常用关系副词where，where在从句中充当地点状语。Jane paused in frnt f a cunter where sme attractive ties were n display.简停留在一个柜台前，一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。
(2)有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词，像activity，business，career，case，jb，pint，psitin，race，stage，situatin等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的处境中对他们是有帮助的。
3．关系副词why引导的定语从句关系副词why引导定语从句时，修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作原因状语，可用fr which代替，有时也可以省略。The reasn why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。
1．一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2．表示“整体和部分关系”或所属关系以及同位关系时，常用介词f。在sme，any，few，nne，all，bth，neither，mst，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用f which/whm。Jhn invited abut 40 peple t his wedding，mst f whm are the family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3．有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head sn appeared ut f the windw，frm where he saw nthing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(frm where相当于frm ut f the windw，而不是frm the windw)
1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，代指整句话(或一部分)内容，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。As everybdy knws，China is a develping cuntry. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
2．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时，意为“这，这一点”。M Yan was awarded the Nbel Prize fr Literature in 2012, which made ne f the Chinese peple’s lng-held dreams cme true. 莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。
3．as常用在下列习惯用语中。as (it) ften happens，as I remember，as is ften the case，as is expected，as is knwn t us，as is shwn等。He shuts when he gets angry，as is ften the case. 他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。
4．“such/s… as… ”表“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。Last term ur maths teacher set s difficult an examinatin prblem as nne f us wrked ut.上学期我们数学老师出了一道很难的考试题，没有一个人能解出来。
5．“the same… that… ”表同一个人或物，而“the same… as… ”表同种类的东西。I wuld like t use the same tl as yu used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。I wuld like t use the same tl that yu used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。
1．关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。The recrder that has been given t me is hmemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。
2．“ne f＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当ne前有the，the nly，the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。He is ne f the students wh have made great prgress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
难点一　先行词是way时，关系词的选用先行词是way时，若关系词在从句中充当方式状语，关系词用in which，that或省略；若关系词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语时，关系词用that或which，且作宾语时，关系词可省略。试比较：
It must be the way(that/in which) yu write that leads t yur ugly handwriting.一定是你写字的方式导致了你难看的书写。The way (that/which) yu came up with at the meeting yesterday is well wrth trying.昨天你在会议上提出的方法很值得一试。
难点二　先行词是time时，关系词的选用先行词是time时，如果time作“次数”讲，应当用关系代词that来引导定语从句；time作“时刻”“一段时间”讲时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用关系副词when或at/in/during which，若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等，则用that/which。This is the secnd time (that) the president has visited the cuntry.这是总统第二次访问这个国家了。There was a time when/during which there were n radis r TV sets.曾经有一段时间既没有收音机也没有电视机。
难点三　定语从句和其他句式的区别
策略一　根据从句所缺成分来确定关系词1．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that；非限制性定语从句中用wh。2．如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm；非限制性定语从句中用whm；缺少表语，限制性定语从句用that；非限制性定语从句用wh。
3．如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句中用which；缺少表语，限制性定语从句用that；非限制性定语从句用which。4．如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where；如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。
5．不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whse。6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whm；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。
策略二　巧用固定结构选用关系词当题干中出现such，the same等或行为动词的被动语态时，就可考虑关系词as的固定结构，如such… as… ，the same… as… ，as is knwn，as is expected。但还要注意看定语从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果不缺这三种句子成分，则不用as。
【典例】　Thse huses are sld at such a lw price _____ peple expected.解析：本空应用关系词引导定语从句并在从句中作expected的宾语；空处所填词与前面的such构成固定结构such… as… ，表示“像……那样的……”，因此这里用as引导定语从句。
(一)定语从句意识缺失1．关系代词被普通代词取代(误)I have many cllectins f stamps, sme f them are my favrite.(正)I have many cllectins f stamps, sme f which are my favrite.
2．关系代词遗漏(误)The last ne leaves the classrm please clse the windws.(正)The last ne wh leaves the classrm please clse the windws.第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。
(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句1．有从无主式(误)my friend Jane, wh is very friendly t us classmates.(正)My friend Jane is very friendly t us classmates.(正)My friend Jane, wh is very friendly t us classmates, has a variety f hbbies. 第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。
2．画蛇添足式(误)As can be seen frm the picture, that a sad by stands between his angry parents.(误)As can be seen frm the picture, a man wh is talking happily.(误)I have many cllectins f stamps, and sme f which are my favrite.
第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以应去掉that。第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的wh是多余的。第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．(2020·新高考卷)The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ____________ pened in 1759．解析：考查定语从句。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
which/that　
2．(2020·天津卷改编)Dr. Rwan, _______ secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。________ secretary resigned tw weeks ag是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rwan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rwan’s”，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whse引导该从句。故填whse。
3．(2020·江苏卷改编)Many lessns are nw available nline, frm _______ students can chse fr free. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessns，关系词在从句中做介词frm的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．(2020·新课标卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almst lifelike. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且关系词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
5．(2019·新课标III卷)They were well trained by their masters _____ had great experience with caring fr these animals. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填wh。
6．(2019·浙江卷)On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ____________gives ff light in the dark. 解析：考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是clth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
that/which　
7．(2019·北京卷)The students benefiting mst frm cllege are thse _____ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。________ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life．是定语从句，修饰先行词thse，空格处在句中作主语，代指人。故填wh。
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 ____________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes. 解析：考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，定语从句关系词在定语从句中作主语。故填that/which。
9．(2019·江苏卷改编) We have entered int an age ______ dreams have the best chance f cming true. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以关系词用when。
10．(2019·天津卷改编)Their child is at the stage _______ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。
11．(2019·新课标II卷)Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9 a．m. t 5 p．m. daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield，_______ she pened with her late husband Les. 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shp，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作pened一词的宾语，故用which。
12．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, _____ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty. 解析：引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用wh。
13．(浙江)Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt swept int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, _______ it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted(生长) thrugh it. 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
14．(全国Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, ______ I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild. 解析：先行词是表示时间的the mid-1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。
15．(全国Ⅲ )Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, _____ lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C．, influenced the develpment f chpsticks. 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语。故填wh。
Ⅱ．单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．(2020·新课标卷Ⅱ)Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy. what改为which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yur letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。
2．(2020·新课标卷Ⅲ) Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd what is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.what改为that解析：考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the fd，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改为that。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They als had a small pnd, which they raised fish. which前加in或改为where解析：考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pnd是先行词，后面的定语从句缺少地点状语，故用in which或where。
4．(新课标全国Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternn prvides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might nt be served until 8 ’clck at night.that→which解析：此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dinner，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用which而不能用that。
5．(重庆)There, Katia will intrduce me t sme f her friends, ne f wh has been t China several times.wh→whm解析：因为关系词指人，并且作f的宾语，只能用whm，不能用wh。
6．(2019·全国高考Ⅲ卷)In the cafe, custmers will enjy yurselves in the histrical envirnment that is created fr them. yurselves改为themselves解析：本句考查代词的用法。custmers是句子的主语，故把 yurselves改为 themselves。
7．(全国卷Ⅲ)Arund me in this picture are the things they were very imprtant in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.they→which/that解析：things是先行词，后面是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，故引导词用that或which。
Ⅲ．语法填空There was a time 1.______ I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English. And this was the reasn 2.______ my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl. When I first came t the club， 3.________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much. S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme. Frtunately, my guide, 4.________ teacher was Yu Minhng, cmmunicated with me face t face, frm 5.________ I gained sme useful instructins. He als shwed me a gd partner, and we gt alng well with each ther.
Gradually I adapted t the life there. Every day I wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6.____________ we did. I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide, 7._____ encuraged me t fall in lve with English. Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int 8.________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my wrds and passages alud. In class I jin in English discussins. Befre I g t sleep, I recall the passages，thrugh 9._______ I can memrize a large number f new wrds. 10._____ ur English teacher says，“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance, yu will cnquer English sner r later．”
文章大意：本文为记叙文，叙述了作者参加俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣。作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。解析：1．句意：有一段时间，我讨厌学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when… “有一段时间……”。故填when。2．This is/was the reasn why… “这就是……的原因”。故填why。
3．先行词是the club，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。4．先行词是my guide，代入定语从句后为：My guide’s teacher was Yuminhng. 由此可见，先行词与teacher之间是所属关系。故填whse。5．先行词为句子“My guide cmmunicated with me face t face”，关系词在定语从句中作介词frm的宾语，且frm提前。故填which。6．先行词是activities，且定语从句中缺宾语。故填关系代词that/which。7．先行词为My father and the guide，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“人”，所以用wh引导。故填wh。
8．先行词为English,关系词在定语从句中作介词int的宾语，且介词int已被提前。故填which。9．句意：每天入睡前我总是回忆学的文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的英语生词。先行词为I recall the passages，关系词在定语从句中作介词thrugh的宾语，且介词已被提前。故填which。10．句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会征服英语。”非限制性定语从句置于句首，后面引号内直接引语的内容为先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作宾语。故填as引导。
Ⅳ．短文改错A cave there were ver 200 paintings was discvering in Australia eight years ag. T peple’s surprises, the cave was fund by chance n a day where sme peple were walking in the area. Sme f the paintings were at least 3,000 years ld. Hwever, the site f the cave was s very difficult t reach that it takes a lng time befre researchers culd visit it.
The reasn that the exact lcatin f the site is kept secret is that the cave needs t be prtected frm being visited by visitrs which dn’t realize hw easy it is t damage the paintings.The paintings in that peple and animals can still be seen tday is extreme valuable.