2022-2023学年上海市进才中学高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市进才中学高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版），共25页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
上海市进才中学2022学年第一学期英语期末练习
高一英语试卷
(时间100分钟,满分100分)
(2023年1月11日)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She went to the center with her friend. B. She sent a short message to her friend.
C. She told her friend to call her later. D. She asked her friend to come.
2. A. He had some ice cream. B. He had a piece of cake.
C. He had a piece of gum. D. He had something to drink.
3. A. She thinks the man needs a vacation.
B. She thinks the man should be preparing for his tests.
C. She thinks the man doesn’t need to worry about his exams.
D. She’s not interested in surfing.
4. A. Use a different phone. B. Ask Tom to call the secretary.
C. Wait until his secretary gets home. D. Leave before the phone rings.
5. A. He liked Canada in the winter.
B. He liked Canada in spring, summer, and fall.
C. He liked Canada all year round.
D. He did not like Canada.
6. A. Both the man and the woman took the computer course last year.
B. The man took the computer course but the woman didn’t.
C. The woman took the computer course but the man didn’t.
D. Neither the man nor the woman took the computer course.
7. A. He is nervous. B. He is disappointed.
C. He is surprised. D. He is anxious.
8. A. He’s seen the announcement. B. He isn’t sure what the announcement means.
C. He’s uncertain where the hall is. D. He doesn’t know what she’s talking about.
9. A. It is better than his own. B. It was made by a child.
C. It looks terrible. D. It may win a prize.
10. A. Find a cleaner room. B. Have another meeting.
C. Clarify the issues. D. Clean the conference room.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, and you w be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and t conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear question､read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Students liked the food from that shop.
B. It was so convenient for them to get food from that shop.
C. Many students were taking courses on Saturday.
D. That is the only shop which supplies breakfast to the nearby middle school.
12. A. She was sent to hospital in time.
B. She ate only little of the food she bought from that shop.
C. She vomited out most of the food she ate.
D. She was treated by many medical specialists.
13. A. The cause of this poisonous food accident.
B. The number of victims in the accident.
C. The time of this accident.
D. The conditions of most patients.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To dig a hole all the way through the earth.
B. To dig for a jar full of treasures.
C. To dig for worms and insects.
D. To realize their dream by digging.
15. A. They volunteered their help.
B. They admired the two brothers.
C. They thought the two brothers were crazy.
D. They thought the two brothers were ambitious.
16. A. You will find great fun in hard work.
B. Don’t laugh at friends, but give them a hand instead.
C. If you try hard, you will reach the goal you set yourself in your life.
D. The meaning of a goal is to give you a direction to follow in your life.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17 A. They used to be classmates.
B. They are colleagues.
C. They used to be friends.
D. They are a teacher and a student.
18. A. He must be a university teacher.
B. He is studying in London.
C. He is surprised at the woman’s achievements.
D. He hasn’t seen the woman at least for 2 years.
19. A. She was keen on social work even at university.
B. The job gives her a sense of achievement.
C. She enjoys being a volunteer.
D. She finds satisfaction in working for the disabled.
20. A. In a park. B. In a restaurant.
C. In the woman’s office. D. In a waiting room.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when
C. who D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在本章的后面，我们将向读者介绍消费者投诉导致法律变化的案例。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是cases ，在……情况下应用 in this /that case ,注意介词不可少，in which =“where”，故用where引导定语从句。故选A。
2. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ________ hard work was repaid with
the development of the factory.
A. where B. that C. which D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是这家工厂经验丰富的工程师之一，他的辛勤工作随着工厂的发展而得到了回报。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词engineers，这是一个定语从句，从句中不缺主干成分；结合句意可知，先行词engineers与从句主语hard work之间有所属关系，表示“工程师们的努力工作”，由此可知，设空处在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。故选D项。
3. His father was so angry at everything ________ she was doing ________ he walked out.
A. that; that B. which; that C. that; where D. which; as
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：他的父亲对她所做的一切都很生气，所以他离开了。分析句式结构可知，第一个空处是定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，又因为先行词everything是不定代词所以要用关系代词that来引导；第二个空格处和上文的so构成so……that句式，作结果状语，表示“如此……以至于”。故选A项。
4. By the time you get back from Canada, great changes ________ in this area.
A. will take place B. are to take place C. would take place D. will have taken place
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：当你从加拿大回来的时候，这个地区将发生巨大的变化。表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，根据本题中By the time you get back from Canada判断，句中需要将来完成时。故选D。
5. For some time now, world leaders ________ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.
A. pointed B. were pointing
C. have been pointing D. had been pointing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：目前一段时间以来，世界上的领导者们一直在强调削减武器的必要性。此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选C。
6. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?
—Yes, I did. You know, my brother ________ in the match.
A. plays B. is playing C. was playing D. have been playing
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你看了昨天的篮球比赛了吗？——是的，我看了。你知道的，我弟弟参加了那场比赛。A. plays参加（一般现在时）；B. is playing正在参加（现在进行时）；C. was playing过去正在参加（过去进行时）；D. have been playing一直在参加（现在完成进行时）。根据上下文语境，我的弟弟参加了昨天正在进行的那场比赛，表示对于过去某段时间正在进行的动作的描述，用过去进行时。故选C项。
7. After the week-long journey in the US, she returned to her east London home to find her back door ________open.
A. forcing B. forced C. to force D. having forced
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国旅行一周后，她回到伦敦东部的家，发现后门被撬开了。此处force与door构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故选B。
8. This problem is far from ________, so it has to be discussed again at tomorrow’s meeting.
A. to settle B. settling C. having settled D. being settled
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个问题远未解决，所以必须在明天的会议上再次讨论。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，介词from后接动名词形式作宾语，且此处表示“问题未被解决”，所以空处应用动名词的被动式，即being settled。故选D项。
9. All of the flowers raised here have developed from those ________ in the forest.
A. grown B. to grow C. growing D. having grown
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这里的花都是由长在森林里的花发展而来的。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，因those指代前面的flowers和动词grow为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故选C项。
10. ________ in 1842, Highclere is one of the most expensive houses in Britain, ________ more than 150 million pounds.
A. Completing; is worth B. Completed; worth
C. Having been completed; is worthy D. Completed; is worth
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意：完成于1842年，海克利尔是英国最昂贵的房子之一，价格超过1.5亿美元。分析句子结构，is是谓语动词，空格1在句中作状语，主语Highclere和complete之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，空格1填 completed；空格2在句中作状语，填形容词worth。故选B项。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. universally B. arouse C. fix D. eventually E. tempered F. healing G. overeat H. tempted I. freezing J. activated K. rush
Warning! This article could be bad for your health! As many of us endure the long, cold winter, we are ____11____ to eat some filling and fattening foods. This is sometimes because it helps us to keep warm and to give us energy, but often it’s because we need something to cheer us up. And, for a short while at least, it ____12____ makes us feel better – which is why we call it “comfort food”.
The type of food that makes us feel good varies from person to person – it depends on your palate and the association you have with particular tastes, textures and smells. But probably the most ____13____ popular comforter is the biscuit. It’s thought this go-to snack often brings back happy memories of childhood and family, as well as giving us that all-important sugary pick-me-up. According to psychologist called Shira Gabriel, we get a ____14____ of positive feelings when these memories are activated by eating comfort food. And it’s not just memories that are ____15____, but also the emotions we feel as well. If we felt happy the first time we ate the food, then hopefully we’ll feel happy when we eat it again.
Moving on from the sweet and sugary snacks, famous chef and food writer Mary Berry knows about the kind of meals that warm us up and give us comfort in the winter. She told BBC Food magazine: “I think it becomes natural to think about comfort food as soon as the weather becomes ____16____ and the nights become darker.” She suggests soup and warming foods as feel-good winter treats.
The other thing about comforting dishes like mac and cheese, noodles or pizza is they don’t require culinary skills in the kitchen; they are easy to make so you can get your ____17____ of feel-good food quickly. However, we often feel so good that we eat too much, and even though we know the ingredients are high in carbohydrates, sugar or salt, we continue to ____18____. Psychologist Shira Gabriel told the BBC: “We feel guilty because we don’t realize that what’s happening is our minds are finding a way to ____19____ a really positive emotion and they’re making us eat that food to do so.”
Maybe we should take comfort from the fact that eating certain food can be _____20_____. But, for some people, eating any kind of food brings joy, warmth, happiness and comfort.
【答案】11. H 12. D
13. A 14. K
15. J 16. I
17. C 18. G
19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。在黑暗寒冷的冬季，我们喜欢吃一些让人开心的食物。比如，甜食、热乎、温性的饭菜，因为它们会让我们有饱腹感，从而御寒。但我们为什么在一年中其它时间，也喜欢享用含碳水化合物多、高糖的食品？本文讨论人们喜欢安慰食物的原因。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：当我们中的许多人忍受漫长寒冷的冬天时，我们忍不住去吃一些饱腹和使人发胖的食物。根据下文“This is sometimes because it helps us to keep warm and to give us energy, but often it’s because we need something to cheer us up.(这有时是因为它能帮助我们保暖，给我们能量，但通常是因为我们需要一些东西来让我们振作起来。)”可推断，此处表示我们忍不住去吃一些食物，tempt“引诱”符合句意，与主语we是被动关系，空前有are，故填tempted。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：而且，至少在短时间内，它结果让我们感觉更好——这就是为什么我们称它为“安慰食物”。分析句子可知，此处填副词作状语，eventually“最后，结果”符合语境，故选D。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：但最普遍受欢迎的让你感到放松和愉悦的东西是饼干。修饰形容词用副词，universally“普遍地”符合语境，故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：根据心理学家希拉·加布里埃尔的说法，当这些记忆被吃安慰性食物激活时，我们会有涌起一连串积极的感觉。不定冠词修饰单数名词，a rush of“一阵子；一连串”符合语境，故选K。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：不仅是记忆被激活，我们的情绪也被激活。根据上文“these memories are activated by eating comfort food”可知，此处表示记忆被激活，activate“激活”符合语境，此处为强调句型，主语memories与activate是被动关系，空前有are，故填activated，故选J。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我认为，天气一变冷，夜晚一变黑，人们就会自然而然地想到安慰自己的食物。Becomes是系动词，接形容词作表语，根据上文“the kind of meals that warm us up and give us comfort in the winter”可知，此处表示天气变冷，夜晚变黑，freezing“极冷的”符合语境，形容词作表语，故选I。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：另外，像奶酪通心粉、面条或披萨这样舒适的食物不需要厨房的烹饪技巧；它们很容易做，所以你可以很快找到感觉良好的食物用量。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，fix“一次用量”，名词，符合句意，故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，我们常常因为感觉太好而吃得太多，即使我们知道这些成分含有高碳水化合物、糖或盐，我们还是继续大吃特吃。Continue to do sth.“继续做某事”，故空处填动词，根据句意，overeat“吃得过多”符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：心理学家希拉·加布里埃尔告诉BBC:“我们感到内疚是因为我们没有意识到正在发生的，我们的大脑正在寻找一种方法来唤起一种真正积极的情绪，它们让我们吃那种食物。”a way to do sth.“做某事的方式”，空处填动词，arouse“激起；唤起”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词。句意：也许我们应该从以下事实中得到安慰——吃某些食物可能是治愈的。healing“能治愈的”符合语境，be动词后作表语，故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Goodish News of Climate Change
Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.
Is it a peak, a stutter or just a brief pause? Time will tell. But whatever it is, on February 11th the International Energy Agency (IEA), an intergovernmental ____21____ which collects such data, announced that emissions of carbon dioxide in 2019 which were ____22____ to energy had remained the same (33.3bn tonnes) as the previous year’s.
Energy-related emissions, which include those (produced by electricity generation), heating and transport, ____23____ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO₂ pollution. The reason why the emissions remained the same was that there was a(n) ____24____ in coal use, particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power.
As a result of this the CO₂-intensity of electricity generation—a(n) ____25____ of how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced—fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt hour. It had already been ____26____, but this is three times the average for the past decade. Such declines more than offset (抵消) the ____27____ of increased electricity production. The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA.
This is not the first time energy related emissions have plateaued (保持稳定). Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____28____ developing economies increased. This ____29____ plateau was accompanied by excited declarations that such emissions had peaked. Similar ____30____ have been made this week, perhaps also prematurely. Besides changes in coal use, a ____31____ economy may have played a part and the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies.
____32____, the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved. This, one of the world’s largest woodlands, has acted ____33____ as an absorbing sponge (海绵) for CO₂ by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis. Researchers at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research have shown that a vast part of the south-east of the Amazon, about one fifth of its area, has lost its ____34____ to absorb the gas and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead. This land has been widely deforested, so the result is little ____35____. But it is disappointing.
21. A. circumstance B. environment C. contribution D. organization
22. A. available B. similar C. related D. referred
23. A. call for B. account for C. stand for D. allow for
24. A. decline B. increase C. promotion D. recovery
25. A. product B. idea C. measure D. result
26 A. floating B. falling C. disappearing D. remaining
27. A. outcome B. change C. effect D. achievement
28. A. fuel B. regulate C. handle D. expand
29. A. frequent B. previous C. natural D. disastrous
30. A. tips B. plans C. warnings D. comments
31. A. booming B. dynamic C. strong D. depressed
32. A. In addition B. By contrast C. In consequence D. In fact
33. A. accidentally B. absolutely C. historically D. correctly
34. A. prospect B. ability C. need D. decision
35. A. anger B. hope C. devotion D. surprise
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了目前，与能源生产有关的二氧化碳排放量已经稳定，并分析了原因。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2月11日，收集此类数据的政府间组织国际能源署（IEA）宣布，2019年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平（333亿吨）。A. circumstance情况；B. environment环境；C. contribution贡献；D. organization组织。空处为上文“the International Energy Agency (IEA)”的同位语，说明这是一个组织。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但不管是什么，2月11日，收集此类数据的政府间组织国际能源署（IEA）宣布，2019年与能源相关的二氧化碳排放量与前一年持平（333亿吨）。A. available可用的；B. similar类似的；C. related相关的；D. referred被提及的。根据第一段“Emissions of carbon dioxide (related to energy production) have stabilized, for now.”可知，此处说的是与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：与能源相关的排放，包括（发电产生的）、供暖和运输，占世界工业二氧化碳排放量的70%以上₂ 污染排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量增加，特别是在富裕国家，再加上可再生能源的使用量增加。A. call for呼吁；B. account for占；C. stand for代表；D. allow for考虑到。根据下文“ more than 70% of the world’s industrial CO₂ pollution”可知，与能源有关的二氧化碳的排放量占世界工业二氧化碳污染的70%以上。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：排放量保持不变的原因是煤炭使用量减少了，特别是在富裕国家，同时可再生能源的使用量增加了。A. decline拒绝；B. increase增加；C. promotion晋升；D. recovery恢复。根据下文“particularly in rich countries, combined with an increase in the use of renewable power”可知，煤炭的使用量的减少和可再生资源使用量的增加，造成煤炭使用量减少了。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，CO₂-发电强度——衡量每千瓦时生产的汽油排放多少气体的指标——下降了近6.5%，达到340克一氧化碳₂ 每千瓦时。A. product产品；B. idea想法；C. measure方法，措施；D. result后果。根据下文“how much of the gas is emitted per kilowatt hour of petrol produced”可知，这是一种衡量方法。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经在下降，但这是过去十年平均水平的三倍。A. floating浮动；B. falling下降；C. disappearing消失；D. remaining剩下。根据上文“fell by nearly 6.5%, to 340 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt hour”可知，尽管下降了，但是仍旧是过去十年平均水平的30倍。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种下降抵消了电力生产增加的影响。A. outcome结果；B. change改变；C. effect效果；D. achievement成就。根据下文“The average emission-intensity of power generation in 2019 was “lower than all but the most efficient gas-power plants”, according to the IEA.”可知，减少了排放量抵消了增加的发电量所造成的影响。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2013年至2016年间，煤炭产量每年徘徊在322亿吨左右，2017年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加，煤炭产量再次上升。A. fuel提供燃料；B. regulate调节；C. handle处理；D. expand扩大。根据上文“before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal ”可知，2017年随着煤炭为发展中经济体提供燃料的使用量增加，煤炭产量再次上升。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在此之前的平稳期伴随着激动的声明，即此类排放已达到峰值。A. frequent频繁的；B. previous之前的；C. natural天然的；D. disastrous灾难性的，极糟糕的。根据上文“Between 2013 and 2016 they hovered around 32.2bn tonnes a year, before rising again in 2017 as the use of coal to ____8____ developing economies increased.”可知，此处说明以前出现的高原现象。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：本周也有人发表了类似的评论，也许也是过早的。A. tips提示；B. plans计划；C. warnings警告；D. comments评论。根据下文“perhaps also prematurely”可知，本周有人给出了类似的评论。故选D。
31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了煤炭使用的变化之外，低迷的经济可能也起到了一定的作用，数据显示，气候比平时温和，导致了几个拥有大量碳需求经济体的国家的排放量明显下降。A. booming蓬勃发展的；B. dynamic动态的；C. strong强的；D. depressed经济萧条的。根据下文“the data show that milder than usual weather caused a perceptible drop in emissions from several countries with large, carbon-hungry economies”可知，煤炭的使用，疲软的经济也起到了重要的作用，降低了二氧化碳的增长。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In consequence结果；D. In fact事实上。根据下文“the latest data from the Amazon rainforest also make us feel relieved”可知，除此之外，来自亚马逊雨林的最新数据也让我们松了一口气。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最大的林地之一，历史上一直作为吸收二氧化碳的海绵，通过光合成将其从大气中去除。A. accidentally意外；B. absolutely绝对；C. historically历史上；D. correctly正确地。根据空后“as an absorbing sponge for CO₂ by removing it from the atmosphere through photo-synthesis”可知，作为世界上最大的森林，从历史上亚马逊热带雨林就充当吸收二氧化碳的作用。故选C。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴西国家空间研究所（National Institute for Space Research）的研究人员表明，亚马逊东南部的大部分地区（约占其面积的五分之一）已经失去了吸收气体的能力，现在反而成为了大气中的净排放源。A. prospect前景；B. ability能力；C. need需要；D. decision决定。根据下文“and is now a net source of emissions into the atmosphere instead”可知，这个地区已经失去了吸收气体的能力。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查词义辨析。句意：这片土地被广泛砍伐，因此结果并不令人惊讶。但这令人失望。A. anger愤怒；B. hope希望；C. devotion献身精神；D. surprise惊喜。根据“This land has been widely deforested”可知，因为大量砍伐，因此这样的结果并不令人惊讶。故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
A call came into Jimmy Gilles’s bar this past March. A newly married woman who had spent the afternoon at the dive beach bar in Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina couldn’t find her wallet. She didn’t care about her ID, credit cards, or $150— but her wedding ring was inside it.
Gilles, 42, the boss of the bar, didn’t like the idea that there was a thief at his place. So he set out to find the wallet. He spent hours looking for the footage from 16 different cameras, watching the woman’s every step in the bar until she went to sit on a bench outside and left when her ride arrived. Within minutes, a young man in a hoodie approached the bench, put something in his pocket in a hurry, and walked off.
Gilles posted the picture on the bar’s Facebook and asked if anybody knew who the guy was. Within hours, 17-year-old Rivers Prather came and said he had taken the wallet and told Gilles he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten for two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money, and threw the wallet off the public docks into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.
Gilles, unsure whether he should believe Prather, told the teen to meet him at the docks. There Prather revealed that he wasn’t getting along with his family and lived in the woods for weeks. Gilles looked at Prather—his small stature, his ruddy cheeks—and saw him for what he was: more of a kid than a thief.
But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing severe charges. Gilles wanted to help him somehow.
Gilles recruited two local divers to search the waters where Prather had thrown the wallet. A crowd gathered to watch the two divers search in the strong current. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilles grew worried. Each passing minute increased the chances that the police would arrest the young man.
And then a diver came out from the water with the wallet in his hand, and inside was the ring. Cheers erupted from the spectators. When Gilles called the wallet’s owner, she burst into tears. She promptly dropped the felony charges against Prather for stealing the ring.
But it wasn’t over for Gilles. He’d been troubled about Prather sleeping in the cold woods. He told the teen he could stay with his family until the boy got on his feet again. He also gave the kid a job at his bar. “Most people would give the footage to police, but the boss chose to help me,” Prather told CBS News. “I say thank you to him every day.”
36. Why didn’t Prather take away the ring in the wallet?
A. Because he thought the ring was not genuine and worthless.
B. Because he was too anxious about the money to find the ring.
C. Because he knew nobody would be interested in buying the ring.
D. Because he knew he would be charged severely if he took the ring.
37. What can be inferred about Prather according to the passage?
A. He has been a thief ever since he left his family.
B. He was still a kid although he looked tall and strong.
C. His family didn’t get along with him and give him nothing to eat.
D. He left his family and was very hungry before he committed the theft.
38. Why did Gilles feel worried when the divers could not find the ring?
A. Because he had to pay for it as it was stolen at his bar.
B. Because the police were very likely to arrest Prather.
C. Because it would disappoint the crowd gathering around.
D. Because it was a wedding ring and very important to the woman.
39. Which words can be used to describe Mr. Gilles?
A. Careful and creative. B. Reasonable but cruel.
C. Caring and merciful. D. Brave but heartless.
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。记叙了Jimmy Gilleece的酒吧中一位女士丢失了钱包，钱包里有她最珍视的结婚戒指。Jimmy Gilleece找到了捡到钱包的年轻人Rivers Prather，但是Rivers Prather拿了钱包里的钱将钱包丢进了海里。Gilleece觉得Prather只是个孩子，于是决定帮助他，最终找到了戒指，Prather也被撤销了指控。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money, and threw the wallet off the public docks into the ocean. (他说他看到了戒指，但认为是假的，所以他拿走了钱，把钱包从公共码头扔进了海里。)”可知，Prather没有拿走钱包里的戒指，因为他认为这枚戒指不是真的，没有价值。故选A。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Within hours, 17-year-old Rivers Prather came and said he had taken the wallet and told Gilles he’d done it because he hadn’t eaten for two days. (几个小时后，17岁的Rivers Prather来了，说他拿走了钱包，并告诉吉尔斯他这么做是因为他两天没吃东西了。)”和第四段“There Prather revealed that he wasn’t getting along with his family and lived in the woods for weeks.( Prather在那里透露，他和家人相处得不好，在树林里住了好几个星期。)”可知，Prather离开了他的家人，在他盗窃之前非常饿。故选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing severe charges. (但警方已经在调查此案，由于丢失的戒指，Prather可能会面临严厉的指控。)”和第六段“Each passing minute increased the chances that the police would arrest the young man. (时间一分一秒地过去，警察逮捕这个年轻人的可能性就增加了。)”可知，当潜水员找不到戒指时，Gilles非常担心，因为警察很可能会逮捕Prather。故选B。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing severe charges. Gilles wanted to help him somehow. (但警方已经在调查此案，由于丢失的戒指，Prather可能会面临严厉的指控。Gilles想以某种方式帮助他。)”可知，Gilles帮助Prather洗清指控，可推断Gilles非常仁慈。根据最后一段“But it wasn’t over for Gilles. He’d been troubled about Prather sleeping in the cold woods. He told the teen he could stay with his family until the boy got on his feet again. He also gave the kid a job at his bar. (但对Gilles来说，这并没有结束。他一直担心Prather睡在冰冷的树林里。他告诉男孩，在男孩重新站起来之前，他可以和家人住在一起。他还给那孩子在他的酒吧找了份工作。)”可推断，Gilles对Prather非常关怀。故选C。
(B)
Working at the British Museum
Current Vacancies
We are always looking for talented people to join us in jobs from visitor assistants to curators, scientists to administrators, sales assistants to fundraisers. We aim to create a working environment in which all individuals can make best use of their skills,free from unlawful discrimination or harassment(骚扰). We also offer a wide-ranging benefits package, which you can view by clicking on the benefits tab above.
If you want to find out more about a specific vacancy, click on the job title in the list of current vacancies in the British Museum or the British Museum Company below. You can also log in to continue and track a previous application. You can use the search function on the bottom left of this tab to search for jobs according to their location, job category or employment type.
How to apply
To apply for a job, you need to register an account. Once you have an account you can use this to apply for any job by logging in to the candidate area using your email address and chosen password.
As part of any recruitment process, the British Museum collects and processes personal data relating to job applicants. The Museum is committed to being transparent (透明的) about how it collects and uses that data and to meeting its data protection obligations. You can find further information on this subject on the job applicant privacy notice tab.
If your application is successful you will be subject to relevant disclosure checks for the job You will also be required to provide evidence of your right to work in the UK.
You can apply for a job by clicking on the corresponding job title. You can resume an application which you have started but are yet to finish. The online application form has been designed so that you can save, review and modify it, before submission.
Selection
Once we receive your application it will be reviewed and evaluated. If you are shortlisted for the job you will be invited to an interview: this could be a telephone interview, a face-to-face interview or in the format of an assessment centre, depending on the position you are applying for. If your application is unsuccessful we will contact you to let you know.
We usually operate a two-stage interview process depending on the job you have applied for. For certain jobs you may also be asked to undertake an exercise to demonstrate your suitability for the position.
All vacancies will close at 12 noon on the closing date and late applications will not be accepted. If you have further queries, please contact the Museum’s Human Resources department on 020 73238396 or bmrecruit@britishmuscum.org.
40. You cannot search a job on this website by ________.
A. employment type B. job category C. salary D. location
41. If you want to explore more about the transparency of the data collecting, you can click on the ________tab.
A. current vacancies B. job applicant privacy notice
C. benefits D. volunteer
42. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. When submitted, the online application form can’t be revised.
B. The Museum will contact you only if your application is successful.
C. The Museum provides different benefits to its staff based on their performance.
D. The candidates will go through a telephone interview and then a face-to-face one.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大英博物馆的招聘网站的相关信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Current Vacancies部分中的第二段“You can use the search function on the bottom left of this tab to search for jobs according to their location, job category or employment type.(您可以使用该选项卡左下方的搜索功能，根据职位所在位置、职位类别或职位类型进行搜索)”可知，你不能在这个网站上通过工资来搜索工作。故选C项。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章How to apply部分中的第二段“The Museum is committed to being transparent (透明的) about how it collects and uses that data and to meeting its data protection obligations. You can find further information on this subject on the job applicant privacy notice tab.(博物馆致力于对其如何收集和使用这些数据保持透明，并履行其数据保护义务。你可以在求职者隐私通知标签上找到更多关于这个主题的信息)”可知，如果你想了解更多关于数据收集透明度的信息，你可以点击求职者隐私通知选项卡。故选B项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章How to apply部分中的第四段“The online application form has been designed so that you can save, review and modify it, before submission.(在线申请表的设计使您可以在提交之前保存、审查和修改它)”可知，在线表格提交之前可以修改，即提交之后就不可修改了。故选A项。
(C)
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in line with a child's growing grasp of social and moral standards. Children aren't born knowing how to say “I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. It is deeply uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what role guilt can serve”, says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary-feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our own goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their disgusting behaviors. And vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral wrongdoings. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. The ones more likely to feel guilty tended to share more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other children.
“That's good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
43. The underlined word “appease” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “_________”.
A. content B. disappoint C. amuse D. distract
44. The writer mentions the comparison of guilt to “a jacket stuffed with stones” to show people's _________.
A. general impression of guilt being overestimated
B. incorrect idea about the nature and function of guilt
C. out-of date belief of guilt being their primary burden
D. long-held prejudice against those who often feel guilty
45. What can be inferred from the chocolate coin experiment?
A. It's necessary to ensure kids feel guilty about their wrongdoings.
B. Regretful kids need to be given a chance to correct their behaviors.
C. Feeling guilty has the power to make kids become more sympathetic
D. The highest guilt could possibly be found in kids with the lowest sympathy.
46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Guilt vs Sympathy B. Good News for Guilty People
C. Don't feel Guilty About Your Guilt D. What Lies Underneath Your Guilt
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员认为适当的所谓道德内疚是一件好事，而大众认为的内疚是一件坏事的想法已经过时了。内疚，通过促使我们更深入地思考自己的善良，可以鼓励人类弥补错误，修复关系。文章还介绍了一项关于孩子内疚的研究过程以及发现。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Children aren't born knowing how to say “I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. (孩子们不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”；相反，随着时间的推移，他们了解到这样的言论appease父母、朋友和他们自己的良心)”可得出，随着时间的推移，他们了解到“对不起”这样的说法会让父母和朋友，以及他们自己的良心满意。故画线词意思是“使满意”。A. content使满意；B. disappoint使失望；C. amuse娱乐；D. distract分心。故选A。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. It is deeply uncomfortable—it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated.(当然，在大众的想象中，内疚仍然是一个坏名声。这让人非常不舒服——就像穿着一件塞满石头的夹克衫。然而，这种理解已经过时了)”可推知，作者将内疚比喻为“塞满石头的夹克衫”，是为了表明了人们对内疚的性质和作用的错误认识。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their disgusting behaviors. And vice versa: high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.(一些缺乏同情心的孩子可能会通过经历更多的内疚来弥补这一不足，而内疚可以控制他们令人厌恶的行为。反之亦然：高度的同情可以代替较低的负罪感)”可推知，从巧克力硬币实验可以推断出最高的罪恶感可能出现在同情心最低的孩子身上。故选D。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.(这就是为什么研究人员通常认为适当的所谓道德内疚是一件好事)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员认为适当的所谓道德内疚是一件好事，而大众认为的内疚是一件坏事的想法已经过时了。内疚，通过促使我们更深入地思考自己的善良，可以鼓励人类弥补错误，修复关系。文章还介绍了一项关于孩子内疚的研究过程以及发现。可知，C选项“不要对你的内疚感到内疚”最符合文章标题。故选C。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
What’s the relation between snore (打鼾) and obesity?
Many people like to snore while they are sleeping, not only men, but also women, and they are getting younger. So why do people snore when they sleep?
When people breathe, gas enters the body and passes through the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx, all the way to the trachea and lungs. Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.
____47____ Snoring is not terrible, terrible is to play a few times after the sudden silence, not breathing the most terrible. If the air doesn’t get into the lungs, there’s a condition called sleep apnea, or sleep apnea. If the gas stays in your mouth or nose for more than 10 seconds, you’re basically suffering from sleep apnea. However, don’t worry too much.
So, how can you prevent snoring? There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed. ____48____ A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding. When a lot of young people are not fat, they do not snore. But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur. ____49____
What’s more, people should give up bad habits in their daily life. For example, heavy drinking can make snoring worse. ____50____ Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity (鼻腔): many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.
A. So you should exercise more and control your weight.
B. Well, that is not actually the case.
C. However, these methods have little effect.
D. In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.
E. In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.
F Sleeping on your back can also make you snore.
【答案】47. E 48. C 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了打鼾的原理以及如何预防打鼾的方法。
【47题详解】
上文“Snoring is the sound of a gas passing through a narrow passage, resulting in strong airflow changes and vibrations.”（打呼噜的响声是气体经过一个比较狭窄的通道，从而产生强烈气流变化，振动所导致的声音。）介绍打鼾的原理。结合选项E项In fact, if any place in this passage is narrow, there will be snoring.（事实上，如果这条通道的任何一个地方很窄，就会有打呼噜的声音。）为同样介绍打鼾的原理，和上文内容相关，为上文内容的补充，E项中的this passage呼应上文的a narrow passage。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文“There are many popular remedies for snoring, such as drinking pepper water and using mouthwash before going to bed.”（有很多流行的治疗打鼾的方法，比如睡前喝胡椒水和使用漱口水。）提到治疗打鼾的方法。下文“A large number of cases show that obesity is an important factor in the snoring phenomenon, and weight gain is an important cause of snoring and even breath-holding.”（大量案例表明，肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素，体重增加是导致打鼾甚至憋气的重要原因。）说明肥胖是导致打鼾现象的重要因素。C项However, these methods have little effect.（然而，这些方法收效甚微。）可知，是对上文内容的递进，此句these methods指的就是上文提到的那些方法，引出下文对打鼾的原因的进一步解释。故选C项。
【49题详解】
根据上文“But after weight gain, this phenomenon might occur.”（但体重增加后，这种现象可能会发生。）讲的是体重增加后就会出现打鼾。故可推断空格处会讲关于控制体重的内容。结合选项A项So you should exercise more and control your weight.（所以你应该多锻炼，控制体重。）符合此推断，和上文形成因果关系，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
【50题详解】
根据下文“Many cases show that patients do have a lot of benefits after cleaning the nasal cavity : many patients with mild allergic rhinitis or sinusitis through rinsing the nasal cavity, the condition has been significantly improved.”（很多案例表明，患者在清洗鼻腔后确实有很多好处:很多轻度过敏性鼻炎或鼻窦炎患者通过冲洗鼻腔，病情有了明显改善。）可知，通过案列表明清洗鼻腔的重要性。故可推断空格处内容也与此相关。结合选项D项In addition, also pay attention to nasal cleaning.（此外，还要注意鼻腔清洁。）和下文内容一致，下文是对空格处内容的解释说明。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
Section D
Group 1
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word or phrase chosen from the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.
A. attempted B. promoted C. identical D. independent E. proposing
F. account G. issue H. conduct I. signaling J. pressured K. functional

51. Venus and Earth are commonly regarded as twin planets but not ________ twins.
52. A key ________ for higher education in the 1990’s is the need for greater diversity of courses.
53. At the end, when the crowd began to break up, he raised his arms ________ for attention.
54. The firm ________ to maintain its profitability by reducing the proportion of revenue set aside to pay staff to 36.8% from 36.9%.
55. Doctors in Britain say a new code of ________ is urgently needed to protect the doctor-patient relationship.
56. He knew he was going crazy when he heard himself ________ marriage to her, when he begged her to take the diamond ring and be his companion for life.
57. In the United States, in comparison, parents regard the primary purpose of preschools as making children more ________ and self-reliant.
58. Enabling farmers to speed their products to the East, railroads increased the value of farmland and ________ additional settlement.
59. Every mother should have the right to decide where she gives birth, without feeling ________ one way or the other.
60. This highly ________ walking style allows penguins to save roughly eighty percent of the mechanical energy they use while walking.
【答案】51. C 52. G
53. I 54. A
55. H 56. E
57. D 58. B
59. J 60. K
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查形容词。句意：金星和地球通常被认为是孪生行星，但不是完全相同的“双胞胎”。作定语，结合句意表示“相同的”应用形容词identical。故填identical。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词。句意：20世纪90年代高等教育的一个关键问题是需要使课程更加多样化。作主语，表示“问题”应用单数名词issue。故填issue。故选G。
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，当人群开始散去时，他举起双臂示意大家注意。结合句意表示“示意”，应用现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。故填signaling。故选I。
【54题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司试图通过将用于支付员工工资的收入比例从36.9%降至36.8%，维持其盈利能力。作谓语，表示“试图”应用attempt，结合语境为一般过去时。故填attempted。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查名词。句意：英国医生表示，迫切需要一套新的行为准则来保护医患关系。作宾语，结合句意表示“行为”应用名词conduct。故填conduct。故选H。
【56题详解】
考查动词。句意：当他听到自己向她求婚的声音，当他恳求她接受钻戒，做他的终身伴侣的时候，他知道自己快要疯了。hear sb doing听到某人正在做某事，结合句意表示“求婚”可知应用proposing（propose的现在分词）。故填proposing。故选E。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：相比之下，在美国，家长认为学前教育的主要目的是让孩子更独立、自立。作宾补，结合句意表示“独立”应用形容词independent。故填independent。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查动词。句意：铁路使农民能够将他们的产品快速运往东部，增加了农田的价值，促进了更多的定居。作谓语，表示“促进”应用动词promote，结合上文increased可知为一般过去时。故填promoted。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每个母亲都应该有权利决定在哪里分娩，而不必为此感到压力。作表语，表示“感到压力”应用形容词pressured。故填pressured。故选J。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种高度功能性的走路方式使企鹅在走路时节省了大约80%的机械能量。作定语，表示“功能性的”应用形容词functional。故填functional。故选K。
Group 2
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word or phrase chosen from the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one word or phrase more than you need.
A. break down B. stop off C. set out D. show off E. set off F. shake off

61. The boy is trying to ________ bad habits learned under two months of online learning.
62. If you would like to see your grandmother, we can ________ at her house on the way to the city.
63. If the food situation continues to worsen, the entire nation will ________ at an ever increasing rate.
64. Pakistani-American who tried to ________ a bomb in Times Square in New York has been sentenced to life in prison.
65. He bounced from job to job and in 1995, eager to ________ his newfound success, went back to Mexico with his pockets full of money, and married.
【答案】61. shake off
62. stop off
63. break down
64. set off
65. show off
【解析】
【61题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这个男孩正在努力摆脱在两个月的在线学习中养成的坏习惯。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语shake off“摆脱”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填shake off。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你想看看你奶奶，我们可以在去城市的路上顺便去她家。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语stop off“中途停留”，满足句意要求，结合空前情态动词can可知，为动词原形。故填stop off。
【63题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果粮食状况继续恶化，整个国家将以越来越快的速度崩溃。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语break down“毁掉，崩溃”，满足句意要求，结合空前will情态动词可知，为动词原形。故填break down。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：试图在纽约时代广场引爆炸弹的巴基斯坦裔美国人被判终身监禁。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语set off“使爆炸”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填set off。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：他换了一个又一个工作，1995年，为了炫耀自己新获得的成功，他带着口袋里的钱回到了墨西哥，并结婚了。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语show off“炫耀”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填show off。