2022-2023学年上海市华东师范大学第三附属中学高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市华东师范大学第三附属中学高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了英语试题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

华东师大附中2022学年第一学期期末考试
高一 英语试题
时间：90分钟 满分： 100分
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A 10% (1’*10)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about it. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 5 minutes. B. 10 minutes. C. 15 minutes. D. 20 minutes.
2. A. In a park. B. In a flower shop.
C. In a gallery. D. In a supermarket.
3. A. The woman asked god to forgive the man.
B. The woman did something wrong.
C. The man didn’t consider cooking easy.
D. The man cut his finger when cooking.
4. A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and secretary.
C. Taxi driver and passenger. D. Teacher and student.
5. A. Tom has no artist talent. B. Tom has improved his art.
C. Tom is a very professional artist. D. Tom is a popular artist.
6. A. The woman should have complained to her neighbors.
B. The woman should stay out until the neighbors are quiet.
C. The woman should have stayed at the library.
D. The woman should know the lab will be a better place.
7. A. Give Jane another phone call.
B. Directly ask Jane over the phone.
C. Speak to each other in person.
D. Believe that things are getting better.
8. A. The danger of the sea. B. The colors of the fish.
C. The feelings of the fish. D. The protection of the fish.
9. A. Fine her for breaking the traffic regulation.
B. Teach her how to drive in a one-way street.
C. Show her the way to the police station.
D. Let her go without any punishment.
10. A. It didn’t rain.
B. The weather was bad.
C. It was much cooler than expected.
D. It was warm enough to go swimming.
Section B 12% (2’*6)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and one longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. The pollution by industry.
B. The increase in numbers of people.
C. The crowding of large groups of people.
D. The shortage of the supply for the needs of the people.
12. A. 6 billion. B. 12 billion. C. 250 million. D. 2 billion.
13. A. All the Earth’s resources are almost used up.
B. In 1850 the world population reached a billion.
C. The world’s population is increasing with years.
D. Man must fight a battle against population pollution.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.
14. A. To get some cash. B. To know the exchange rate.
C. To fix the computer system. D. To talk to Henry.
15. A. Australia. B. New Zealand. C. Germany. D. Europe.
16. A. To travel around Europe.
B. To try some great food.
C. To take buses in America.
D. To remember the names of some restaurants.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A 12% (1’*12)
(A)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Wood Houses
In the fairy tale Three Little Pigs, the second little pig built his house from sticks. Unluckily, it ____1____(blow) away by a wolf, which swallowed him without hesitation. However, in the real world it would help reduce pollution and slow global warming if more builders copied the wood-loving second pig.
In 2015 world leaders ____2____ (meet) in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions(排放) in the second half of this century. Buildings can become ____3____ (green). They can use more recycled steel etc. But no other building material has environmental benefits as exciting and overlooked as wood.
【答案】1. was blown
2. meeting 3. greener
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了用木头建造的房子有助于减少污染和减缓全球变暖。2015年，世界各国领导人在巴黎会晤，就在本世纪下半叶实现温室气体净排放为零达成一致。
【1题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：不幸的是，房子被一只狼吹走了，狼毫不犹豫地把小猪吞了下去。此处在主句中作谓语，由上句“In the fairy tale Three Little Pigs, the second little pig built his house from sticks.”可知，用一般过去时描述了《三只小猪》的故事，因此此处应用一般过去时，且it(代指上文提到的木房子)和动词短语blow away(吹走)为被动关系，此处应用一般过去时的被动，主语是it，be动词应用was，故填was blown。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2015年，世界各国领导人在巴黎会晤，就在本世纪下半叶实现温室气体净排放为零达成一致。句中有谓语动词agreed，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰world leaders，且动词meet(见面)和world leaders之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作定语，故填meeting。
【3题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：建筑物可以变得更环保。此处应用形容词作表语，由句意和下文“more recycled”可知，此处表示在2015年建筑物会更加环保，应用形容词比较级greener(更环保的)，故填greener。
(B)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How to learn a new language
It can be really hard to learn a new language. I had always enjoyed learning languages in school, but only recently did I start learning German. I found that I could understand and learn individual words easily, but when it came to literature, I really ____4____ (struggle). That was when my tutor at university suggested ____5____ (read) some children’s books printed in the target language.
At first, I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book ____6____ (design) for someone half my age, but then I realized that everyone has to start somewhere. As children, we ____7____ (give) these basic texts to familiarize our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures, and from there, we can learn and develop. I started with books which are taught to us as children in the UK. I managed ____8____ (find) Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl.
The beauty of reading books ____9____ were introduced to you as a child is that you are already familiar with the plot. Therefore you ____10____ work out some words with your knowledge of the story. At first, I used to read with the book in one hand and a dictionary in the other, but this did not work well, and I often felt puzzled about ____11____ I had read. The method I would recommend is to read a chapter first and at the end of that chapter, highlight the new words and then look up the definitions. If you can wait a bit ____12____ using a dictionary, you may be surprised what you can understand merely from the context. Additionally, a lot of children’s books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring.
【答案】4. struggled
5. reading 6. designed
7. are given
8. to find 9. that##which
10. can 11. what
12. before##without
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文章中讲述了自己学习德语的经历，并结合自己经历阐述如何学习一门新的语言。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：我发现我可以很容易地理解和学习单个单词，但说到文学，我真的很吃力。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由前文“but when it came to literature”可知此句为一般过去时。故填struggled。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当时我大学的导师建议我读一些用目标语言印刷的儿童读物。suggest doing sth表示“建议做某事”符合句意，设空处填read的动名词形式作suggest的宾语。故填reading。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：起初，我觉得去寻找一本为年龄只有我一半的人设计的书有点愚蠢，但后来我意识到每个人都必须从某个地方开始。设空处在句中作后置定语修饰名词“a book”，动词design与名词“a book”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，设空处应填design的过去分词表被动。故填designed。
【7题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：作为孩子，我们被赋予了这些基本的文本，以使我们的大脑熟悉某些词汇和写作结构，从那里，我们可以学习和发展。设空处在句中作谓语动词，主语“we”与动词give是被动关系，应该用被动语态，由句中“we can learn and develop”以及句意可知此句为一般现在时，描述的是客观事实，所以设空处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是we，故填are given。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我找到了查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》和罗尔德·达尔的《詹姆斯与大仙桃》。manage to do sth表示“设法做成某事”符合句意，设空处填find的不定式。故填to find。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：阅读小时候介绍给你的书的美妙之处在于你已经熟悉了故事情节。分析句子结构以及句意可知，“________were introduced to you as a child”是限定性定语从句，修饰名词“books”，设空处在从句中作主语，指代先行词“books”，表示物，应该用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：因此，你可以根据你对这个故事的了解理解一些单词。空后为动词原形，分析句意可知，情态动词can“可以，能够”，符合句意，因此，设空处应该填情态动词can。故填can。
【11题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：起初，我常常一手拿着书，一手拿字典看书，但这并不奏效，我经常对自己读过的内容感到困惑。分析句子结构及句意可知，“_____I had read”是宾语从句，设空处在从句中作read宾语，表示“读过的内容”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：如果你能等一会儿再用字典，你就会对自己仅凭上下文所能理解的内容感到惊讶。结合句意分析，这里要表达“在使用字典之前”，介词before“在……之前”符合句意；此外，此句句意也可表达为：如果你能稍等片刻而不查字典，你就会对自己仅凭上下文所能理解的内容感到惊讶。without doing sth意为“不（做某事），没有……”符合句意，因此，设空处也可填介词without。故填before/without。
Section B 20% (2’*10)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. serve B. shape C. sharing D. released E. spread
F. willingly G. questioned H. separately I. practice J. preparing K.creating
Communal Eating?
In China, communal eating (合餐共食) is considered very important for forming a close relationship. In the memories of most Chinese, one of the happiest moments in their lives was seated around a table with families or friends, ____13____ dishes and chatting over wine.
In the campaign against the COVID-19 outbreak, this dining tradition has been greatly ____14____. Since each diner picks food out of the communal plates on a bite-by-bite basis with their chopsticks, the virus can be transferred from saliva (唾液) to chopsticks to the dish. What’s worse, diners often ____15____ others with their own utensils, such as chopsticks or spoons, to express friendliness and care. Several cases of coronavirus are thought to have ____16____ through families when sharing food during the Chinese New Year period.
Communal eating has thus become a target of both governments and restaurants. Posters have been ____17____ by local governments to encourage people to use serving utensils. Concerned about customers being very careful about returning to restaurants, the catering industry (餐饮业) has ____18____ joined the campaign. For example, many restaurants, once allowed to reopen, have immediately sprung into action, particularly offering set meals for one single person.
These changes are likely to continue and could be encouraged by local regulations, as eating together ____19____ can always protect the public health. The measures will ____20____ the traditional mealtime manners.
The move away from a traditional cultural ____21____ is ongoing. But as an expert said, “In modern times to eat individually may lose some tradition, but it can also mean more opportunities for ______22______ something new in Chinese food and eating habits.”
【答案】13. C 14. G
15. A 16. E
17. D 18. F
19. H 20. B
21. I 22. K
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球新冠疫情的大背景下，中国传统的合餐制受到挑战和质疑。为了保护公众的健康，政府和餐饮业大力倡导分餐制，这也意味着有更多的机会创造新的中式菜肴和用餐习惯。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：在大多数中国人的记忆中，他们生活中最快乐的时刻之一是与家人或朋友围坐在桌旁，共享饭菜，把酒聊天。分析句子可知，空格处词与and之后的chatting over wine为并列成分，在句中作伴随状语，应用现在分词，sharing“分享”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：在抗击新冠肺炎疫情的运动中，这一饮食传统受到广泛质疑。分析句子结构及句意可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，与前面的has been构成被动语态，表“（饮食传统）受到质疑”，questioned“质疑”为动词，符合句意。故选G项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：更糟糕的是，用餐者经常用自己的器具为别人夹菜，如筷子或勺子，以表达友好和关心。分析句子可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，使用一般现在时，表述特定习俗，serve“上菜”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些冠状病毒病例被认为是在中国农历新年期间，因家庭聚餐而传播扩散的。分析空格前的to have可知，空格处为句中不定式的完成式，应使用动词过去分词形式，spread“传播；蔓延”为动词，符合句意。故选E项。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：当地政府一直发布公益广告，鼓励人们使用公筷公勺。分析句子结构，并结合句意可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，与前面的has been构成被动语态，表“（大幅广告）被发布”，released“公布；发行”为动词，符合句意。故选D项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：考虑到顾客对在餐厅堂食心存顾虑，餐饮业欣然地加入到这场运动中来。分析句子可知，空格处应为谓语动词has joined的修饰成分，副词willingly，意为“欣然地；心甘情愿地”，作状语，符合句意。故选F项。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：这些变化很可能会持续下去，并可能受到当地法规的鼓励，因为分开用餐总是可以保护公众健康。分析句子可知，空格处应为动名词eating的修饰成分，副词separately，此处意为“分开用餐”，作状语，符合句意。故选H项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些措施将影响传统的用餐方式。分析句子可知，空格处为句中的谓语动词，与前面的助动词will构成一般将来时，shape“塑造；影响”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国社会正在逐渐远离合餐制的传统文化习俗。根据空格前cultural可知，空格处应填名词，作from的宾语，practice“习俗；习惯”为名词，符合句意。故选I项。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现代生活中的分餐制可能会使我们丢掉一些传统，但这也意味着有更多的机会创造新的中式菜肴和用餐习惯。分析空格前的for可知，空格处为句中非谓语动词作宾语，应使用动名词形式，creating“创造”为动词，符合句意。故选K项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A 10% (1’*10)
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Many computers in the world are like some untidy people who never take a shower, never brush their teeth and never wash their clothes. If you met a person like this, you would probably not want to go anywhere near him and you ____23____ would not let him live in your house. So, why do people not have the same attitude towards their computers?
When people talk about keeping computers clean, it does not involve taking off the lid and washing all the parts inside! Instead, it means ____24____ all harmful programs, spyware and viruses from your computer. These not only cause computers to run more slowly, but also make them ____25____ as well. When this happens, you are likely to lose important files, and spend a lot of money ____26____ your computer. No one wants to pay unnecessary money, but this can be avoided if you take our advice below.
Here are seven tips on keeping your computer protected, both at home and at work.
1. Make sure that your computer has a firewall program (a piece of software which blocks harmful viruses, spyware etc. from getting onto your hard drive).
2. Never open any file that is attached to an e-mail, even from a friend, ____27____ you are completely sure of what it contains. If you do, you may get a bad surprise when you discover you have let a(n) ____28____ onto your computer.
3. To protect yourself against spyware, only download software from websites that you know you can ____29____.
4. Programs that share music and films should be run very carefully, as many are known to increase the risks of spyware and hacking.
5. To protect against hacking, make sure that all your passwords are ____30____ different letters, numbers or symbols, and avoid using simple words or your date of birth. Never use the same password for more than one site.
6. Make sure that you regularly update the operating system, such as ‘Windows’, on your computer, so that it protects you as much as it can.
7. If you leave your computer for a long time, disconnected it from the Internet. Do not leave it running all night while ____31____— the longer you are online, the greater the chances of something attacking your computer.
Remember that a(n) ____32____ computer is a healthy one — with a little effort, you can save yourself a great deal of time and money in the future.
23. A. possibly B. regularly C. certainly D. hardly
24. A. closing B. adapting C. affording D. removing
25. A. crash B. work C. disappear D. update
26. A. cleaning B. washing C. recycling D. repairing
27. A. when B. unless C. though D. because
28. A. virus B. file C. e-mail D. picture
29. A. use B. find C. trust D. visit
30. A. made out of B. made up of C. made use of D. made sure of
31. A. charged B. operated C. connected D. managed
32. A. clean B. latest C. expensive D. convenient
【答案】23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了计算机要保持清洁，经常清理，介绍了保护电脑的七个建议。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你遇到这样的人，你可能不想接近他，你肯定不会让他住在你的房子里。A. possibly可能地；B. regularly定期地；C. certainly当然；D. hardly几乎不。根据上文“Many computers in the world are like some untidy people who never take a shower, never brush their teeth and never wash their clothes.(世界上的许多计算机就像一些从不洗澡、从不刷牙、从不洗衣服的不整洁的人)”可知，这里指不会让不整洁的人住在自己的房子里，certainly符合语境。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，这意味着从你的电脑中删除所有有害的程序、间谍软件和病毒。A. closing关闭；B. adapting适应；C. affording买得起；D. removing去除。根据后文“all harmful programs, spyware and viruses from your computer”指从电脑中删除所有有害的程序、间谍软件和病毒。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些不仅会导致电脑运行速度变慢，还会导致电脑死机。A. crash死机；B. work工作；C. disappear消失；D. update更新。根据上文“These not only cause computers to run more slowly, but also make them”可知，导致电脑运行速度变慢，还会导致电脑死机。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这种情况发生时，你很可能会丢失重要的文件，并花很多钱来修理你的电脑。A. cleaning清理；B. washing洗涤；C. recycling回收；D. repairing修理。根据上文“When this happens, you are likely to lose important files, and spend a lot of money”可知，电脑出故障要花钱修理。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：永远不要打开任何附在电子邮件上的文件，即使是来自朋友的，尽管你完全确定它包含什么内容。A. when当……时候；B. unless除非；C. though即使；D. because因为。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，应用though。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你可能会得到一个坏的惊喜，当你发现你已经让病毒进入你的计算机。A. virus病毒；B. file文件；C. e-mail邮件；D. picture图片。根据上文“you may get a bad surprise”可知，坏的惊喜，说明文件携带病毒。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护自己免受间谍软件的侵害，只从你知道自己可以信任的网站下载软件。A. use使用；B. find找到；C. trust信任；D. visit拜访。根据上文“To protect yourself against spyware, only download software from websites that you know you can”可知，要保护自己免受间谍软件的侵害，应该是只从你知道自己可以信任的网站下载软件。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了防止黑客入侵，确保你所有的密码都由不同的字母、数字或符号组成，避免使用简单的单词或你的出生日期。A. made out of制造；B. made up of组成；C. made use of利用；D. made sure of确保。根据后文“different letters, numbers or symbols”指密码要由不同的字母、数字或符号组成。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要让它在连接的情况下整夜联网——你在线的时间越长，电脑受到攻击的可能性就越大。A. charged收费；B. operated操作；C. connected连接；D. managed设法。根据后文“the longer you are online, the greater the chances of something attacking your computer”可知，你在线的时间越长，电脑受到攻击的可能性就越大，说明不应该让电脑整夜联网。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：请记住，一台干净的计算机是一台健康的计算机——只需稍加努力，将来就可以为自己节省大量的时间和金钱。A. clean干净的；B. latest最新的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. convenient方便的。根据后文“computer is a healthy one”可知，健康的计算机也是干净，没有中病毒的计算机。故选A。
Section B 16% (2’*8)
Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Many people say that they have seen creatures such as yetis and mermaids. However, the existence of these creatures has never been proven. Despite this, these creatures frequently appear as characters in literature, films and television programmes. Below are some of the most well-known mythical creatures, which you may talk about when telling bedtime stories.
Yetis: There are many stories about sightings of a large, hairy creature that lives in the snow-covered mountains of the Himalayas. It is said to resemble a giant ape and walk like a man. Many scientists have visited the Himalayas in search of this giant creature, and though they have never seen a yeti, many people claim to have seen huge footprints in the snow. Due to the cold and dangerous conditions in the mountains, it is impossible for humans to explore there for long, so it is difficult to know what creatures may live there. See also Bigfoot a similar creature from North America.
Phoenixes: The phoenix is a bird that is said to be the size of an eagle and to have colourful feathers. Many stories report that the phoenix lives a long life and that once it grows old it will make a nest and set itself on fire. After the phoenix’s body has been consumed by the flames, it will be born again from the ashes. It is thought to represent the Sun, which sets every evening and rises again each morning. Stories of the phoenix are found in countries throughout Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Mermaids: A mermaid is a creature that lives in the sea. The upper part of a mermaid’s body is human while the lower part is a fish’s tail. Stories of mermaids have been around for thousands of years and exist in many cultures. In British stories, mermaids are often portrayed as evil creatures that give sailors false information leading to their deaths. There are, however, many stories showing mermaids as beautiful creatures that help humans at sea. Some people believe stories of mermaids were made up by sailors who saw sea mammals such as dolphins.
33. Yetis are thought to live only in ________.
A. Asia and the Americas B. high, snowy mountains
C. cold and dangerous areas D. places with no people
34. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “consumed” in paragraph 3?
A. used up B. eaten immoderately
C decorated beautifully D. destroyed completely
35. Mermaids have been portrayed as both ________.
A evil and kind B. sea and land creatures
C. beautiful and ugly D. dolphins and humans
36. The passage was most probably written for ________.
A. biology teachers B. literature experts
C. young parents D. college students
【答案】33. B 34. D 35. A 36. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经常在文学作品中出现，但未得到过证实的著名的神秘生物。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“There are many stories about sightings of a large, hairy creature that lives in the snow-covered mountains of the Himalayas.(有许多关于生活在喜马拉雅山脉白雪覆盖的山脉中的大型多毛生物的故事。)”可知，在很多故事中，Yetis生活在白雪覆盖的喜马拉雅山脉中，由此可知，人们认为Yetis生活在高的被雪覆盖的山上。故选B项。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Many stories report that the phoenix lives a long life and that once it grows old it will make a nest and set itself on fire.(许多故事报道说，凤凰的寿命很长，一旦它变老，它就会筑巢并自焚。)”可知，很多故事说凤凰会自焚，结合下文中的“it will be born again from the ashes.(它将从灰烬中重生。)”凤凰会在灰烬中重生，由此可知，划线单词所在的句子表示为“凤凰的身体被烧毁后”，所以该单词的意思是“烧毁”。故选D项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据尾段中的“In British stories, mermaids are often portrayed as evil creatures that give sailors false information leading to their deaths. There are, however, many stories showing mermaids as beautiful creatures that help humans at sea.(在英国的故事中，美人鱼经常被描绘成邪恶的生物，给水手提供导致死亡的虚假信息。然而，有许多故事展现的美人鱼是帮助海上人类的美丽生物。)”可知，英国的故事中，美人鱼经常被描述为邪恶的给水手提供虚假信息的生物，也有一些把美人鱼描述为帮助人类的漂亮的生物。故选A项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据首段中的“Below are some of the most well-known mythical creatures, which you may talk about when telling bedtime stories.(以下是一些最著名的神秘生物，您在讲睡前故事时可能会谈论它们。)”可知，本文讲述的神话生物经常是在睡前故事中出现，由此可判断，本文只要是写给年轻的父母的。故选C项。
(B)
The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added — a communications blackout caused by solar storms.
After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.
Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.
“The Sun’s activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites,” said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.
At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. “A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications,” Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.
Next week in America NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.
The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares and explosions as they occur.
Professor Richard Hold away, the lab’s director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth. “If we have advance warning, we’ll be able to reduce the damage. What you don’t want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what’s caused the problem,” he said.
37. The phrase “communications blackout” in paragraph 1 most probably refers to during the 2012 Olympics.
A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch B. the collapse of broadcasting systems
C. the transportation breakdown in London D. the destruction of weather satellites
38. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?
A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.
B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.
C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.
D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.
39. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _________.
A. take images of the solar system B. provide early warning of thunderstorms
C. keep track of solar activities D. improve the communications on Earth
40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger
C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled
【答案】37 B 38. D 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了2012年伦敦奥运会被由太阳风暴引起的通讯中断而困扰，介绍了其发生的原因以及人们对此的应对措施。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.(现在，科学家们认为，这个峰值可能会导致巨大的太阳爆炸，向地球抛射数十亿吨带电物质，引发强烈的太阳风暴，可能会干扰通信卫星，并影响从伦敦发送五次奥运广播的连接)”可知，第一段中的“通讯中断”一词很可能指的是2012年奥运会期间广播系统的崩溃。故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.(在太阳高峰期，当太阳黑子数量最多时，风险是最大的)”可推知，日冕物质抛射后太阳黑子的数量减少。故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available. (下周在美国，NASA计划发射一颗监测太阳活动的卫星——太阳动力学观测卫星，它将拍摄比目前最先进的电视清晰10倍的太阳图像)”可知，美国宇航局将发射一颗卫星来跟踪太阳活动。故选C。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added — a communications blackout caused by solar storms.(2012年伦敦奥运会的问题已经够多了。但是最近又增加了一个——由太阳风暴引起的通讯中断)”结合文章主要说明了2012年伦敦奥运会被由太阳风暴引起的通讯中断而困扰，介绍了其发生原因以及人们对此的应对措施。由此可知，D选项“太阳风暴：人类活动的麻烦”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Section C 8% (2’*4)
Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable sentences to fill in the blanks and complete the passage. There are two extra sentences you do not need.
Never kill a spider!
Even though spiders are nasty crawlers that you probably look down upon, killing them could actually do your house more harm than good. Here’s why.
Besides having long legs and nasty behavior, most people are scared of spiders for one specific reason: their bite. If you’re not sure about the type of spider, there’s always a chance that the spider could be poisonous. ____41____ These types of bites actually don’t come from the innocent brown spiders that make a home within your home. In fact, it’s actually quite difficult for a spider like that to bite you.
So if that’s the case, why are we so drawn to killing spiders? As a matter of fact, it is more likely that spiders help our homes instead of harming them. Since spiders are natural predators(食肉动物), they capture pests, including flies, within your home. ____42____ They go for those nasty indoor pests such as cockroaches and mosquitoes. The more you keep around daddy long-legs, a kind of spider, the fewer mosquitoes you’ll have floating around your home. ____43____ So if you see a spider on its web, you’d better leave that spider alone.
In all, that’s not such a bad thing as spiders kill other pests in your home. ____44____ So you can find many easy solutions to drive spiders away instead of crushing them into pieces.

A. Spiders even prey(捕食) after disease-carrying insects.
B. Then can you have spiders crawling here and there?
C. Spiders often come indoors seeking warmth and food.
D. But that doesn’t necessarily mean you want them anywhere near you.
E. Typical household spiders will create webs where their food source is coming from.
F. However, it has been proven that only about 10 percent of spider bites lead to serious results.
【答案】41. F 42. A 43. E 44. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了杀死蜘蛛对你的房子弊大于利的原因。
【41题详解】
根据下文“These types of bites actually don’t come from the innocent brown spiders that make a home within your home. In fact, it’s actually quite difficult for a spider like that to bite you.”（这些类型的叮咬实际上并不是来自那些在你家里安家落户的无辜的棕色蜘蛛。事实上，那种蜘蛛咬你的事情很难发生）可知，蜘蛛咬人导致严重后果的情况很少，并且有毒的蜘蛛很少咬人。故F选项“然而，事实证明，只有大约10%的蜘蛛咬伤会导致严重后果。”符合题意。故选F项。
【42题详解】
根据上文“Since spiders are natural predators(食肉动物), they capture pests, including flies, within your home.”（由于蜘蛛是自然捕食者，它们会在你家里捕捉害虫，包括苍蝇）根据下文“They go for those nasty indoor pests such as cockroaches and mosquitoes.”（它们喜欢那些讨厌的室内害虫，如蟑螂和蚊子）可知，选项应说明蜘蛛喜欢捕捉捕食携带疾病的昆虫。故A选项“蜘蛛甚至会捕食携带疾病的昆虫”切题。故选A项。
【43题详解】
根据下文“So if you see a spider on its web, you’d better leave that spider alone.”（所以如果你看到一只蜘蛛在网上，你最好离它远点）中的so可知，选项与下文为因果关系，说明其原因。故E选项“典型的家庭蜘蛛会在它们食物来源的地方结网”切题。故选E项。
【44题详解】
根据上文“In all, that’s not such a bad thing as spiders kill other pests in your home.”（总之，这并不是一件坏事，因为蜘蛛会杀死你家里的其他害虫。）根据下文“So you can find many easy solutions to drive spiders away instead of crushing them into pieces.”（所以你可以找到很多简单的方法来赶走蜘蛛，而不是把它们压成碎片。）可知，上文指出蜘蛛对家庭有益，下文提到人们还是想赶走蜘蛛。由此推知，空处与上文为转折关系。故D选项“但这并不一定意味着你想让它们靠近你”切题，承上启下。故选D项。
IV. Translation 12%(3’*4)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
45. 参加体育活动很有可能会缓解精神压力(likely) （汉译英）
【答案】Doing physical exercise is likely to relieve/ease mental pressure.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。“参加体育活动”为do physical exercise，在句中作主语，应用动名词形式，即doing physical exercise，“很有可能做某事”为固定搭配be likely to do，动名词作主语，看成第三人称单数，be动词应用is，“缓解”为动词relieve/ease，“精神压力”为mental pressure，作宾语，故整句翻译为Doing physical exercise is likely to relieve/ease mental pressure.。
46. 从评委的评估来判断，孩子们的课堂表现是极为成功的。(judge) （汉译英）
【答案】Judging from/by the assessment/evaluation from the judges, the children’s performance in class was a great success.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词和时态。分析汉语可知，表示“从评委的评估来判断”为分词短语作状语，译为Judging from/by the assessment/evaluation from the judges，表示“儿童的表现”在句中作主语，应译为the children’s performance，“在课堂上”为定语修饰句子主语，译为in class，表示“是极为成功的”是系表结构，应译为be a great success，根据汉语意思可知，此处描述的为过去的事情，使用一般过去时态，且主语是单数，所以be动词应为was。故翻译为Judging from/by the assessment/evaluation from the judges, the children’s performance in class was a great success.
47. 当我们反思这个月的网上学习，对我们来说重要的是自律。(matter v.) （汉译英）
【答案】When we reflect on studies online, what matters to us is self-discipline.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和从句。分析句子结构可知，“当我们反思这个月的网上学习”为状语从句，“对我们来说重要的是自律”是主句，根据汉语提示，句子描述一般性事实，主从句都为一般现在时，从句为when引导的时间状语从句，主语为为we，谓语为reflect on，宾语为studies online。主句为主系表结构，主语为what引导的主语从句，“重要”为动词matter，“对我们来说重要的是”翻译为what matters to us，系动词为is，表语为self-discipline。故翻译为：When we reflect on studies online, what matters to us is self-discipline.
48. 虽然他为了追逐自己的梦想而把自己推到了极限，但是还是没能实现。(fail) （汉译英）
【答案】Although he pushed himself to the limit to pursue his dream, he failed to achieve it.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和时态。Although引导让步状语从句，从句主语为he；表示“为了追逐自己的梦想而把自己推到了极限”翻译为push himself to the limit to pursue his dream，不定式作目的状语；主句主语为he；表示“没能实现”应用fail to achieve it。句子用一般过去时。故翻译为Although he pushed himself to the limit to pursue his dream, he failed to achieve it.
听力答案：1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. B 12 .B 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. B